湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性及其地理分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2021290

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 21290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021290

湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性及其地理分布

高志伟¹, 钱天宇¹, 江建平², 侯德佳¹, 邓学建³, 杨道德¹^,^*()

1.中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所, 长沙 410004
2.中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041
3.湖南师范大学生命科学学院, 长沙 410081

收稿日期:2021-07-22 接受日期:2021-12-12 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 杨道德
作者简介:*E-mail: csfuyydd@126.com
基金资助:
国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护司《全国第二次陆生野生动物资源常规调查》项目和生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)

Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China

Zhiwei Gao¹, Tianyu Qian¹, Jianping Jiang², Dejia Hou¹, Xuejian Deng³, Daode Yang¹^,^*()

1 Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004
2 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041
3 College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081

Received:2021-07-22 Accepted:2021-12-12 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-02-28
Contact: Daode Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种多样性及其地理分布是制定野生动物保护对策的重要依据。两栖、爬行动物在生物演化的历史上占据着重要地位, 又是脊椎动物分类体系变动较大的类群。为了掌握湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性现状, 促进湖南省生物多样性保护和野生动物管理工作, 我们参考分类学及分子生物系统学的最新研究成果, 系统地收集了近10多年来有关湖南省两栖、爬行动物分类的文献资料, 结合团队长期以来的野外调查数据, 对湖南省两栖、爬行动物名录进行了整理与更新(截止到2021年10月31日)。结果表明: 湖南省已记录两栖动物2目10科30属86种(含亚种), 爬行动物2目22科55属105种(含亚种), 其中中国特有种分别有62种和30种, 湖南省特有种分别有10种和4种。列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》(2021)的两栖动物有11种, 爬行动物有10种; 列为《中国生物多样性红色名录》(2021)受威胁等级的两栖动物有20种, 爬行动物有30种。此外, 湖南省两栖、爬行动物区系特征明显, 以东洋界种类为主(81.2%), 广布种较少(18.8%), 无古北界种。在地理分布上, 湘南山地丘陵区、湘西北山地区是湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种丰富度较高的地区。

关键词: 两栖动物, 爬行动物, 物种编目, 名录修订, 地理分布, 国家重点保护野生动物, 湖南省

Abstract

Aims: Species diversity and geographical distribution are important bases for the formulation of wildlife protection strategies. Amphibians and reptiles occupy an important position in the history of biological evolution and are taxa whose phylogenetic classifications have changed greatly. The purpose of this paper is to understand the status of amphibian and reptile species diversity in Hunan Province, and to promote the conservation of biodiversity and wildlife management in Hunan Province.

Methods: We have systematically collected literature on the classification of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province for more than 10 years. With reference to the latest research results of taxonomy and molecular biosystems, combined with the team’s long-term field survey data, we organized and updated the list of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province (as of October 31, 2021).

Results: The results indicated that: 86 species (including subspecies) of 30 genera, 10 families, 2 orders of amphibians and 105 species (including subspecies) of 55 genera, 22 families, 2 orders of reptiles have been recorded in Hunan Province. Among them, 62 species of amphibians and 30 species of reptiles are endemic to China, and 10 species of amphibians and 4 species of reptiles are endemic to Hunan Province. 11 species of amphibians and 10 species of reptiles have been listed in List of National Key Protected Wild Animals (2021), and 20 species of amphibians and 30 species of reptiles are listed as threatened in the China’s Red List of Biodiversity (2021). Additionally, according to the animal geographical regions of China, 155 species are Oriental, while 36 species are considered widely distributed, and there are no Palaearctic species.

Conclusion: Based on the above results, the amphibians and reptiles of Hunan Province have obvious characteristics, with the Oriental species dominating (81.2%), less widespread species (18.8%), and no Palaearctic species. In terms of geographical distribution, the abundance of amphibian and reptile species is high in the mountainous and hilly areas in southern Hunan Province and the mountain area in northwestern Hunan Province.

Key words: amphibians, reptiles, species inventory, list revisions, geographical distribution, National Key Protected Wild Animal, Hunan Province

高志伟, 钱天宇, 江建平, 侯德佳, 邓学建, 杨道德 (2022) 湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性及其地理分布. 生物多样性, 30, 21290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021290.

