南岭地区鱼类多样性及其地理分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2023482

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 23482. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023482 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023482

南岭地区鱼类多样性及其地理分布

许佳¹(), 崔小娟¹, 张翼飞¹(), 吴昌²(), 孙远东¹^,^*()()

1.湖南科技大学生命科学与健康学院, 湖南湘潭 411201
2.湖南师范大学省部共建淡水鱼类发育生物学国家重点实验室, 长沙 410081

收稿日期:2023-12-22 接受日期:2024-06-17 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-07-04
通讯作者: *E-mail: syd@hnust.edu.cn
基金资助:
农业生物育种重大专项(2023ZD04054);省部共建淡水鱼类发育生物国家重点实验室开放课题基金(2021KF001)

Fish diversity and distribution in the Nanling region

Jia Xu¹(), Xiaojuan Cui¹, Yifei Zhang¹(), Chang Wu²(), Yuandong Sun¹^,^*()()

1. School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

Received:2023-12-22 Accepted:2024-06-17 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-07-04
Contact: *E-mail: syd@hnust.edu.cn
Supported by:
Biological Breeding-Major Projects(2023ZD04054);State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish(2021KF001)

1. 附录.xlsx(77KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鱼类是河流生态系统的重要组成部分, 对维系河流生态系统稳定性发挥关键作用。鱼类多样性作为评价河流环境变化的重要指标, 可以直接反映该地区河流生态系统的健康状况。南岭地区河流众多, 淡水鱼类多样性十分丰富, 但目前尚缺乏对此地区鱼类物种多样性及其地理分布的系统研究。本文基于历史文献资料和相关书籍(截至2024年1月10日), 系统整理了南岭地区鱼类物种组成信息。结果表明, 南岭地区共有淡水鱼类261种, 隶属11目29科121属。其中, 土著鱼类248种, 外来鱼类13种。南岭地区鱼类以鲤形目鲤科和爬鳅科鱼类为主, 分别占南岭地区鱼类总物种数的56.7%和7.3%; 受威胁鱼类共19种, 占南岭地区鱼类总物种数的7.3%, 有11种列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》(2021), 有28种属于“国家重点保护经济水生动物”。南岭地区鱼类多样性正面临严峻挑战, 主要由于河流污染、水利设施开发和过度捕捞等人类活动的影响, 导致该地区受威胁物种和入侵物种比例上升。建议今后加强治理河流污染、保护鱼类栖息地、科学开展增殖放流等。本文整理所得的南岭地区鱼类物种名录可作为今后南岭地区鱼类生物多样性保护的参考依据。

关键词: 淡水鱼类, 物种多样性, 地理分布, 受威胁物种, 南岭地区

Abstract

Aims Fish are an important component of river ecosystems, playing a significant role in maintaining their stability and functioning. Assessing fish biodiversity is important for understanding environmental changes and evaluating the overall health of river ecosystems. Despite the rich river network and diverse freshwater fish population in the Nanling region, comprehensive studies on fish diversity and distribution are still lacking.

Methods This study systematically compiles and analyzes data on fish species in the Nanling region from historical literature and relevant sources up to January 10, 2024.

Results The updated checklist identified 261 freshwater fish species, classified into 11 orders, 29 families, and 121 genera. Among these, 248 species were indigenous and 13 were aliens. The region’s fish fauna was dominated by Cyprinidae and Balitoridae, which accounted for 56.7% and 7.3% of the total species, respectively. Notably, 19 threatened species (7.3% of the total) were documented, with 11 of them listed in the List of State Key Protected Wild Animals (2021). Additionally, 28 species were classified as National Key Protected Economic Aquatic Animals.

Conclusion Fish diversity in the Nanling region faces significant challenges primarily due to human activities such as river pollution, hydraulic infrastructure development, and overfishing. These factors have escalated the prevalence of threatened and invasive species in the area. To mitigate these challenges, it is imperative to enhance river pollution control, safeguard fish habitats, and implement scientifically based stock enhancement programs in the future. This comprehensive inventory of fish species in the Nanling region provides a reference for future conservation efforts aimed at preserving fish biodiversity in this area.

Key words: freshwater fish, species diversity, geographical distribution, threatened species, Nanling region

中图分类号:

许佳, 崔小娟, 张翼飞, 吴昌, 孙远东 (2024) 南岭地区鱼类多样性及其地理分布. 生物多样性, 32, 23482. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023482.

