世界及中国菌物新命名发表概况(2024年)

doi:10.17520/biods.2025355

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2024年, 全球2,106位学者共发表了5,500个菌物新命名, 包括3个新亚门, 17个新纲、新超纲及新亚纲, 9个新目及新亚目, 37个新科、新亚科及新族, 280个新属及次级属下单元, 3,716个新种及种下单元, 以及1,094个新组合、37个修订名称和307个其他名称。这些新命名隶属于3界16门49纲183目494科1,429属, 伞菌和木生真菌是本年热点研究类群, 所发表的新分类单元数量最多。本年度发表的3,681个菌物新种采集自世界107个国家和地区, 亚洲东部和南部是发现新种最多的地区, 而中国是发现新种最多的国家, 共发现1,798种, 占全球的48.85%。中国学者的分类学研究成果同样保持全球领先, 635位中国学者参与发表了2,686个菌物新命名, 占全球新命名总数的48.84%。我国西南地区的新种丰富度最高, 而云南省发现了572个菌物新种, 为国内之最。我国学者本年发表的不合格和不合法名称, 以及有缀词错误的名称数量大幅增加, 今后的研究工作中, 在保持学科快速发展的同时, 研究质量同样不可忽视, 尤其需要重视青年学者对于命名法规的学习。

关键词: 菌物分类学, 命名作者, 新分类单元, 模式产地, 菌物多样性

Abstract

Background & Aims: The compilation of authoritative biodiversity catalogs is of great significance for biodiversity research, resource protection, as well as social and economic development. In the era of rapid development and progress on scientific research, a large number of new species and new distribution records are reported every year. It is very important to summarize the discoveries of new taxa and update the species checklist in time.

Method: The taxonomic data of newly published fungal names were retrieved and analyzed from the Fungal Names nomenclatural repository.

Results: In 2024, 2,106 scholars have published 5,500 new fungal names all over the world, including 3 new subphylum, 17 new classes, super classes and subclasses, 9 new orders and suborders, 37 new families, subfamilies and tribe, 280 new genera and subgenera, 3,716 new species and intraspecific taxa, 1,094 new combinations, 37 replacement names and 307 other new names. These new names belonged to 3 kingdoms, 16 phyla, 49 classes, 183 orders, 494 families and 1,429 genera, among which agaricomycetes and wood-inhabiting fungi have received more attentions. The newly published 3,681 fungal species were discovered from 107 countries and regions in the world. East and south Asia were the hottest spots of new species discovery, while China retained the top country for yearly new species discoveries, accounting for 48.85% of the world’s total. Besides, Chinese scholars led the world in research outputs on fungal taxonomy this year. There are 635 Chinese scholars participated in the publications of 2,686 new fungal names, contributing nearly half of the world’s total.

Conclusion: After a slight decline in 2023, the number of globally published new fungal names has rebounded to 5,500 last year, which is the highest number in history. Since 2021, the number of new names published by Chinese scholars, and the contribution ratio to the world have broken the historically record for consecutive three years.

Key words: taxonomy of fungi, name author, new taxa, type locality, fungal diversity

王科, 赵明君, 蔡磊 (2025) 世界及中国菌物新命名发表概况(2024年). 生物多样性, 33, 25355. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025355.

Ke Wang, Mingjun Zhao, Lei Cai (2025) Annual review on nomenclature novelties of fungi in China and around the world (2024). Biodiversity Science, 33, 25355. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025355.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025355

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I10/25355

图/表 10

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命名作者* Author of new names*	新命名总数 Total new names	新高阶分类单元 New higher taxa	新种及种下单元 New species and infraspecific taxa	新组合 New combinations
K.D. Hyde	424	43	359	22
Q.M. Wang	205	28	90	87
P.W. Crous	174	21	150	3
Y.P. Tan	163	6	153	4
I. Saar	160	0	11	149
Yurkov	156	24	36	96
Svantesson	153	0	6	147
Kõljalg	147	0	0	147
Boekhout	128	20	21	87
Jian K. Liu	125	20	100	5
Aptroot	115	0	90	25
F.Y. Bai	108	12	18	78
C.L. Zhao	108	3	105	0
Jian Ma	97	6	70	21
Y.Z. Lu	90	6	63	21
Q.R. Li	87	1	84	2
L. Cai	79	3	60	16
M. Cáceres	76	0	54	22
Spirin	73	1	19	53
Lücking	73	0	43	30
Zhu L. Yang	72	3	26	43
Diederich	71	5	55	11
M. Schultz	70	12	3	55
Saba	70	0	6	64

