小兴安岭两种林地的黏菌物种多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2019022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黏菌广泛分布于森林生态系统中, 并在生态系统的物质循环过程中发挥重要的功能。为了探讨黏菌在小兴安岭森林中的物种多样性及其分布, 本文对该地区的汤旺河兴安石林森林公园和胜山国家级自然保护区系统开展黏菌多样性调查研究。在2个地区共采集黏菌标本248份, 基于形态学特征共鉴定出4目8科17属44种黏菌, 其中Craterium dictyosporum、垂头绒泡菌(Physarum album)和Reticularia splendens var. jurana等10个种为黑龙江省首次报道。多样性分析结果显示, 汤旺河兴安石林森林公园针阔混交林的黏菌物种多样性(36种)高于胜山国家级自然保护区红松(Pinus koraiensis)林内的黏菌物种多样性(25种), 其中两地间共有的黏菌有17种, 黏菌物种组成的相似性(C_S)为55.7%。绿绒泡菌(Physarum viride)是针阔混交林内的优势种, 蛇形半网菌(Hemitrichia serpula)是红松林内的优势种。研究结果表明植被类型对黏菌的物种组成和多样性有着重要的影响。

关键词: 黏菌纲, 绒泡菌目, 新记录, 分类学

Abstract

Myxomycetes are widely distributed in forest ecosystems and play an important role in nutrient cycling. The diversity and distribution of myxomycetes in two forests of the Lesser Khinggan Mountains, China were examined in Tangwanghexing’anshilin Forest Park and Shengshan National Nature Reserve. A total of 248 samples of myxomycetes were collected and identified to 44 species belonging to 17 genera of eight families in four orders based on morphological characteristics. Ten new species were recorded in Heilongjiang Province, such as Craterium dictyosporum, Physarum album and Reticularia splendens var. jurana. The species diversity of myxomycetes was higher in Tangwanghexing’anshilin Forest Park (36 species) than in Shengshan National Nature Reserve (25 species). Among the 44 species, 17 species were found in both sites and the composition similarity (C_S) was 55.7%. Physarum viride was the most dominant species in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. Hemitrichia serpula was the most dominant species in Pinus koraiensis forest. This study suggests that vegetation type has an important influence on the species composition and diversity of myxomycetes.

Key words: Myxomycetes, Physarales, new record, taxonomy

赵凤云, 李玉, TomHsiang, 刘淑艳 (2019) 小兴安岭两种林地的黏菌物种多样性. 生物多样性, 27, 896-902. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019022.

Fengyun Zhao, Yu Li, Tom Hsiang, Shuyan Liu (2019) Species diversity of myxomycetes in two forests of the Lesser Khinggan Mountains, China. Biodiversity Science, 27, 896-902. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019022.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019022

