江阴港口外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻包囊种类及组成

doi:10.17520/biods.2019253

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 144-154. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019253

所属专题：生物入侵

• 研究报告:植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

江阴港口外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻包囊种类及组成

张家真¹, 高春蕾¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 李艳¹^,²^,³, 孙萍¹^,²^,³, 王宗灵¹^,²^,³

1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266061
2 自然资源部海洋生态环境科学与工程实验室, 山东青岛 266061
3 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2019-08-14 接受日期:2019-12-17 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者: 高春蕾
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1404601);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1404602)

Species composition of dinoflagellates cysts in ballast tank sediments of foreign ships berthed in Jiangyin Port

Jiazhen Zhang¹, Chunlei Gao¹^,²^,³^,^*(), Yan Li¹^,²^,³, Ping Sun¹^,²^,³, Zongling Wang¹^,²^,³

1 First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 266061
2 Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 266061
3 Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071

Received:2019-08-14 Accepted:2019-12-17 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2019-12-24
Contact: Chunlei Gao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻休眠包囊的种类组成及外来甲藻入侵风险, 本文根据包囊及其萌发细胞的形态特征辅以分子生物学信息对江阴港5艘外来船舶压载舱沉积物中的活体甲藻休眠包囊的种类进行鉴定和分析。共鉴定出甲藻休眠包囊29种(不含3种未鉴定种), 包括膝沟藻类、钙甲藻类、裸甲藻类、翼甲藻类以及原多甲藻类, 活体休眠包囊密度介于0.73-44.3 cysts/g DW。其中塔玛亚历山大藻复合种(Alexandrium tamarense species complex)、网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)、具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)等有毒有害甲藻的包囊在取样的5艘船舶中均有发现。此外还发现了多种中国近海未报道的甲藻包囊种类, 其中一种经过分子手段确定为异常亚历山大藻(Alexandrium insuetum)包囊, 萌发和培养实验表明该种包囊能够在中国近海萌发并增殖, 有潜在的入侵风险和暴发赤潮的可能性。

关键词: 包囊萌发, 甲藻包囊, 生物入侵, 压载舱沉积物, 种类组成

Abstract

In order to explore the species composition and invasion risk of dinoflagellate resting cysts in the sediments of ballast tanks of foreign ships, we identified and analyzed the species of living dinoflagellate cysts in the sediments of five foreign ships ballast tanks in Jiangyin Port based on the morphological characteristics and molecular biology information of dormant cysts and germinating cells. A total of 29 species of dinoflagellate cysts (excluding three unkonwn species), belonging to Gonyaulacoid group, Calcoidinellid group, Gymnodinioid group, Diplopsalid group and Protoperidinioid group, were recorded in ballast sediments. The density of living cysts ranged from 0.73 to 44.3 cysts/g DW. Cysts of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense species complex, Protoceratium reticulatum, and Gonyaulax spinifera were found in five ships. In addition, a variety of unrecorded dinoflagellate cyst types in Chinese coasts have been found, one of which was identified as Alexandrium insuetum. Germination and incubation experiments showed that it can proliferate in coastal waters of China. Therefore, Alexandrium insuetum has potential invasion risk and possibility of bloom in coastal China.

Key words: cyst germination, dinoflagellate cysts, biological invasion, ballast tank sediments, species composition

张家真, 高春蕾, 李艳, 孙萍, 王宗灵 (2020) 江阴港口外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻包囊种类及组成. 生物多样性, 28, 144-154. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019253.

Jiazhen Zhang, Chunlei Gao, Yan Li, Ping Sun, Zongling Wang (2020) Species composition of dinoflagellates cysts in ballast tank sediments of foreign ships berthed in Jiangyin Port. Biodiversity Science, 28, 144-154. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019253.

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图/表 5

参考文献 40

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船号 Ship number	压载水替换港口(按时间顺序排列) Port for replace of ballast water (in order of time)
1号 Number 1	巴尔的摩港→伊塔瓜伊港→乍浦港→吉朗港→波特兰港→阿德莱德港→昂山港 Baltimore→Itaguai→Zhapu→Geelong→Portland→Adelaide→Onsan
2号 Number 2	美国→巴拿马→蔚山港 USA→Panama→Ulsan
3号 Number 3	富查伊拉港→吉赞港→拉文纳港→瑞山港→新加坡→台中港→太仓港→蔚山港 Fujairah→Jizan→Ravenna→Daesan→Singapore→Taichung→Taicang→Ulsan
4号 Number 4	圣洛伦索港→格拉德斯通港 Arslo→Auglt
5号 Number 5	大阪港→宁波港 Osaka→Ningbo

船号 Ship number	压载水替换港口(按时间顺序排列) Port for replace of ballast water (in order of time)
1号 Number 1	巴尔的摩港→伊塔瓜伊港→乍浦港→吉朗港→波特兰港→阿德莱德港→昂山港 Baltimore→Itaguai→Zhapu→Geelong→Portland→Adelaide→Onsan
2号 Number 2	美国→巴拿马→蔚山港 USA→Panama→Ulsan
3号 Number 3	富查伊拉港→吉赞港→拉文纳港→瑞山港→新加坡→台中港→太仓港→蔚山港 Fujairah→Jizan→Ravenna→Daesan→Singapore→Taichung→Taicang→Ulsan
4号 Number 4	圣洛伦索港→格拉德斯通港 Arslo→Auglt
5号 Number 5	大阪港→宁波港 Osaka→Ningbo

