生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 30-39. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015207
郭屹立1,2, 王斌1,2, 向悟生1,2, 丁涛1,2, 陆树华1,2, 黄甫昭1,2, 文淑均1,2, 李冬兴1,2, 何运林1,2, 李先琨1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2015-07-18
接受日期:
2015-11-02
出版日期:
2016-01-20
发布日期:
2016-06-12
通讯作者:
李先琨
基金资助:
Yili Guo1,2, Bin Wang1,2, Wusheng Xiang1,2, Tao Ding1,2, Shuhua Lu1,2, Fuzhao Huang1,2, Shujun Wen1,2, Dongxing Li1,2, Yunlin He1,2, Xiankun Li1,2,*()
Received:
2015-07-18
Accepted:
2015-11-02
Online:
2016-01-20
Published:
2016-06-12
Contact:
Li Xiankun
摘要:
森林生态系统地上生物量的分布格局是物种分布格局的重要内容。局域尺度内因地形差异引起的生境异质性是地上生物量分布格局形成的环境基础。本文以弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林15 ha动态监测样地2011年第一次普查数据中每木个体为研究对象, 尝试以每20 m × 20 m样方内所有个体及不同径级类群的胸高断面积之和为木本植物地上生物量的衡量指标, 利用广义可加模型对喀斯特季节性雨林中胸高断面积之和的空间分布格局进行研究, 定量分析了其对7个地形因子的响应。结果表明, 洼地、山坡和山脊3种生境类型中, 所有个体的胸高断面积之和山坡最高、山脊最低, 且山脊与山坡、洼地的差异均显著; 广义可加模型结果显示, 不同地形因子对胸高断面积之和的解释偏差差异明显, 其中海拔、坡向、凹凸度、岩石裸露率对胸高断面积之和的解释偏差依次降低, 而干旱度指数、坡度和地形湿润指数解释偏差相对较小。喀斯特季节性雨林木本植物胸高断面积之和空间分布的异质性及其与地形因子之间的关系, 反映了胸高断面积之和在地形因子对土壤、水分和光照等条件重分配影响下的多重响应机制及生长策略。
郭屹立, 王斌, 向悟生, 丁涛, 陆树华, 黄甫昭, 文淑均, 李冬兴, 何运林, 李先琨 (2016) 喀斯特季节性雨林木本植物胸高断面积分布格局及其对地形因子的响应. 生物多样性, 24, 30-39. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015207.
Yili Guo, Bin Wang, Wusheng Xiang, Tao Ding, Shuhua Lu, Fuzhao Huang, Shujun Wen, Dongxing Li, Yunlin He, Xiankun Li (2016) Responses of spatial pattern of woody plants’ basal area to topographic factors in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi, southern China. Biodiversity Science, 24, 30-39. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015207.
图2 广义可加模型(GAM)所揭示的不同地形因子对弄岗喀斯特季节性雨林胸高断面积之和分布格局的影响。S(地形因子)为光滑样条函数的拟合值, 表示其对胸高断面积之和的影响。实线表示胸高断面积之和的期望值, 上下两侧虚线表示方程的95%置信区间。
Fig. 2 Results of generalized additive models (GAM) regression between different topographic factors and total basal area of the karst seasonal rainforest in Nonggang, Guangxi. S(topographic factor) is the fitted value of smoothing spline functions, which represent their impacts on the total basal area. The solid lines represent the expected values of total basal area; the dotted lines represent the 95% confidence intervals of equations.