Zhiwei Gao, Tianyu Qian, Jianping Jiang, Dejia Hou, Xuejian Deng, Daode Yang (2022) Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021290.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021290

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I2/21290

图/表 4

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类别 Category	种名 Species	采集地 Locality	参考文献 References
两栖纲 Amphibia
新种 New species	吴氏肥螈 Pachytriton wuguanfui	道县 Daoxian County	Yuan et al, 2016
	珀普短腿蟾 Megophrys popei	炎陵县 Yanling County	Zhao et al, 2014
	陈氏角蟾 Megophrys cheni	炎陵县 Yanling County	Wang et al, 2014
	林氏角蟾 Megophrys lini	炎陵县 Yanling County	Wang et al, 2014
	舜皇角蟾 Megophrys shunhuangensis	新宁县 Xinning County	Wang L et al, 2019
	幕阜山角蟾 Megophrys mufumontana	平江县 Pingjiang County	Wang J et al, 2019a
	南岭角蟾 Megophrys nanlingensis	宜章县 Yizhang County	Wang J et al, 2019a
	湘南角蟾 Megophrys xiangnanensis	双牌县 Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2020b
	阳明山角蟾 Megophrys yangmingensis	双牌县 Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2020b
	莽山掌突蟾 Leptobrachella mangshanensis	宜章县 Yizhang County	Hou et al, 2018
	武陵掌突蟾 Leptobrachella wulingensis	武陵源区、永定区 Wulingyuan District, Yongding District	Qian et al, 2020
	九岭山林蛙 Rana jiulingensis	浏阳市、平江县 Liuyang City, Pingjiang County	Wan et al, 2020
	中华湍蛙 Amolops sinensis	南岳区、双牌县 Nanyue District, Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2019
	湘琴蛙 Nidirana xiangica	浏阳市、双牌县 Liuyang City, Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2020a
	粤琴蛙 Nidrana guangdongensis	桂东县 Guidong County	Lyu et al, 2020a
	桑植臭蛙 Odorrana sangzhiensis	桑植县 Sangzhi County	Zhang et al, 2021
	广东纤树蛙 Gracixalus guangdongensis	宜章县 Yizhang County	Wang et al, 2018
新记录种 New record species	龙胜臭蛙 Odorrana lungshengensis	绥宁县 Suining County	Liu et al, 2018
	红吸盘棱皮树蛙 Theloderma rhododiscus	宜章县 Yizhang County	Hou et al, 2017
	侏树蛙 Zhangixalus minimus	宜章县 Yizhang County	Zhang et al, 2018
爬行纲 Reptilia
新种或新亚种 New species or subspecies	都庞岭半叶趾虎 Hemiphyllodactylus dupanglingensis	道县 Daoxian County	Zhang et al, 2020
	广西棱蜥洪江亚种 Tropidophorus guangxiensis hongjiangensis	洪江市 Hongjiang City	Guo et al, 2021
	桑植腹链蛇 Hebius sangzhiensis	桑植县 Sangzhi County	Zhou et al, 2019
	赵氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis zhaoermii	古丈县 Guzhang County	Ren et al, 2017
新记录种 New record species	四川华蝮 Trimeresurus sichuanensis	石门县 Shimen County	Unpublished data
新记录种 New record species	刘氏白环蛇 Lycodon liuchengchaoi	石门县 Shimen County	Bai et al, 2018