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I8/896

图/表 4

参考文献 28

1	Bau T, Yang L, Li Y ( 2005) Ecological diversity of myxomycetes in Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forests of Changbai Mountains. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 3133-3140.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 图力古尔, 杨乐, 李玉 ( 2005) 长白山红松阔叶林黏菌生态多样性. 生态学报, 25, 3133-3140.]
2	Chen SL, Li Y ( 2009) A survey on species diversity of myxomycetes from Changbai Mountains in China. In: The 9th Cross-Strait Symposium on Mycology and the 2nd Symposium on Edible and Medicinal Fungi. Taiwan in China.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 陈双林, 李玉 ( 2009) 中国长白山黏菌物种多样性调查. 见: 2009年海峡两岸第九届真菌暨第二届食药用菌学术研讨会. 中国台北.]
3	Dagamac NHA, Rea-Maminta MAD, Batungbacal NS, Jung SH, Bulang CRT, Cayago AGR, dela Cruz TEE ( 2015) Diversity of plasmodial slime molds (myxomycetes) in coastal, mountain, and community forests of Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, the Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 8, 322-329.
4	Dai Q, Yan SZ, Yao HQ, Chen SL ( 2013) Myxomycete diversity in hilly forests of East China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 507-513.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 戴群, 闫淑珍, 姚慧琴, 陈双林 ( 2013) 华东丘陵林地黏菌的物种多样性. 生物多样性, 21, 507-513.]
5	Fiore-Donno AM, Kamono A, Meyer M, Schnittler M, Fukui M, Cavalier-Smith T ( 2012) 18S rDNA phylogeny of Lamproderma and allied genera (Stemonitales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa). PLoS ONE, 7, e35359.
6	Fiore-Donno AM, Weinert J, Wubet T, Bonkowski M ( 2016) Metacommunity analysis of amoeboid protists in grassland soils. Scientific Reports, 6, 19068.
7	Kamono A, Meyer M, Cavalier-Smith T, Fukui M, Fiore- Donno AM ( 2013) Exploring slime mould diversity in high-altitude forests and grasslands by environmental RNA analysis. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 84, 98-109.
8	Li Y ( 2007) Flora Fungotum Sinicorum (Myxomycetes I, II). Science Press, Beijing.(in Chinese)
	[ 李玉 ( 2007) 中国真菌志(黏菌卷I, II). 科学出版社, 北京. ]
9	Ma KP, Liu YM ( 1994) Measurement of biotic community diversity. I. α diversity (Part 2). Chinese Biodiversity, 2, 231-239.(in Chinese)
	[ 马克平, 刘玉明 ( 1994) 生物群落多样性的测度方法. I. α多样性的测度方法(下). 生物多样性, 2, 231-239.]
10	Ma KP, Liu CR, Liu YM ( 1995) Measurement of biotic community diversity. II. β diversity. Chinese Biodiversity, 3, 38-43.(in Chinese)
	[ 马克平, 刘灿然, 刘玉明 ( 1995) 生物群落多样性的测度方法. II. β多样性的测度方法. 生物多样性, 3, 38-43.]
11	Mandeel QA, Blackwell M ( 2008) Rare or rarely collected? Comatricha mirabilis from the desert of Bahrain. Mycologia, 100, 742-745.
12	Martin GW, Alexopoulos CJ ( 1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa, Iowa.
13	Ndiritu GG, Spiegel FW, Stephenson SL ( 2009) Distribution and ecology of the assemblages of myxomycetes associated with major vegetation types in Big Bend National Park, USA. Fungal Ecology, 2, 168-183.
14	Poulain M, Meyer M, Bozonnet J ( 2011) Les Myxomycètes. Fédération Mycologique et Botanique Dauphiné-Savoie, France.
15	Rojas C, Stephenson SL ( 2008) Myxomycete ecology along an elevation gradient on Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Fungal Diversity, 29, 117-127.
16	Rojas C, Stephenson SL ( 2012) Rapid assessment of the distribution of myxomycetes in a southwestern Amazon forest. Fungal Ecology, 5, 726-733.
17	Ronikier A, Ronikier M ( 2009) How ‘alpine’ are nivicolous myxomycetes? A worldwide assessment of altitudinal distribution. Mycologia, 101, 1-16.
18	Schnittler M, Erastova DA, Shchepin ON, Heinrich E, Novozhilov YK ( 2015) Four years in the Caucasus—Observations on the ecology of nivicolous myxomycetes. Fungal Ecology, 14, 105-115.
19	Schnittler M, Novozhilov YK, Carvajal E, Spiegel FW ( 2013) Myxomycete diversity in the Tarim basin and eastern Tian- Shan, Xinjiang Prov., China. Fungal Diversity, 59, 91-108.
20	Schnittler M, Stephenson SL ( 2000) Myxomycete biodiversity in four different forest types in Costa Rica. Mycologia, 92, 626-637.
21	Song TP, Chen SL ( 2014) Species diversity of myxomycetes in Huanglian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province, China. Jounal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 30, 458-463.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 宋天鹏, 陈双林 ( 2014) 黄连山自然保护区黏菌的物种多样性. 生态与农村环境学报, 30, 458-463.]
22	Stephenson SL, Landolt JC, Moore DL ( 1999) Protostelids, dictyostelids, and myxomycetes in the litter microhabitat of the Luquillo experimental forest, Puerto Rico. Mycological Research, 103, 209-214.
23	Stephenson SL, Schnittler M, Lado C ( 2004) Ecological characterization of a tropical myxomycete assemblage—Maquipucuna Cloud Forest Reserve, Ecuador. Mycologia, 96, 488-497.
24	Takahashi K ( 2013) Myxomycete distribution varies among leaf litters of different vegetation in a local secondary forest of warm-temperate western Japan. Mycoscience, 54, 368-377.
25	Takahashi K, Hada Y ( 2012) Seasonal occurrence and distribution of myxomycetes on different types of leaf litter in a warm temperate forest of western Japan. Mycoscience, 53, 245-255.
26	Wrigley de Basanta D, Lado D, Estrada-Torres C, Stephenson LS ( 2010) Biodiversity of myxomycetes in subantarctic forests of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Nova Hedwigia, 90, 45-79.
27	Yang L, Bau T, Li Y ( 2004) Floristic diversity of myxomycetes in Changbai Mountains. Jounal of Fungal Reseach, 2, 31-34.(in Chinese)
	[ 杨乐, 图力古尔, 李玉 ( 2004) 长白山黏菌区系多样性研究. 菌物研究, 2, 31-34.]
28	Zhu H, Li S, Song XX, Zhao YJ, Wang Q, Li Y ( 2013) A report on myxomycetes from Inner Mongolia forest of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 41, 124-128.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 朱鹤, 李姝, 宋晓霞, 赵雨霁, 王琦, 李玉 ( 2013) 内蒙古樟子松林黏菌资源报道. 东北林业大学学报, 41, 124-128.]

