基于红外相机技术的天津城市地栖哺乳动物昼夜活动节律评价

doi:10.17520/biods.2023369

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 23369. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023369 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023369

• 研究报告 • 下一篇

基于红外相机技术的天津城市地栖哺乳动物昼夜活动节律评价

卢佳玉¹, 石小亿¹, 多立安¹, 王天明²^,³(), 李治霖¹^,^*()()

1.天津师范大学生命科学学院天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室, 天津 300387
2.生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875
3.北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2023-10-04 接受日期:2024-04-20 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-07-11
通讯作者: *E-mail: lizhilin0319@tjnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101700);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100702);北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(K202304)

Circadian rhythms of urban terrestrial mammals in Tianjin based on camera trapping method

Jiayu Lu¹, Xiaoyi Shi¹, Li’an Duo¹, Tianming Wang²^,³(), Zhilin Li¹^,^*()()

1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering, Beijing 100875, China
3 College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2023-10-04 Accepted:2024-04-20 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-07-11
Contact: *E-mail: lizhilin0319@tjnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China(2019FY101700);National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Program of China(2021FY100702);Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education(K202304)

1. 附录.pdf(297KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化进程可导致自然栖息地大量丧失和破碎化, 继而影响野生动物的活动节律和生态位关系。因此对各物种活动节律和生态位关系的精准评价是理解城市生物多样性维持机制的关键基础。为探究地栖哺乳动物昼夜活动节律以及物种之间的时间生态位关系, 作者于2019年11月至2021年11月在天津城镇区域架设60台红外相机进行调查。本研究从平均活动时间、聚集度、方差、活跃度水平和活动属性等角度评价了狗(Canis lupus)、猫(Felis catus)、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、东北刺猬(Erinaceus europaeus)、蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)和亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)等物种的昼夜活动特征, 同时使用核密度分析评价了物种的时间生态位重叠程度, 并利用广义加性模型探究城市化水平对时间生态位重叠系数的影响趋势。本研究共获得有效相机监测天数11,517天, 监测到地栖哺乳动物独立事件数2,428个。结果表明, 狗表现出偏昼行性活动特征; 黄鼬、东北刺猬和亚洲狗獾表现出夜行性或偏夜行性活动特征, 猫和蒙古兔则为间歇性活动。蒙古兔表现出最高的活跃度水平(0.68, 95% CI: 0.56–0.73), 亚洲狗獾的活跃度水平最低(0.40, 95% CI: 0.29–0.44)。80%的物种对表现出高度的时间生态位重叠, 但物种在昼夜活动的时间分配上均存在显著差异。猫-黄鼬表现出最高的时间生态位重叠程度($\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}{\Delta }$= 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.93), 狗-东北刺猬的时间生态位重叠程度最低($\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}{\Delta }$= 0.35, 95% CI: 0.31–0.40)。猫-东北刺猬、东北刺猬-蒙古兔的时间生态位重叠系数与城市化水平呈现线性正相关关系, 狗-东北刺猬的时间生态位重叠系数随城市化水平增加表现出先上升后下降的非线性趋势。本研究首次对天津城镇区域地栖哺乳动物的昼夜活动节律进行了系统性分析, 研究结果表明各物种昼夜活动节律存在较高的异质性, 同时揭示了物种时间生态位关系对城市化水平具有多响应模式。本研究有助于解析我国城镇景观野生动物的区域共存机制, 同时可以为城市野生动物的保护和管理提供基础性参考。

关键词: 城市化, 红外相机技术, 地栖哺乳动物, 昼夜活动节律, 时间生态位关系

Abstract

Aims: In light of the profound impact of urbanization on wildlife habitats, understanding the circadian activity patterns and ecological dynamics of urban terrestrial mammals is crucial for biodiversity conservation.

Methods: This study employed 60 camera traps from November 2019 to November 2021 across urban areas of Tianjin, China, to assess the circadian rhythms and temporal overlaps of key terrestrial mammal species, such as dogs (Canis lupus), cats (Felis catus), Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), Amur hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), Tolai hares (Lepus tolai) and Asian badgers (Meles leucurus). Various circadian rhythm indices, including mean vector, concentration, circular variance, activity level, and attributes, were utilized alongside kernel density estimation to determine temporal overlaps. Additionally, the study employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the influence of urbanization level on temporal overlap coefficients.

