基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种季节性空间利用特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2025435

生物多样性

基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种季节性空间利用特征

张同^1#, 梁力文^2#, 王长剑^3,4, 舒服¹, 王璐⁵, 郭泽光², 卓玛曲珍⁶, 钱芊², 蒋安莉², 敖俊杰¹, 彭兴文¹, 伍小刚², 向左甫³, 郭克疾^1,3*, 廖梓延^2*

1国家林业和草原局中南调查规划院，长沙410000；2中国科学院成都生物研究所，成都610213；3中南林业科技大学，长沙410000；4湖南省农林工业勘察设计研究院有限公司，长沙410000；5中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所，北京100091；6西藏芒康县林业和草原局，西藏昌都854000

收稿日期:2025-11-01 修回日期:2026-02-14 接受日期:2026-04-08
通讯作者: 郭克疾, 廖梓延
基金资助:
2020年西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区生态保护体系建设补助资金生物多样性监测工程(GZFCG2022-7627); 西藏东部金钱豹及其主要猎物种群的多度; 分布和栖息地研究(2020LC-3-04); 怒江流域西藏段陆生生态调查项目(G02514); 国家自然科学基金(32571938); 四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1024)

Camera-trap–based assessment of bird and mammal diversity and seasonal occupancy patterns of representative species in the Xizang Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve, China

Tong Zhang^1#, Liwen Liang^2#, Changjian Wang^3,4, Fu Shu¹, Lu Wang⁵, Zeguang Guo², Quzhen Zhuoma⁶, Qian Qian², Anli Jiang², Junjie Ao¹, Xingwen Peng¹, Xiaogang Wu², Zuofu Xiang³, Keji Guo^1,3*, Ziyan Liao^2*

1 Central South Survey and Planning Institute, National Forestry and Grassland Administration 410000, China

2 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 610213, China

3 Central South University of Forestry and Technology 410000, China

4 Hunan Agriculture and Forestry Industry Survey, Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd. 410000, China

5 Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry 100091, China
6 Forestry and Grassland Administration of Mangkang County, Xizang 854000, China

Received:2025-11-01 Revised:2026-02-14 Accepted:2026-04-08
Contact: Keji Guo, Ziyan Liao

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摸清生物多样性本底是落实以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设的重要基础。为明确西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性现状及其季节性分布特征，我们于2021年12月至2025年7月间，在保护区及周边地区布设了122台红外相机开展连续监测。野外监测共记录到兽类4目12科26种，鸟类8目18科51种，其中包含6种国家一级重点保护野生动物和20种国家二级重点保护野生动物。国家一级重点保护野生动物包括豹(Panthera pardus)、林麝(Moschus berezovskii)、马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)、滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti) 、斑尾榛鸡(Tetrastes sewerzowi)和黄喉雉鹑(Tetraophasis szechenyii)。兽类中相对多度较高的为毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、灰尾兔(Lepus oiostolus)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)和赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)；鸟类为血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)、白马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)和黄喉雉鹑。在此基础上，基于监测数据的完整性与代表性，选取赤狐、中华鬣羚、滇金丝猴、白马鸡和血雉5种代表性物种，采用单季节占域模型分析其季节性空间分布差异。结果表明，不同物种在不同季节的占域率存在明显差异，赤狐四季平均占域率最高(ψ = 0.64)，其次为中华鬣羚(ψ = 0.44)、滇金丝猴(ψ = 0.43)和白马鸡(ψ = 0.43)，血雉的占域率相对较低(ψ = 0.41)。总体来看，各物种的季节性空间利用模式具有明显的物种特异性，其变化与植被条件、地形特征及水源可达性等多种环境因子相关。本研究揭示了西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性现状，并阐明了部分代表性大中型兽类和地栖性鸟类的季节性空间利用格局，可为保护区的生物多样性保护与管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区, 红外相机, 生物多样性, 占域模型

Abstract

Aims: Establishing biodiversity baselines is essential for advancing a national park–centered protected area system in China. This study aims to document bird and mammal diversity in the Xizang Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve and to examine the seasonal spatial occupancy patterns of selected representative species based on long-term camera-trap monitoring.

Methods: From December 2021 to July 2025, a total of 122 infrared camera traps were deployed across the reserve and adjacent areas for continuous wildlife monitoring. Species richness and relative abundance were summarized for all detected birds and mammals. Based on data completeness and representativeness, five representative species, i.e., Vulpes vulpes, Capricornis milneedwardsii, Rhinopithecus bieti, Crossoptilon crossoptilon, and Ithaginis cruentus, were selected for single-season occupancy modeling to evaluate seasonal differences in spatial occupancy and altitudinal habitat use.