属 Genus	种名 Species	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)
属 Genus	种名 Species	汤旺河 Tangwanghe	胜山 Shengshan
线膜菌属 Reticularia	Reticularia splendens var. jurana*	4.92	2.38
筛菌属 Cribraria	灯笼菌 Cribraria cancellatum var. cancellatum	2.46	-
	锈红筛菌Cribraria ferruginea*	0.82	-
	皱杯筛菌 Cribraria personii*	0.82	-
	紫筛菌 Cribraria purpurea	1.34	-
粉瘤菌属 Lycogala	粉瘤菌 Lycogala epidendrum	7.34	11.11
	小粉瘤菌 Lycogala exiguum	1.34	1.59
筒菌属 Tubifera	筒菌 Tubifera ferruginosa*	3.28	-
双皮菌属 Diderma	球形双皮菌 Diderma globosum	0.82	-
钙皮菌属 Didymium	小钙皮菌 Didymium minus*	0.82	-
	鳞钙皮菌 Didymium squamulosum	2.46	0.79
高杯菌属 Craterium	Craterium dictyosporum*	1.34	3.17
	白头高杯菌 Craterium leucocephalum	-	1.59
	高杯菌 Craterium minutum	1.34	-
煤绒菌属 Fuligo	煤绒菌 Fuligo septica	-	1.59
光果菌属 Leocarpus	光果菌 Leocarpus fragilis	0.82	0.79
绒泡菌属 Physarum	垂头绒泡菌 Physarum album*	6.56	3.97
	两瓣绒泡菌 Physarum bivalve	0.82	-
	灰绒泡菌 Physarum cinereum	0.82	0.79
	全白绒泡菌 Physarum globuliferum	-	2.38
	淡黄绒泡菌 Physarum melleum	-	0.79
	小绒泡菌 Physarum pusillum	-	1.59
	绿绒泡菌 Physarum viride	17.21	3.97
发网菌属 Stemonitis	锈发网菌 Stemonitis axifera	6.56	-
	褐发网菌 Stemonitis fusca	3.28	-
	草生发网菌 Stemonitis herbatica	1.34	-
	美发网菌 Stemonitis splendens	0.82	1.59
拟发网菌属 Stemonitopsis	香蒲拟发网菌 Stemonitopsis typhina	2.46	-
被网菌属 Arcyodes	Arcyodes incarnate*	0.82	-
团网菌属 Arcyria	灰团网菌 Arcyria cinerea	9	7.14
	锈色团网菌 Arcyria ferruginea	-	0.79
	瑞士团网菌 Arcyria helvetica*	3.28	0.79
	小红团网菌 Arcyria minuta	-	0.79
	朦纹团网菌 Arcyria stipata	-	5.56
变毛菌属 Metatrichia	暗红变毛菌 Metatrichia vesparium	1.34	10.32
半网菌属 Hemitrichia	细柄半网菌 Hemitrichia calyculata	3.28	3.17
	棒形半网菌 Hemitrichia clavata	0.82	1.59
	蛇形半网菌 Hemitrichia serpula	0.82	16.28
团毛菌属 Trichia	光丝团毛菌 Trichia affinis*	1.34	15.08
	栗褐团毛菌 Trichia botrytis	0.82	-
	长尖团毛菌 Trichia decipiens	3.28	-
	网孢团毛菌 Trichia favoginea	1.34	-
	环壁团毛菌 Trichia varia	0.82	-
	疣壁团毛菌 Trichia verrucosa	0.82	-

