青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类丰富度空间格局及热点区域

doi:10.17520/biods.2025171

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 25171. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025171 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025171

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类丰富度空间格局及热点区域

蒋承汛¹^,²(), 张塔星¹^,², 权子豪¹^,², 刘郢¹^,², 柴璐艳³, 冉江洪¹^,²^,^*

¹ 四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室, 成都 610065
² 四川大学生命科学学院四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室, 成都 610065
³ 浙江省环境科技有限公司, 杭州 310013

收稿日期:2025-05-09 接受日期:2025-09-28 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-12-26
通讯作者: 冉江洪
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0402)

The richness pattern and hotspot areas of national key protected wild birds on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Chengxun Jiang¹^,²(), Taxing Zhang¹^,², Zihao Quan¹^,², Ying Liu¹^,², Luyan Chai³, Jianghong Ran¹^,²^,^*

¹ Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
² Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
³ Zhejiang Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310013, China

Received:2025-05-09 Accepted:2025-09-28 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-12-26
Contact: Jianghong Ran
Supported by:
Second Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Research Project(2019QZKK0402)

1. 附录1-4.pdf(2631KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开展物种丰富度格局和热点区域研究对生态系统健康评估及生物多样性保护策略制定具有重要意义。青藏高原是全球生物多样性保护的关键区域, 本研究旨在通过整合多源数据, 解析该区域重点保护鸟类丰富度的空间分布特征并识别热点区域, 为保护资源的优化配置提供科学依据。研究基于文献、公众平台与野外调查数据, 整理并获取了290种国家重点保护野生鸟类的分布记录, 结合气候、地形及人类干扰等环境变量, 运用Biomod2模型构建物种分布模型, 并通过空间自相关分析与热点分析揭示其空间格局。研究结果显示, 青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类丰富度呈现显著的由东南向西北递减的梯度特征, 高值区域集中于藏东南、云南西北部及四川西部的山地区域; 极热点与热点区域占研究区面积的25.37%, 中北部高原冷点区占比达32.53%。国家重点保护野生鸟类在地理空间上表现出强烈的正相关性, 数值接近的丰富度区域呈集聚分布。本研究为青藏高原生物多样性保护提供了数据支撑, 为相似分析提供了方法参考。

关键词: 青藏高原, 国家重点保护野生动物, 鸟类丰富度, Biomod2模型, 空间自相关, 热点分析

Abstract

Aims: As a global biodiversity hotspot, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau plays a critical role in sustaining nationally protected wild bird species. Understanding their spatial distribution is essential for assessing ecosystem health and developing effective conservation strategies. This study analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of these birds, identifies biodiversity hotspots, and provides data to support resource allocation and nature reserve planning. It also serves as a case study for biodiversity conservation at targeted regional scales.

Methods: Distribution records of nationally protected bird species in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were compiled from field surveys, historical literature, specimen data, and platforms like GBIF and eBird. Climate, topography, human disturbance, and net primary productivity data were integrated to predict species’ potential distribution using the Biomod2 model. Variables were selected based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor (VIF). Model performance was assessed with true skills statistic (TSS) > 0.8 and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) > 0.9. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran’s I, and hotspots were identified with the Getis-Ord G_i* statistic.

Results: In total, 290 nationally protected wild bird species, belonging to 21 orders and 51 families, were recorded in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Among them, Passeriformes (73 species, 25.2%), Accipitriformes (49 species, 16.9%), and Galliformes (31 species, 10.7%) were the most prevalent. Bird abundance decreased from southeast to northwest, with high concentrations in the Hengduan Mountains and the eastern Himalayas, located at the border of Southeast Xizang, Sichuan, and Yunnan. Conversely, lower abundance was noted in the central and northern plateau. Hotspot areas accounted for 25.37% of the study region, whereas cold spots in the central and northern plateau encompassed 32.53% of the total area. The spatial distribution of these key protected species showed a strong positive correlation, with regions of similar species richness forming distinct clusters.

Conclusion: The distribution of key protected wild birds in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is influenced by hydrothermal conditions and habitat suitability, with the warm, humid forests of southeast China serving as a biodiversity hotspot. This study integrates multiple data sources and models to offer a scientific foundation for identifying conservation priorities. Future efforts should align the design of nature reserves with in-depth research on conservation mechanisms to address the dual pressures of climate change and human activities.

Key words: Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, national key protected wild animals, bird richness, Biomod2 model, spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis

蒋承汛, 张塔星, 权子豪, 刘郢, 柴璐艳, 冉江洪 (2025) 青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类丰富度空间格局及热点区域. 生物多样性, 33, 25171. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025171.

Chengxun Jiang, Taxing Zhang, Zihao Quan, Ying Liu, Luyan Chai, Jianghong Ran (2025) The richness pattern and hotspot areas of national key protected wild birds on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25171. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025171.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025171

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I11/25171

图/表 6

图1 研究区域高程图及野外调查样线

Fig. 1 The elevation map of the study area and the field investigation sample lines

表1 青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类目级组成

Table 1 Composition of the order of national key protected wild birds on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

	目 Order	数量(占比) Number (Percentage)		目 Order	数量(占比) Number (Percentage)
1	雀形目 Passeriformes	73 (25.17%)	12	啄木鸟目 Piciformes	7 (2.41%)
2	鹰形目 Accipitriformes	49 (16.90%)	13	鹈形目 Pelecaniformes	6 (2.07%)
3	鸡形目 Galliformes	31 (10.69%)	14	鹳形目 Ciconiiformes	5 (1.72%)
4	鸮形目 Strigiformes	24 (8.28%)	15	犀鸟目 Bucerotiformes	4 (1.38%)
5	鸻形目 Charadriiformes	16 (5.52%)	16	鸨形目 Otidiformes	2 (0.69%)
6	雁形目 Anseriformes	14 (4.83%)	17	鹃形目 Cuculiformes	2 (0.69%)
7	鸽形目 Columbiformes	12 (4.14%)	18	䴙䴘目 Podicipediformes	2 (0.69%)
8	隼形目 Falconiformes	12 (4.14%)	19	咬鹃目 Trogoniformes	2 (0.69%)
9	佛法僧目 Coraciiformes	9 (3.10%)	20	夜鹰目 Caprimulgiformes	2 (0.69%)
10	鹤形目 Gruiformes	9 (3.10%)	21	鲣鸟目 Suliformes	1 (0.34%)
11	鹦鹉目 Psittaciformes	8 (2.76%)

图2 青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类的物种丰富度分布格局图

Fig. 2 Distribution pattern map of species richness of national key protected wild birds on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

图3 物种丰富度的Moran’s I散点图

Fig. 3 Scatter plot of the Moran’s I index of species richness

图4 空间自相关性报表

Fig. 4 Spatial autocorrelation reports

图5 青藏高原国家重点保护鸟类丰富度的热点分析结果图

Fig. 5 Hot spot analysis result chart of the richness of national key protected birds on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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青藏高原国家重点保护野生鸟类丰富度空间格局及热点区域

The richness pattern and hotspot areas of national key protected wild birds on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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