类别 Category	种名 Species	采集地 Locality	参考文献 References
两栖纲 Amphibia
新种 New species	吴氏肥螈 Pachytriton wuguanfui	道县 Daoxian County	Yuan et al, 2016
	珀普短腿蟾 Megophrys popei	炎陵县 Yanling County	Zhao et al, 2014
	陈氏角蟾 Megophrys cheni	炎陵县 Yanling County	Wang et al, 2014
	林氏角蟾 Megophrys lini	炎陵县 Yanling County	Wang et al, 2014
	舜皇角蟾 Megophrys shunhuangensis	新宁县 Xinning County	Wang L et al, 2019
	幕阜山角蟾 Megophrys mufumontana	平江县 Pingjiang County	Wang J et al, 2019a
	南岭角蟾 Megophrys nanlingensis	宜章县 Yizhang County	Wang J et al, 2019a
	湘南角蟾 Megophrys xiangnanensis	双牌县 Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2020b
	阳明山角蟾 Megophrys yangmingensis	双牌县 Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2020b
	莽山掌突蟾 Leptobrachella mangshanensis	宜章县 Yizhang County	Hou et al, 2018
	武陵掌突蟾 Leptobrachella wulingensis	武陵源区、永定区 Wulingyuan District, Yongding District	Qian et al, 2020
	九岭山林蛙 Rana jiulingensis	浏阳市、平江县 Liuyang City, Pingjiang County	Wan et al, 2020
	中华湍蛙 Amolops sinensis	南岳区、双牌县 Nanyue District, Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2019
	湘琴蛙 Nidirana xiangica	浏阳市、双牌县 Liuyang City, Shuangpai County	Lyu et al, 2020a
	粤琴蛙 Nidrana guangdongensis	桂东县 Guidong County	Lyu et al, 2020a
	桑植臭蛙 Odorrana sangzhiensis	桑植县 Sangzhi County	Zhang et al, 2021
	广东纤树蛙 Gracixalus guangdongensis	宜章县 Yizhang County	Wang et al, 2018
新记录种 New record species	龙胜臭蛙 Odorrana lungshengensis	绥宁县 Suining County	Liu et al, 2018
	红吸盘棱皮树蛙 Theloderma rhododiscus	宜章县 Yizhang County	Hou et al, 2017
	侏树蛙 Zhangixalus minimus	宜章县 Yizhang County	Zhang et al, 2018
爬行纲 Reptilia
新种或新亚种 New species or subspecies	都庞岭半叶趾虎 Hemiphyllodactylus dupanglingensis	道县 Daoxian County	Zhang et al, 2020
	广西棱蜥洪江亚种 Tropidophorus guangxiensis hongjiangensis	洪江市 Hongjiang City	Guo et al, 2021
	桑植腹链蛇 Hebius sangzhiensis	桑植县 Sangzhi County	Zhou et al, 2019
	赵氏后棱蛇 Opisthotropis zhaoermii	古丈县 Guzhang County	Ren et al, 2017
新记录种 New record species	四川华蝮 Trimeresurus sichuanensis	石门县 Shimen County	Unpublished data
新记录种 New record species	刘氏白环蛇 Lycodon liuchengchaoi	石门县 Shimen County	Bai et al, 2018

动物地理区 Zoogeographic region	东洋界种数 No. of Oriental species (%)							广布种数 No. of widely- distributed species (%)	合计 Total
动物地理区 Zoogeographic region	华中区 Central China	华南区 South China	西南区 Southwest China	华中-华南区 Central & South China	华中-西南区 Central & Southwest China	华南-西南区 South & Southwest China	华中-华南- 西南区 Central & South & Southwest China	广布种数 No. of widely- distributed species (%)	合计 Total
湘西北山地区 Mountain area in northwestern Hunan Province	22(20.4)	1(0.9)	2(1.9)	22(20.4)	8(7.4)	0(0.0)	21(19.4)	32(29.6)	108
湘西山地区 Mountain area in western Hunan Province	10(11.5)	1(1.1)	2(2.3)	27(31.0)	2(2.3)	1(1.1)	15(17.2)	29(33.3)	87
湘南山地丘陵区 Mountainous and hilly areas in southern Hunan Province	24(17.4)	3(2.2)	0(0.0)	53(38.4)	3(2.2)	0(0.0)	22(15.9)	32(23.9)	138
湘东山地丘陵区 Mountainous and hilly areas in eastern Hunan Province	8(13.6)	1(1.7)	0(0.0)	15(25.4)	1(1.7)	0(0.0)	10(16.9)	24(40.7)	59
湘中丘陵区 Hilly area in central Hunan Province	5(6.0)	1(1.2)	0(0.0)	27(32.1)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	21(25.0)	30(35.7)	84
湘北洞庭湖平原区 Dongting Lake plain in northern Hunan Province	3(7.5)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	9(22.5)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	6(15.0)	22(55.0)	40
合计 Total	51(26.7)	3(1.6)	2(1.0)	62(32.5)	8(4.2)	1(0.5)	28(14.7)	36(18.8)	191