属 Genus	种名 Species	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)
属 Genus	种名 Species	汤旺河 Tangwanghe	胜山 Shengshan
线膜菌属 Reticularia	Reticularia splendens var. jurana*	4.92	2.38
筛菌属 Cribraria	灯笼菌 Cribraria cancellatum var. cancellatum	2.46	-
	锈红筛菌Cribraria ferruginea*	0.82	-
	皱杯筛菌 Cribraria personii*	0.82	-
	紫筛菌 Cribraria purpurea	1.34	-
粉瘤菌属 Lycogala	粉瘤菌 Lycogala epidendrum	7.34	11.11
	小粉瘤菌 Lycogala exiguum	1.34	1.59
筒菌属 Tubifera	筒菌 Tubifera ferruginosa*	3.28	-
双皮菌属 Diderma	球形双皮菌 Diderma globosum	0.82	-
钙皮菌属 Didymium	小钙皮菌 Didymium minus*	0.82	-
	鳞钙皮菌 Didymium squamulosum	2.46	0.79
高杯菌属 Craterium	Craterium dictyosporum*	1.34	3.17
	白头高杯菌 Craterium leucocephalum	-	1.59
	高杯菌 Craterium minutum	1.34	-
煤绒菌属 Fuligo	煤绒菌 Fuligo septica	-	1.59
光果菌属 Leocarpus	光果菌 Leocarpus fragilis	0.82	0.79
绒泡菌属 Physarum	垂头绒泡菌 Physarum album*	6.56	3.97
	两瓣绒泡菌 Physarum bivalve	0.82	-
	灰绒泡菌 Physarum cinereum	0.82	0.79
	全白绒泡菌 Physarum globuliferum	-	2.38
	淡黄绒泡菌 Physarum melleum	-	0.79
	小绒泡菌 Physarum pusillum	-	1.59
	绿绒泡菌 Physarum viride	17.21	3.97
发网菌属 Stemonitis	锈发网菌 Stemonitis axifera	6.56	-
	褐发网菌 Stemonitis fusca	3.28	-
	草生发网菌 Stemonitis herbatica	1.34	-
	美发网菌 Stemonitis splendens	0.82	1.59
拟发网菌属 Stemonitopsis	香蒲拟发网菌 Stemonitopsis typhina	2.46	-
被网菌属 Arcyodes	Arcyodes incarnate*	0.82	-
团网菌属 Arcyria	灰团网菌 Arcyria cinerea	9	7.14
	锈色团网菌 Arcyria ferruginea	-	0.79
	瑞士团网菌 Arcyria helvetica*	3.28	0.79
	小红团网菌 Arcyria minuta	-	0.79
	朦纹团网菌 Arcyria stipata	-	5.56
变毛菌属 Metatrichia	暗红变毛菌 Metatrichia vesparium	1.34	10.32
半网菌属 Hemitrichia	细柄半网菌 Hemitrichia calyculata	3.28	3.17
	棒形半网菌 Hemitrichia clavata	0.82	1.59
	蛇形半网菌 Hemitrichia serpula	0.82	16.28
团毛菌属 Trichia	光丝团毛菌 Trichia affinis*	1.34	15.08
	栗褐团毛菌 Trichia botrytis	0.82	-
	长尖团毛菌 Trichia decipiens	3.28	-
	网孢团毛菌 Trichia favoginea	1.34	-
	环壁团毛菌 Trichia varia	0.82	-
	疣壁团毛菌 Trichia verrucosa	0.82	-