Results: With a sampling effort totaling 11,517 camera nights and 2,428 independent terrestrial mammal detections, the study revealed diverse activity patterns. Dogs were predominantly diurnal, while Siberian weasels, Amur hedgehogs, and Asian badgers exhibited nocturnal tendencies. Cats and Tolai hares displayed cathemeral behavior. Tolai hares exhibited the highest activity level (0.68, 95% CI: 0.56–0.73), whereas Asian badgers displayed the lowest (0.40, 95% CI: 0.29–0.44). Despite substantial (80%) temporal niche overlaps, according to the Mardia-Watson-Wheeler test results, significant differences were observed in diurnal activity patterns among species. For instance, cats and Siberian weasels demonstrated the highest temporal overlaps ($\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}{\Delta }$= 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.93), while dogs and Amur hedgehogs exhibited the lowest ($\overset{\scriptscriptstyle\frown}{\Delta }$= 0.35, 95% CI: 0.31–0.40). Moreover, the temporal niche overlap of cats-hedgehogs and hedgehogs-hares correlated positively with urbanization levels. In contrast, the overlap coefficient of dogs-hedgehogs showed a non-linear trend with the urbanization level.

Conclusion: This pioneering study offers a systematic analysis of circadian rhythms in terrestrial mammals in urban areas of Tianjin, China. Findings underscore the considerable heterogeneity in circadian behaviors across mammalian species and unveil a nuanced multi-response model depicting temporal overlaps in response to urbanization levels. These insights contribute to understanding wildlife coexistence mechanisms within urban landscapes, and offer valuable guidance for the conservation and management of urban wildlife in China.

Key words: urbanization, camera trapping method, terrestrial mammals, circadian rhythm, temporal correlations

卢佳玉, 石小亿, 多立安, 王天明, 李治霖 (2024) 基于红外相机技术的天津城市地栖哺乳动物昼夜活动节律评价. 生物多样性, 32, 23369. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023369.

Jiayu Lu, Xiaoyi Shi, Li’an Duo, Tianming Wang, Zhilin Li (2024) Circadian rhythms of urban terrestrial mammals in Tianjin based on camera trapping method. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23369. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023369.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023369

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I8/23369

图/表 5

图1 天津市红外相机监测位点分布图

Fig. 1 Distribution of camera trap sites in Tianjin

表1 天津市地栖哺乳动物活动节律指标统计

Table 1 Statistics of activity rhythm of terrestrial mammals in Tianjin

物种 Species	平均活动时间 Mean vector	聚集度 Concentration	方差 Variance (S²)	活跃度水平 Activity level	夜晚观测数 Night observations	总事件数 Total events	β指数 Beta index	活动属性 Activity attribute
狗 Canis lupus	13:10 (12:11-14:09)	0.60	0.72	0.40 (0.33-0.48)	85	339	25%	偏昼行性 Mostly diurnal
猫 Felis silvestris	22:02 (20:54-23:10)	0.41	0.80	0.67 (0.55-0.73)	330	527	63%	间歇性 Cathemeral
黄鼬 Mustela sibirica	23:05 (21:57-00:13)	0.66	0.69	0.53 (0.41-0.60)	161	212	76%	偏夜行性 Mostly nocturnal
东北刺猬 Erinaceus amurensis	00:19 (23:59-00:40)	1.24	0.47	0.43 (0.37-0.47)	661	723	91%	夜行性 Nocturnal
蒙古兔 Lepus tolai	00:40 (23:07-02:13)	0.30	0.85	0.68 (0.56-0.73)	319	530	60%	间歇性 Cathemeral
亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus	23:31 (22:50-00:11)	1.86	0.33	0.40 (0.29-0.44)	96	97	99%	夜行性 Nocturnal

图2 天津市6种地栖哺乳动物活动节律玫瑰直方图

Fig. 2 Rose diagrams of circadian rhythms for six terrestrial mammals in Tianjin

图3 天津市6种地栖哺乳动物活动节律重叠图及重叠系数。*表示两物种昼夜尺度活动节律存在显著性差异。

Fig. 3 Overlap of activity patterns and the overlap coefficients between six terrestrial mammals in Tianjin. * indicates significant difference in circadian patterns.

图4 城市化水平对地栖哺乳动物时间生态位重叠的影响。括号中数字表示时间生态位重叠系数对城市化水平的最佳响应尺度。

Fig. 4 The influence of urbanization level on temporal overlap between terrestrial mammals. The number inside the brackets indicate the optimal scale of the temporal overlap to the urbanization level.

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基于红外相机技术的天津城市地栖哺乳动物昼夜活动节律评价

Circadian rhythms of urban terrestrial mammals in Tianjin based on camera trapping method

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