东北亚地区大型真菌物种多样性编目

doi:10.17520/biods.2026230

生物多样性

东北亚地区大型真菌物种多样性编目

王宇博¹, 武崇高¹, 朱桐¹, 崔云龙¹, 张宝华¹, 刁桂萍^1,2*

1.东北林业大学林学院，哈尔滨 150040; 2. 东北林业大学东北亚生物多样性研究中心，哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2026-06-16 修回日期:2026-08-25
通讯作者: 刁桂萍

An inventory of macrofungal species diversity in Northeast Asia

Yubo Wang¹, Chonggao Wu¹, Tong Zhu¹, Yunlong Cui¹, Baohua Zhang¹, Guiping Diao^1,2*

1 College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040

2 Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040

Received:2026-06-16 Revised:2026-08-25
Contact: Guiping Diao

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为厘清东北亚地区大型真菌资源现状，弥补数据零散、同物异名等不足，本研究通过整合国内外核心期刊以及权威数据库的资料，结合团队2022–2025年对我国东北地区大型真菌的实地踏查数据，汇编了东北亚地区大型真菌物种名录，并从物种组成、区域共有成分和科属区系组成三方面进行分析。结果表明：该名录共收录大型真菌2门10纲43目223科1,115属6,731种28变种，其中，担子菌门占物种总数的85.92%，子囊菌门占14.08%；物种数量的区域分布差异显著，中国东北地区（3,678种2变种）物种数最多，俄罗斯远东地区（2,934种2变种）、日本列岛（2,894种14变种）次之，韩国（2,161种10变种）较少，蒙古国（473种）物种数最少。五个区域在种、属、科、目四阶元上共有类群的占比逐级升高（3.54%、16.32%、39.91%、44.19%），低阶元的区域特有物种占比较高；相邻地区共有物种的占比更高，远距离区域共有类群偏少；中国东北地区、俄罗斯远东地区和日本列岛的特有物种资源丰富。科属区系组成方面，32个大科（占总科数14.35%）囊括67.62%的物种，334个大属（占总属数3.05%）包含40.67%的物种，寡种科、单种科与寡种属、单种属的数量庞大但物种占比偏低。本研究数据收录截至2025年12月31日，该名录可为东北亚地区大型真菌的物种保护、资源开发及后续区系研究提供基础数据支撑，后续将持续更新完善名录。

关键词: 东北亚地区, 大型真菌名录, 物种多样性, 物种编目, 区系组成

Abstract

Aims: To clarify the current status of macrofungi resources in Northeast Asia and to address the deficiencies of scattered data and synonyms.

Methods: By integrating data from domestic and international core journals and authoritative databases, and combining with our team’s field survey data on macrofungi in Northeast China from 2022 to 2025, we compiled and constructed a species checklist of macrofungi in Northeast Asia, and analyzed it from three aspects: species composition, regional common taxa, and familial and generic floristic composition.

Results: The results showed that the checklist recorded a total of 6,731 species and 28 varieties belonging to 2 phyla, 10 classes, 43 orders, 223 families, and 1,115 genera, among which Basidiomycota accounted for 85.92% of the total species and Ascomycota accounted for 14.08%. The regional distribution of species richness was significantly different, with Northeast China having the most (3,678 species, 2 varieties), followed by the Russian Far East (2,934 species and 2 varieties) and Japan (2,894 species and 14 varieties), while the Republic of Korea had fewer species (2,161 species and 10 varieties) and Mongolia the lowest (473 species). The proportion of common taxa increased progressively from species to order levels among the five regions (3.54%, 16.32%, 39.91%, and 44.19%), and the proportion of regional endemic species was higher at lower taxonomic ranks. Adjacent regions shared a higher proportion of common species, while distant regions shared fewer common taxa. The endemic species in Northeast China, the Russian Far East, and Japan were abundant. In terms of floristic composition at the family and genus levels, 32 dominant families (14.35% of total families) encompassed 67.62% of the species, and 334 dominant genera (3.05% of total genera) contained 40.67% of the species, while the numbers of oligotypic and monotypic families and genera, and monotypic genera were large but their species proportions were relatively low.

Conclusion: All data compiled in this study were collected up to December 31, 2025. The checklist provides fundamental data support for species conservation, resource development, and subsequent floristic research on macrofungi in Northeast Asia, and this inventory will be regularly updated and refined in the future.

Key words: Northeast Asia, macrofungi, species diversity, species checklist, floristic composition

王宇博, 武崇高, 朱桐, 崔云龙, 张宝华, 刁桂萍. 东北亚地区大型真菌物种多样性编目. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026230.

Yubo Wang, Chonggao Wu, Tong Zhu, Yunlong Cui, Baohua Zhang, Guiping Diao. An inventory of macrofungal species diversity in Northeast Asia. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026230.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026230

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