生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 21282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021282
黄正良1,2, 刘翰伦1,2, 储诚进1,3, 李远智1,3,*()
收稿日期:
2021-07-14
接受日期:
2021-09-15
出版日期:
2022-02-20
发布日期:
2022-02-28
通讯作者:
李远智
作者简介:
*E-mail: liyuanzhi@mail.sysu.edu.cn基金资助:
Zhengliang Huang1,2, Hanlun Liu1,2, Chengjin Chu1,3, Yuanzhi Li1,3,*()
Received:
2021-07-14
Accepted:
2021-09-15
Online:
2022-02-20
Published:
2022-02-28
Contact:
Yuanzhi Li
摘要:
生物间的竞争关系是决定群落中物种共存和生物多样性的关键因素。传统研究主要关注物种两两之间的竞争作用, 而对多物种相互竞争形成的网络研究相对较少。近年来, 类似于“石头-剪刀-布”游戏的非传递性竞争被认为是一种重要的物种共存和生物多样性的维持机制, 越来越受到生态学家们的关注。本文首先回顾了非传递性竞争定义的发展过程, 并介绍了非传递环的不同结构。其次介绍了基于竞争结局矩阵以及入侵增长率的非传递性竞争度量指标, 并对比不同指标的特点与适用情形。随后通过多个研究实例介绍了非传递性竞争在自然群落中的普遍性, 并指明物种之间的权衡是非传递性竞争产生的生物学机制。最后介绍了非传递性竞争对生物多样性与生态系统功能的影响。非传递性竞争本质上是物种两两之间相互作用的组合, 是只包含单一作用类型的特殊网络结构。因此, 非传递性竞争如何影响生物多样性-生态系统功能关系和群落稳定性, 如何受到环境与高阶相互作用的影响, 以及如何将竞争网络拓展到包含不同相互作用类型的生态网络, 将是未来非传递性竞争研究的重要方向。对非传递性竞争的研究有助于整合生物间的各种相互作用, 构建更加现实合理的生态网络, 并加深对物种共存和生物多样性维持机制的认识, 进而有助于指导生物多样性的保护和恢复工作。
黄正良, 刘翰伦, 储诚进, 李远智 (2022) 生物间非传递性竞争研究进展. 生物多样性, 30, 21282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021282.
Zhengliang Huang, Hanlun Liu, Chengjin Chu, Yuanzhi Li (2022) Advances in intransitive competition between organisms. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021282.
图1 传递与非传递性竞争网络的各种结构。不同字母代表不同物种, 同一字母不同数字代表不同基因型或表型。单向箭头指向胜利者, 其中虚线代表竞争关系的改变; 双向箭头表示竞争结局不确定, 竞争双方胜率相等。a: 三物种传递性竞争; b: 三物种非传递性竞争; c: 同一物种三种基因型或表型之间的非传递性竞争; d: 两物种非传递性竞争; e: 三物种弱非传递性竞争; f: 非传递性竞争奇数环; g: 非传递性竞争偶数环; h: 三物种非传递性竞争嵌套在六物种非传递性竞争中; i: 四物种非传递性竞争嵌套在六物种非传递性竞争中。
Fig. 1 Forms of transitive and intransitive competitive networks between species (different letters) or genotypes/phenotypes (same letter with different numbers). One-way arrow points to the winner, with dash line indicating competitive reversal. Two-way arrow indicates uncertain competitive outcomes. a, Transitive competition between three species; b, Intransitive competition between three species; c, Intransitive competition between three genotypes/phenotypes of the same species; d, Intransitive competition between two species; e, Weak intransitive competition between three species; f, Intransitive odd loop; g, Intransitive even loop; h, An intransitive triplet nested in a six-species intransitive loop; i, A four-species intransitive loop nested in a six-species intransitive loop.
非传递性指标 Metrics of intransitivity | | | |
---|---|---|---|
d (非传递性三元环的数量 The number of intransitive triplets) | 0 | 1 | 5 |
I (转换为等级性竞争所需最少竞争关系转换数 The minimum number of competitive reversals to convert a network to a hierarchy) | 0 | 1 | 3 |
δ' (参与非传递环的竞争关系数量 The number of interactions embed in intransitive triplets) | 0 | 3 | 10 |
v (竞争能力的差异性 The difference of competitive strength) | 0 | 1 | 3 |
u (是否存在绝对优势种 The presence of unbeatable species) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
a (是否存在绝对劣势种 The presence of always-beatable species) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
表1 使用不同指标度量竞争网络非传递性的示例
Table 1 Examples of calculating intransitivity of different competitive networks in different metrics
非传递性指标 Metrics of intransitivity | | | |
---|---|---|---|
d (非传递性三元环的数量 The number of intransitive triplets) | 0 | 1 | 5 |
I (转换为等级性竞争所需最少竞争关系转换数 The minimum number of competitive reversals to convert a network to a hierarchy) | 0 | 1 | 3 |
δ' (参与非传递环的竞争关系数量 The number of interactions embed in intransitive triplets) | 0 | 3 | 10 |
v (竞争能力的差异性 The difference of competitive strength) | 0 | 1 | 3 |
u (是否存在绝对优势种 The presence of unbeatable species) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
a (是否存在绝对劣势种 The presence of always-beatable species) | 1 | 1 | 0 |
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