命名作者* Author of new names*	新命名总数 Total new names	新高阶分类单元 New higher taxa	新种及种下单元 New species and infraspecific taxa	新组合 New combinations
K.D. Hyde	424	43	359	22
Q.M. Wang	205	28	90	87
P.W. Crous	174	21	150	3
Y.P. Tan	163	6	153	4
I. Saar	160	0	11	149
Yurkov	156	24	36	96
Svantesson	153	0	6	147
Kõljalg	147	0	0	147
Boekhout	128	20	21	87
Jian K. Liu	125	20	100	5
Aptroot	115	0	90	25
F.Y. Bai	108	12	18	78
C.L. Zhao	108	3	105	0
Jian Ma	97	6	70	21
Y.Z. Lu	90	6	63	21
Q.R. Li	87	1	84	2
L. Cai	79	3	60	16
M. Cáceres	76	0	54	22
Spirin	73	1	19	53
Lücking	73	0	43	30
Zhu L. Yang	72	3	26	43
Diederich	71	5	55	11
M. Schultz	70	12	3	55
Saba	70	0	6	64

科名 Families	新属及亚属 New genera and subgenera	新种及种下单元 New species and infraspecific taxa	新组合 New combinations	总数 Total
蘑菇科 Agaricaceae	3	64	157	224
革菌科 Thelephoraceae	0	17	101	118
炭角菌科 Xylariaceae	2	95	6	103
丛赤壳科 Nectriaceae	1	99	1	101
丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae	0	88	11	99
拟层孔菌科 Fomitopsidaceae	0	21	74	95
毛筒壳科 Tubeufiaceae	5	62	17	84
梅奇酵母科 Metschnikowiaceae	13	9	55	77
石墨菌科 Graphidaceae	0	53	22	75
瓮毛孢科 Sporocadaceae	1	71	2	74

科名 Families	新属及亚属 New genera and subgenera	新种及种下单元 New species and infraspecific taxa	新组合 New combinations	总数 Total
蘑菇科 Agaricaceae	3	64	157	224
革菌科 Thelephoraceae	0	17	101	118
炭角菌科 Xylariaceae	2	95	6	103
丛赤壳科 Nectriaceae	1	99	1	101
丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae	0	88	11	99
拟层孔菌科 Fomitopsidaceae	0	21	74	95
毛筒壳科 Tubeufiaceae	5	62	17	84
梅奇酵母科 Metschnikowiaceae	13	9	55	77
石墨菌科 Graphidaceae	0	53	22	75
瓮毛孢科 Sporocadaceae	1	71	2	74

国家 Country	大洲 Continent	新种数量 Number of new species
中国 China	亚洲 Asia	1,798
澳大利亚 Australia	大洋洲 Oceania	203
巴西 Brazil	南美洲 South America	203
泰国 Thailand	亚洲 Asia	180
美国 USA	北美洲 North America	136
印度 India	亚洲 Asia	111
南非 South Africa	非洲 Africa	74
西班牙 Spain	欧洲 Europe	64
巴基斯坦 Pakistan	亚洲 Asia	52
加拿大 Canada	北美洲 North America	41
德国 Germany	欧洲 Europe	41
日本 Japan	亚洲 Asia	39
意大利 Italy	欧洲 Europe	39
荷兰 Netherlands	欧洲 Europe	36
新西兰 New Zealand	大洋洲 Oceania	34
韩国 Korea	亚洲 Asia	31
俄罗斯 Russia	欧洲 Europe	30
法国 France	欧洲 Europe	30