动物地理区 Zoogeographic region	东洋界种数 No. of Oriental species (%)							广布种数 No. of widely- distributed species (%)	合计 Total
动物地理区 Zoogeographic region	华中区 Central China	华南区 South China	西南区 Southwest China	华中-华南区 Central & South China	华中-西南区 Central & Southwest China	华南-西南区 South & Southwest China	华中-华南- 西南区 Central & South & Southwest China	广布种数 No. of widely- distributed species (%)	合计 Total
湘西北山地区 Mountain area in northwestern Hunan Province	22(20.4)	1(0.9)	2(1.9)	22(20.4)	8(7.4)	0(0.0)	21(19.4)	32(29.6)	108
湘西山地区 Mountain area in western Hunan Province	10(11.5)	1(1.1)	2(2.3)	27(31.0)	2(2.3)	1(1.1)	15(17.2)	29(33.3)	87
湘南山地丘陵区 Mountainous and hilly areas in southern Hunan Province	24(17.4)	3(2.2)	0(0.0)	53(38.4)	3(2.2)	0(0.0)	22(15.9)	32(23.9)	138
湘东山地丘陵区 Mountainous and hilly areas in eastern Hunan Province	8(13.6)	1(1.7)	0(0.0)	15(25.4)	1(1.7)	0(0.0)	10(16.9)	24(40.7)	59
湘中丘陵区 Hilly area in central Hunan Province	5(6.0)	1(1.2)	0(0.0)	27(32.1)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	21(25.0)	30(35.7)	84
湘北洞庭湖平原区 Dongting Lake plain in northern Hunan Province	3(7.5)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	9(22.5)	0(0.0)	0(0.0)	6(15.0)	22(55.0)	40
合计 Total	51(26.7)	3(1.6)	2(1.0)	62(32.5)	8(4.2)	1(0.5)	28(14.7)	36(18.8)	191

种名 Species	国家重点保护野生动物名录 List of National Key Protected Wild Animals	CITES附录 CITES Appendix	濒危等级Endangerment categories
两栖纲 Amphibia
挂榜山小鲵 Hynobius guabangshanensis	I		CR
黄斑拟小鲵 Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus	II		VU
大鲵 Andrias davidianus	II	I	CR
宽脊疣螈 Tylototriton broadoridgus	II	II	NT
莽山疣螈 Tylototriton lizhenchangi	II	II	VU
浏阳疣螈 Tylototriton liuyangensis	II	II	DD
尾斑瘰螈 Paramesotriton caudopunctatus	II	II	VU
富钟瘰螈 Paramesotriton fuzhongensis	II	II	VU
峨眉髭蟾 Leptobrachium boringii	II		EN
雷山髭蟾 Leptobrachium leishanense	II		VU
虎纹蛙 Hoplobatrachus chinensis	II		EN
爬行纲 Reptilia
砂鳖 Pelodiscus axenaria		II	EN
小鳖 Pelodiscus parviformis		II	EN
平胸龟 Platysternon megacephalum	II	I	CR
黄缘闭壳龟 Cuora flavomarginata	II	II	CR
黄喉拟水龟 Mauremys mutica	II	II	EN
乌龟 Mauremys reevesii	II		EN
眼斑水龟 Sacalia bealei	II	II	EN
脆蛇蜥 Dopasia harti	II		EN
细脆蛇蜥 Dopasia gracilis	II		EN
井冈山脊蛇 Achalinus jinggangensis	II		CR
莽山原矛头蝮 Protobothrops mangshanensis	I	II	CR
舟山眼镜蛇 Naja atra		II	VU
眼镜王蛇 Ophiophagus hannah	II	II	EN
滑鼠蛇 Ptyas mucosa		II	EN

湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性及其地理分布

Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China

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