目 Order	红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest			针阔混交林 Mixed forest
目 Order	科数 No. of family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	科数 No. of family		属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species
无丝菌目 Liceales	2	2	3		3	4	8
绒泡菌目 Physarales	2	5	11		2	5	10
发网菌目 Stemonitales	1	1	1		1	2	5
团毛菌目 Trichiales	2	4	10		2	5	13
合计 Total	7	12	25		8	16	36
相对多度 Relative abundance		56.82%				81.82%
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index		2.72				3.06

目 Order	红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest			针阔混交林 Mixed forest
目 Order	科数 No. of family	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	科数 No. of family		属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species
无丝菌目 Liceales	2	2	3		3	4	8
绒泡菌目 Physarales	2	5	11		2	5	10
发网菌目 Stemonitales	1	1	1		1	2	5
团毛菌目 Trichiales	2	4	10		2	5	13
合计 Total	7	12	25		8	16	36
相对多度 Relative abundance		56.82%				81.82%
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index		2.72				3.06

[1]	冯尔辉, 梁伟诺, 胡亮, 张旭. 海南东寨港国家级自然保护区潮间带蟹类(十足目: 短尾下目)物种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23030-.
[2]	曾小宁, 王鹏行, 张梦帆, 苏静, 史志远, 高福玲, 李家美. 河南省野生木本植物名录[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(6): 22306-.
[3]	韦毅刚, 温放, 辛子兵, 符龙飞. 广西野生维管植物名录[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(6): 23078-.
[4]	李治中, 彭帅, 王青锋, 李伟, 梁士楚, 陈进明. 中国海菜花属植物隐种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(2): 22394-.
[5]	宋会银, 胡征宇, 刘国祥. 绿藻门小球藻科的分类学研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(2): 22083-.
[6]	王科, 蔡磊. 世界菌物新命名发表概况(2022年)[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23176-.
[7]	杨蕊含, 闫美辰, 张露丹, 刘宏鑫, 许国丰, 何巧巧, 姚志远. 2022年世界蜘蛛目新分类单元[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23175-.
[8]	徐维启, 李玥, 李海蛟, 刘冬梅, 杨宁, 张琦, 何双辉. 北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23196-.
[9]	林晨, 蔡小东, 王亮, 张冰, 杨棋程, 吴艳玲, 杨定. 2022年中国双翅目新分类单元[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23245-.
[10]	周璇, 罗一平, 金子, 乔宇晴, 张艺瑶, 李露露, 路园园, 刘宁, 刘梅柯, 白明. 2022年全球鞘翅目现生类群新分类单元[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23202-.
[11]	丁洪波, 王立彦, 全东丽, 杨斌, 岳麻买, 王平元, 杨勇婧雯, 龚强帮, 周仕顺, 王力, 李剑武, 谭运洪. 中国云南种子植物区系新资料[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23254-.
[12]	江建平, 蔡波, 王斌, 陈蔚涛, 温知新, 张德志, 隋璐璐, 马舜. 中国脊椎动物2022年度新增物种报告[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23241-.
[13]	蔡立哲, 王智, 杨德援, 赵小雨, 周细平. 中国海域多毛类环节动物物种多样性研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23108-.
[14]	张秀英, 苏比奴尔·艾力, 李后魂. 中国鳞翅目新物种2022年度报告[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(10): 23283-.
[15]	丁洪波, 周仕顺, 李剑武, 申健勇, 马兴达, 黄健, 宋钰, 文雪梅, 雷鸣, 土艳丽, 星耀武, 谭运洪. 中国西藏种子植物区系新资料[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(8): 22085-.