喜旱莲子草营养繁殖特征对干扰的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08046

生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 229-235. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08046 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2008.08046

所属专题：生物入侵

喜旱莲子草营养繁殖特征对干扰的响应

贾昕¹^,², 杨兴中¹, 潘晓云²^,^*(), 李博², 陈家宽²

1 西北大学生命科学学院, 西安 710069
2 长江河口湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 生物多样性和生态工程教育部重点实验室, 复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所, 上海 200433

收稿日期:2008-03-02 接受日期:2008-04-01 出版日期:2008-05-20 发布日期:2008-05-20
通讯作者: 潘晓云
作者简介:*E-mail:xypan@fudan.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30400052);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2006CB403305)

Vegetative propagation characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to disturbances

Xin Jia¹^,², Xingzhong Yang¹, Xiaoyun Pan²^,^*(), Bo Li², Jiakuan Chen²

1 College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069
2 Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433

Received:2008-03-02 Accepted:2008-04-01 Online:2008-05-20 Published:2008-05-20
Contact: Xiaoyun Pan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

养分富集和物理干扰是人类活动影响下外来植物在入侵地所面对的重要生境特征, 而克隆生长和营养繁殖是外来植物入侵高资源干扰生境的重要生活史特征。喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)是一个世界性的入侵种, 它主要分布于暖温带–亚热带气候区各种淡水生态系统的水陆交界区域, 这些生境易受养分富集和物理干扰的影响。喜旱莲子草在入侵地有性繁殖缺失, 因而贮藏根形成、根芽萌发和分株生长等是其重要的生活史环节和营养繁殖特征。本文中通过种植实验研究了喜旱莲子草的营养繁殖特征对养分增加和物理干扰(贮藏根片段化和埋藏)的响应。结果表明: (1)高养分条件下喜旱莲子草的总生物量增加了约1.5倍, 贮藏根分配(营养繁殖分配)增加了约15%, 贮藏根平均长度增加了约1.5倍; (2)喜旱莲子草的根芽萌发数随贮藏根段大小的增加而增加, 平均每克贮藏根(干重)能够萌发出约15个根芽, 萌发出1个根芽只需要不到0.1 g的贮藏根, 埋藏深度不影响根芽萌发数; (3)贮藏根段大小和埋藏深度对喜旱莲子草分株的主枝长和平均相对生长率均没有显著影响。这些结果暗示, 喜旱莲子草的营养繁殖特征对养分富集和物理干扰非常适应, 能够促进其局域种群的快速增长和流域范围内集合种群的长期续存。

关键词: 根芽, 克隆生长, 生物量分配, 生物入侵, 外来入侵植物, 物理干扰, 养分富集, 营养繁殖体库

Abstract

In the context of increasing anthropogenic activities, nutrient enrichment and physical disturbances are among the most important environmental factors influencing biological invasions. On the other hand, clonal growth and vegetative propagation are considered important life history traits promoting the invasiveness of plants in high-resource and disturbed habitats. Alternanthera philoxeroides, endemic to South America, is an amphibious clonal weed invading areas worldwide. It is widely distributed in warm-temperate and subtropical regions, and tends to invade nutrient-rich and disturbed habitats such as riparian zones, wetlands, and arable areas. Throughout its introduced range, A. philoxeroides rarely produces viable seeds and reproduces mainly by vegetative propagation via storage roots and stems. Therefore, formation of storage roots, sprouting of root buds, and growth of new ramets are crucial characteristics in the life history of A. philoxeroides. We conducted three container experiments to examine the responses of vegetative propagation characteristics of A. philoxeroides to two factors—nutrient addition and physical disturbance (two types of physical disturbance: fragmentation and burial of storage roots). Nutrient addition increased total biomass and mean length of storage roots 1.5-fold, and biomass allocation to storage roots by 15% (i.e., vegetative reproductive allocation). Number of root buds increased by approximately 15 sprouts per g (dry mass) of storage root. Burial depth had no effect on number of sprouts per root fragment. Neither storage root size nor burial depth affected main stem length or mean relative growth rate of ramets. Our results suggest that adaptation of vegetative propagation characteristics to nutrient enrichment and physical disturbances may enable localA. philoxeroides populations to grow rapidly, and contribute greatly to the persistence of metapopulations at the watershed scale.

Key words: biological invasion, biomass allocation, clonal growth, exotic invasive plant, nutrient enrichment, physical disturbance, root bud, vegetative propagule bank

贾昕, 杨兴中, 潘晓云, 李博, 陈家宽 (2008) 喜旱莲子草营养繁殖特征对干扰的响应. 生物多样性, 16, 229-235. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08046.

Xin Jia, Xingzhong Yang, Xiaoyun Pan, Bo Li, Jiakuan Chen (2008) Vegetative propagation characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to disturbances. Biodiversity Science, 16, 229-235. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08046.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08046

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I3/229

图/表 5

图1 养分增加对喜旱莲子草总生物量(A)和生物量分配(B)的影响(平均值±标准误)

Fig. 1 Effects of nutrient addition on total biomass (A) and biomass allocation (B) of Alternanthera philoxeroides. Data are means ± SE.

图2 养分增加对喜旱莲子草贮藏根数(A)、平均长度(B)和平均直径(C)的影响(平均值±标准误)

Fig. 2 Effects of nutrient addition on storage root number (A), mean length (B) and mean diameter (C) of Alternanthera philoxeroides. Data are means ± SE.

图3 养分增加对喜旱莲子草贮藏根长度(A)和直径(B)分布的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of nutrient addition on storage root length (A) and diameter (B) distribution of Alternanthera philoxeroides.

图4 喜旱莲子草贮藏根段干重和根芽数的关系(平均值±标准误)

Fig. 4 Relationship between dry mass of storage root fragment and number of root buds in Alternanthera philoxeroides. Data are means ± SE.

图5 贮藏根段长度和埋藏深度对喜旱莲子草分株主枝长(A)和平均相对生长率(B)的影响(平均值±标准误)。 (A): □ 长度6 cm, 深度3 cm; ○ 长度1 cm, 深度3 cm; ■ 长度6 cm, 深度15 cm; ● 长度1 cm, 深度15 cm。(B): 灰色: 长度6 cm; 黑色: 长度1 cm。

Fig. 5 Effects of length and burial depth of storage root fragment on main stem length (A) and mean relative growth rate (B) of Alternanthera philoxeroidesramets. Data are means ± SE. (A): □ 6 cm in length and 3 cm in depth, ○ 1 cm in length and 3 cm in depth, ■ 6 cm in length and 15 cm in depth, ● 1 cm in length and 15 cm in depth; (B): Grey bars: 6 cm in length; black bars: 1 cm in length.

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喜旱莲子草营养繁殖特征对干扰的响应

Vegetative propagation characteristics of Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to disturbances

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