引物 Primer	序列 Sequence (5′-3′)	参考文献 Reference
ITS-F	CCTCGTAACAAGGHTCCGTAGGT	Scholin et al, 1994
ITS-R	CAGATGCTTAARTTCAGCRGG	Scholin et al, 1994
LSU-F	ACCCGCTGAATTTAAGCATA	Adachi et al, 1996
LSU-R	CCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGA	Adachi et al, 1996

引物 Primer	序列 Sequence (5′-3′)	参考文献 Reference
ITS-F	CCTCGTAACAAGGHTCCGTAGGT	Scholin et al, 1994
ITS-R	CAGATGCTTAARTTCAGCRGG	Scholin et al, 1994
LSU-F	ACCCGCTGAATTTAAGCATA	Adachi et al, 1996
LSU-R	CCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGA	Adachi et al, 1996

种名 Species	基因 Gene	GeneBank序列号 Accession number	GeneBank比对序列 Alignment sequence	相似度 Similarity (%)	参考文献 Reference
异常亚历山大藻 Alexandrium insuetum	ITS	MN197893	JF521630	99.81	Orr et al, 2011
锥状斯氏藻 Scrippsiella acuminata	ITS	MN197899	HQ729493	99.54	Zinssmeister et al, 2011
锥状斯氏藻 S. acuminata	ITS	MN197902	HM483396	90.36	Coats et al, 2010
锥状斯氏藻 S. acuminata	ITS	MN200945	HM483396	99.15	Coats et al, 2010
无纹环沟藻 Gymrdinium instriatum	ITS	MN209264	GU477607	99.68	Wang et al, 未发表
网状原角藻 Protoceratium reticulatum	ITS	MN203677	JQ638939	98.60	Herrera et al, 2012
安德森亚历山大藻 A. andersonii	LSU	MN197869	KF034855	100	Gu et al, 2013b
异常斯氏藻 S. enormis	LSU	MN197911	KT804917	100	Gu et al, 2013a
东海斯氏藻 S. donghaiensis	LSU	MN197912	JN982374	100	Zinssmeister et al, 2012
墨西哥易碎藻 Fragilidium mexicanum	LSU	MN203623	KY624505	99.52	Kim & Park, 2017
宽刺原多甲藻 Protoperidinium latissinum	LSU	MN209392	KM591209	91.40	Gu et al, 2015

江阴港口外来船舶压载舱沉积物中甲藻包囊种类及组成

Species composition of dinoflagellates cysts in ballast tank sediments of foreign ships berthed in Jiangyin Port

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种类 Species	1号船 Ship number 1	2号船 Ship number 2	3号船 Ship number 3	4号船 Ship number 4	5号船 Ship number 5
膝沟藻类 Gonyaulacoid group
塔玛亚历山大藻复合种 Alexandrium tamarense species complex	++	+	+	+	++
相关亚历山大藻 Alexandrium affine	++	++	+++	++	++
安德森亚历山大藻 Alexandrium andersonii	++	+		+
异常亚历山大藻 Alexandrium insuetum	+
多边舌甲藻 Lingulodinium polyedrum	+		+	+
网状原角藻 Protoceratium reticulatum	+	+	+	++	+
具刺膝沟藻 Gonyaulax spinifera	+	+	+	++	+
膝沟藻未定种1 Gonyaulax sp. 1	++				+
膝沟藻未定种2 Gonyaulax sp. 2	+			+	+
钙甲藻类 Calcoidinellid group
锥状斯氏藻 Scrippsiella acuminata	++	+	++	+	+++
异常斯氏藻 Scrippsiella enormis					+
东海斯氏藻 Scrippsiella donghaiensis	++			+	+
裸甲藻类 Gymnodinioid group
无纹环沟藻 Gyrodinium instriatum	++				+
翼甲藻类 Diplopsalid group
翼藻类未定种1 Diplopsalid group type 1	+	+		+
翼藻类未定种2 Diplopsalid group type 2	++		+	+	+
墨西哥易碎藻 Fragilidium mexicanum	+			+	+
原多甲藻类 Protoperidinioid group
褐色原多甲藻 Protoperidinium avellana	+	+	+	+	+
安倍原多甲藻 Protoperidinium abei	+	+
美国原多甲藻 Protoperidinium americanum			+		+
菱形原多甲藻 Protoperidinium rhombiforme	+
穿刺原多甲藻 Protoperidinium punctulatum	+	+			+
双尖原多甲藻 Protoperidinium biconicum		+
宽刺原多甲藻 Protoperidinium latissinum	+				+
锥形原多甲藻 Protoperidinium conicum					+
长形原多甲藻 Protoperidinium oblongum	+		+	++	+
窄角原多甲藻 Protoperidinium claudicans		+		+
玛丽雷伯原多甲藻 Protoperidinium marielebourae	+
原多甲藻未定种1 Protoperidinium sp. 1	+				+
原多甲藻未定种2 Protoperidinium sp. 2	+			+
未定种 Unidentified
未定种1 Unknown species 1	+			+
未定种2 Unknown species 2					+++
未定种3 Unknown species 3				+

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