Jia Xu, Xiaojuan Cui, Yifei Zhang, Chang Wu, Yuandong Sun (2024) Fish diversity and distribution in the Nanling region. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23482. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023482.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023482

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I7/23482

图/表 7

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种名 Species	国家重点保护野生动物名录 The List of State Key Protected Wild Animals	濒危等级 Endangerment categories	分布河流 Reach of distribution
花鳗鲡 Anguilla marmorata	II	EN	北江、东江 Beijiang River, Dongjiang River
胭脂鱼 Myxocyprinus asiaticus	II	CR	湘江 Xiangjiang River
唐鱼 Tanichthys albonubes	II	CR	北江、东江 Beijiang River, Dongjiang River
鯮 Luciobrama macrocephalus	II	CR	湘江 Xiangjiang River
季氏金线鲃 Sinocyclocheilus jii	II	LC	湘江、西江 Xiangjiang River, Xijiang River
黄田金线鲃 Sinocyclocheilus huangtianensis	II	DD	西江 Xijiang River
短鳍金线鲃 Sinocyclocheilus brevifinus	II	DD	西江 Xijiang River
乌原鲤 Procypris mera	II	EN	西江 Xijiang River
单纹似鳡 Luciocyprinus langsoni	II	EN	西江 Xijiang River
斑点半鲿 Hemibagrus guttatus	II	NE	北江、东江、西江 Beijiang River, Dongjiang River, Xijiang River
厚唇瑶山鳅 Yaoshania pachychilus	II	NE	资江 Zijiang River

种名 Species	国家重点保护野生动物名录 The List of State Key Protected Wild Animals	濒危等级 Endangerment categories	分布河流 Reach of distribution
花鳗鲡 Anguilla marmorata	II	EN	北江、东江 Beijiang River, Dongjiang River
胭脂鱼 Myxocyprinus asiaticus	II	CR	湘江 Xiangjiang River
唐鱼 Tanichthys albonubes	II	CR	北江、东江 Beijiang River, Dongjiang River
鯮 Luciobrama macrocephalus	II	CR	湘江 Xiangjiang River
季氏金线鲃 Sinocyclocheilus jii	II	LC	湘江、西江 Xiangjiang River, Xijiang River
黄田金线鲃 Sinocyclocheilus huangtianensis	II	DD	西江 Xijiang River
短鳍金线鲃 Sinocyclocheilus brevifinus	II	DD	西江 Xijiang River
乌原鲤 Procypris mera	II	EN	西江 Xijiang River
单纹似鳡 Luciocyprinus langsoni	II	EN	西江 Xijiang River
斑点半鲿 Hemibagrus guttatus	II	NE	北江、东江、西江 Beijiang River, Dongjiang River, Xijiang River
厚唇瑶山鳅 Yaoshania pachychilus	II	NE	资江 Zijiang River

南岭地区鱼类多样性及其地理分布

Fish diversity and distribution in the Nanling region

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河流名称 River name	支流 Tributary	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
湘江 Xiangjiang River	干流中上游 Upper and middle reaches of the main stream	10	22	85	146
	海洋河 Haiyang River	7	16	47	60
	灌江 Guanjiang River	7	17	46	66
资江 Zijiang River	干流上游 Upstream of the main stream	9	20	67	113
赣江 Ganjiang River	濂水 Lianshui River	4	7	26	33
	梅江 Meijiang River	5	13	45	71
	桃江 Taojiang River	6	13	50	77
	章水 Zhangshui River	5	9	42	55
	贡水 Gongshui River	5	14	48	70

河流名称 River name	支流 Tributary	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
东江 Dongjiang River	干流上游 Upstream of the main stream	10	22	73	99
	寻乌水 Xunwu River	6	15	51	61
	贝岭水 Beiling River	8	17	50	59
北江 Beijiang River	干流上游 Upstream of the main stream	8	15	51	63
	绥江 Suijiang River	8	16	53	65
	连江 Lianjiang River	9	21	79	105
	南水 Nanshui River	8	14	35	43
	武江 Wujiang River	7	17	67	94
	浈江 Zhenjiang River	9	21	59	85
西江 Xijiang River	贺江 Hejiang River	8	18	49	57
西江 Xijiang River	漓江 Lijiang River	8	20	84	142

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