Results: The survey recorded 26 mammal species (12 families, 4 orders) and 51 bird species (18 families, 8 orders). Six species were listed as National Class I Protected Wild Animals—Panthera pardus, Moschus berezovskii, Moschus chrysogaster, Rhinopithecus bieti, Tetrastes sewerzowi, and Tetraophasis szechenyii—and 20 species as National Class II Protected Wild Animals. Among mammals, the tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), woolly hare (Lepus oiostolus), Chinese serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) exhibited higher relative abundance. Among birds, Ithaginis cruentus, Crossoptilon crossoptilon, and Tetraophasis szechenyii were dominant. Occupancy probabilities differed significantly among species and seasons. Vulpes vulpes showed the highest mean annual occupancy (ψ = 0.64), followed by Capricornis milneedwardsii (ψ = 0.44), Rhinopithecus bieti (ψ = 0.43), and Crossoptilon crossoptilon (ψ = 0.43), whereas Ithaginis cruentus exhibited relatively lower occupancy (ψ = 0.41).

Conclusions: Overall, seasonal spatial use patterns differed substantially among species, indicating strong species-specific responses. These variations were associated with multiple environmental factors, including vegetation conditions, topographic features, and water availability. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of bird and mammal diversity in the reserve and clarifies the seasonal spatial occupancy patterns of selected representative large- and medium-sized mammals and ground-dwelling birds, offering a robust scientific basis for biodiversity conservation planning and adaptive management within the reserve.

Key words: Xizang Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve, camera trapping, biodiversity, occupancy model

张同, 梁力文, 王长剑, 舒服, 王璐, 郭泽光, 卓玛曲珍, 钱芊, 蒋安莉, 敖俊杰, 彭兴文, 伍小刚, 向左甫, 郭克疾, 廖梓延. 基于红外相机的西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性及代表性物种季节性空间利用特征. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025435.

Tong Zhang, Liwen Liang, Changjian Wang, Fu Shu, Lu Wang, Zeguang Guo, Quzhen Zhuoma, Qian Qian, Anli Jiang, Junjie Ao, Xingwen Peng, Xiaogang Wu, Zuofu Xiang, Keji Guo, Ziyan Liao. Camera-trap–based assessment of bird and mammal diversity and seasonal occupancy patterns of representative species in the Xizang Mangkang Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Nature Reserve, China. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025435.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025435

[1]	朱浩友, 周友兵, 罗怡, 周昭敏. 南充市城区繁殖鸟类群落二十年前后的变化[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 0-.
[2]	侯姝彧, 刘盈盈, 杨锐. 《昆蒙框架》背景下国际OECMs体系构建实践进展及中国化思路[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(3): 25264-.
[3]	程晓帆, 李青媛, 李媛辉, 张明祥. 外来入侵物种治理政策体系的困境与出路[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25332-.
[4]	陈璐露, 汤皓婷, 冷红, 袁青, 杨昕悦. 城市街区建成环境对生物多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25286-.
[5]	高雯琪, 向景荣, 赵耀, 范灵霜, 谷圆, 邵韦涵, 李高俊, 赵光军, 陈明斌, 蔡杏伟, 陈凯. 海南热带雨林国家公园黎母山和尖峰岭溪流鱼类群落特征及其对土地利用的响应[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25374-.
[6]	卢晓强, 芮丹, 张江峰, 尹冰鑫, 王雨露, 岑雨婷, 崔怡晨, 杨万霞. 氮输入驱动的关键生态过程对生物多样性的影响及其管理启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25368-.
[7]	谭廷鸿, 高帆, 杨雨, 肖群英, 吴春芳, 邱娜, 赵宁宁, 周敏, 康公平, 卢志宏, 高健强, 杨红, 杨传东, 邓春英. 中国西南喀斯特地区大型真菌物种编目[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25281-.
[8]	章旭日, 罗标, 赵彤, 黄丹, 艾为明. 浙江鱼类多样性: 编目、分布与保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25225-.
[9]	刘海鸥, 郝志明, 杜乐山, 刘文慧, 李子圆, 刘蕾. 全球生物多样性框架基金运行进展、挑战与启示[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25463-.
[10]	谢将剑, 朱梦坤, 蒋爱伍, 肖治术. 聆听生物多样性的未来: 声景自动评估方法的局限性与发展方向[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(2): 25296-.
[11]	邹怡. α多样性指数选择: 不等量采样下的模拟比较[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25278-.
[12]	王也, 王茜璐, 关婧, 王迎. 《生物多样性公约》现行资金机制及其替代方案[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25353-.
[13]	杨方义, 靳彤, 申小莉, 张立, 杨彪. 生物多样性公益捐赠对《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》的贡献[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25269-.
[14]	田璐瑶, 尹豪. 国外生物多样性抵消研究现状和对策[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25187-.
[15]	蒙仁嘉, 秦涛, 汤心萌. 企业生物多样性保护驱动路径与模式[J]. 生物多样性, 2026, 34(1): 25246-.