生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 26132.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026132

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

福建东山湾潮间带中国鲎幼鲎种群动态及育幼场生境特征

潘杭钊1, 翁朝红1*, 王家樵1*, 陈柏成1, 吉芬芬1, 谢仰杰1, 李军1, Kit Yue Kwan1, 宋海洋1, 叶坤1, 陈志2, 李渊3   

  1. 1. 福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 集美大学水产学院，福建 厦门 361021; 2. 福建省淡水水产研究所, 福建 福州 350002; 3. 自然资源部第三海洋研究所, 福建 厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-13 修回日期:2026-06-29 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 翁朝红, 王家樵
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2401404); 福建省自然基金项目(2024J01706)

Population dynamics and nursery habitat characteristics of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus in the intertidal zone of Dongshan Bay, Fujian Province

Hangzhao Pan1, Zhaohong Weng1*, Jiaqiao Wang1*, Baicheng Chen1, Fenfen Ji1, YangJie Xie1, Jun Li1, Kit Yue Kwan1, Haiyang Song1, Kun Ye1, Zhi Chen2, Yuan Li3   

  1. 1 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China 2 Fujian Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China 3 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
  • Received:2026-04-13 Revised:2026-06-29 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-10-10
  • Contact: ZhaoHong Weng, Jiaqiao Wang
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2401404); Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(2024J01706)

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摘要： 中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)为濒危海洋节肢动物，其1–12龄左右幼体阶段生活于潮间带泥沙质滩涂。为评估福建东山湾中国鲎幼鲎种群现状及生境质量，对东山湾沿岸滩涂开展幼鲎种群和育幼场分布调查，并于2021年8月至2025年6月对列屿镇山前海滩开展10次季节性调查，采用断面扫描法和核密度估计分析幼鲎空间分布，并结合底质粒径与大型底栖动物群落特征比较幼鲎不同密度区生境差异。结果表明：东山湾仅山前海滩仍具育幼功能，幼鲎密度为0–0.1536 ind./100 m2，整体处于较低水平；3–12龄，6–9龄的个体在各年份中均占较高比例，年龄结构不稳定。幼鲎不同密度区底质粒径组成差异显著，高密度区以低砾石相对高粉砂比例的砂质底质为特征；高、中密度区的大型底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数及均匀度指数均显著高于低密度区，但密度与生物量差异不显著；群落结构间差异显著，但差异主要由红简沙蚕、古氏滩栖螺等少数优势种的丰度变化导致。结果表明，幼鲎分布格局与底质结构及底栖动物群落特征存在密切关联。建议优先保护山前海滩北区核心育幼区，控制人为干扰，并对育幼场及周边环境开展综合评估，在科学指导下实施增殖放流以促进种群长期恢复。本研究可为中国鲎育幼场保护和生态修复奠定理论基础。

关键词: 东山湾, 中国鲎, 幼鲎种群, 育幼场生境, 底质粒径, 大型底栖动物

Abstract

Aim: The juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus is an endangered marine arthropod whose juveniles, generally ranging from instars 1 to 12, inhabit intertidal sand-mud flats. This study aimed to assess the population status of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus and characterize the habitat conditions of its nursery grounds in Dongshan Bay, Fujian, China. 

Methods: Surveys on the distribution of juvenile populations and nursery grounds were conducted along the coastal tidal flats of Dongshan Bay. Ten seasonal surveys were carried out at Shanqian Beach, Lieyu Town, from August 2021 to June 2025. Intertidal transect surveys combined with kernel density estimation were used to analyze the spatial distribution of juveniles. Sediment grain-size composition and macrobenthic community characteristics were compared among zones with different juvenile densities. 

Results: Shanqian Beach was the only remaining functional nursery ground identified in Dongshan Bay. Juvenile density ranged from 0.0096 to 0.1536 ind./100 m2, indicating an overall low population density. Juveniles ranged from instar 3 to instar 12, with instars 6–9 accounting for a relatively large proportion of the population across survey years, indicating temporal variation in instar structure. Sediment grain-size composition differed significantly among density zones; high-density zones were characterized by sandy substrates with low gravel content and relatively higher silt content. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou evenness index of macrobenthos were significantly higher in high- and medium-density zones than in the low-density zones, whereas macrobenthic density and biomass did not differ significantly among zones. Macrobenthic community composition differed significantly among density zones, but this differentiation was primarily driven by variations in the abundance of a few dominant species, such as Simplisetia erythraeensis and Batillaria cumingi. 

Conclusion: The spatial distribution of juvenile T. tridentatus was related to sediment characteristics and macrobenthic community composition. We recommend prioritizing the protection of the core nursery zone in the northern part of Shanqian Beach, controlling anthropogenic disturbances, conducting comprehensive assessments of the nursery ground and its surrounding environment, and implementing scientifically guided stock enhancement and release to promote long-term population recovery. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and ecological restoration of nursery habitats of the Chinese horseshoe crab.

Key words: Dongshan Bay, Tachypleus tridentatus, juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus population, nursery habitat, sediment grain size, macrobenthos

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