径级 DBH Class (cm) | 环境参数 Environmental parameters | r2adj | 累计解释偏差 Cumulative explained deviation (%) | 赤池信息准则Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) |
---|---|---|---|---|
所有个体 All individuals | 海拔 Elevation | 0.148 | 16.1 | -88.071 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.256 | 28.4 | -130.984 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.291 | 33.1 | -142.770 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.313 | 36.0 | -148.860 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.314 | 36.4 | -149.909 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.322 | 37.4 | -152.044 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.336 | 39.4 | -156.461 | |
DBH < 2.5 | 海拔 Elevation | 0.113 | 12.6 | -2,416.026 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.153 | 18.4 | -2,425.371 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.193 | 22.8 | -2,441.038 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.266 | 29.7 | -2,477.055 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.303 | 34.0 | -2,492.105 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.311 | 34.9 | -2,495.940 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.328 | 36.3 | -2,506.965 | |
2.5 ≤ DBH < 7.5 | 海拔 Elevation | 0.412 | 42.1 | -1,340.583 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.432 | 44.7 | -1,348.138 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.462 | 48.9 | -1,360.737 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.481 | 51.1 | -1,371.831 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.505 | 53.1 | -1,390.343 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.540 | 57.6 | -1,407.893 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.540 | 57.8 | -1,410.145 | |
7.5 ≤ DBH < 22.5 | 海拔 Elevation | 0.194 | 21.0 | -448.036 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.267 | 29.5 | -476.660 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.305 | 34.4 | -490.249 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.316 | 36.2 | -492.008 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.334 | 38.0 | -498.367 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.339 | 38.5 | -507.223 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.381 | 43.6 | -522.046 | |
22.5 ≤ DBH | 海拔 Elevation | 0.263 | 27.4 | -193.325 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.321 | 34.7 | -216.574 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.326 | 35.4 | -216.982 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.335 | 36.5 | -220.844 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.345 | 37.8 | -225.257 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.392 | 42.8 | -250.109 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.398 | 43.7 | -251.184 |
表1 喀斯特季节性雨林胸高断面积之和与地形因子的广义可加模型(GAM)检验
Table 1 Tests of generalized additive models (GAM) for modeling total basal area in the Nonggang karst seasonal rainforest and topographic factors
径级 DBH Class (cm) | 环境参数 Environmental parameters | r2adj | 累计解释偏差 Cumulative explained deviation (%) | 赤池信息准则Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) |
---|---|---|---|---|
所有个体 All individuals | 海拔 Elevation | 0.148 | 16.1 | -88.071 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.256 | 28.4 | -130.984 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.291 | 33.1 | -142.770 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.313 | 36.0 | -148.860 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.314 | 36.4 | -149.909 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.322 | 37.4 | -152.044 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.336 | 39.4 | -156.461 | |
DBH < 2.5 | 海拔 Elevation | 0.113 | 12.6 | -2,416.026 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.153 | 18.4 | -2,425.371 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.193 | 22.8 | -2,441.038 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.266 | 29.7 | -2,477.055 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.303 | 34.0 | -2,492.105 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.311 | 34.9 | -2,495.940 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.328 | 36.3 | -2,506.965 | |
2.5 ≤ DBH < 7.5 | 海拔 Elevation | 0.412 | 42.1 | -1,340.583 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.432 | 44.7 | -1,348.138 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.462 | 48.9 | -1,360.737 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.481 | 51.1 | -1,371.831 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.505 | 53.1 | -1,390.343 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.540 | 57.6 | -1,407.893 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.540 | 57.8 | -1,410.145 | |
7.5 ≤ DBH < 22.5 | 海拔 Elevation | 0.194 | 21.0 | -448.036 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.267 | 29.5 | -476.660 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.305 | 34.4 | -490.249 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.316 | 36.2 | -492.008 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.334 | 38.0 | -498.367 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.339 | 38.5 | -507.223 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.381 | 43.6 | -522.046 | |
22.5 ≤ DBH | 海拔 Elevation | 0.263 | 27.4 | -193.325 |
坡向 Aspect | 0.321 | 34.7 | -216.574 | |
凹凸度 Convexity | 0.326 | 35.4 | -216.982 | |
岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate | 0.335 | 36.5 | -220.844 | |
地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index | 0.345 | 37.8 | -225.257 | |
坡度 Slope | 0.392 | 42.8 | -250.109 | |
干旱度指数 Altitude above channel | 0.398 | 43.7 | -251.184 |
坡度 Slope (SLO) | 凹凸度 Convexity (CON) | 坡向 Aspect (ASP) | 地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index (TWI) | 干旱度指数 Altitude above channel (ACH) | 岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate (RBR) | 胸高断面积之和 Total basal area | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Elevation (ELE) | 0.578** | 0.466** | 0.052 | -0.701** | 0.289** | 0.450** | -0.147* |
SLO | 0.336** | 0.205* | -0.631** | 0.220** | 0.509** | -0.080 | |
CON | 0.025 | -0.564** | 0.518** | 0.300** | 0.051 | ||
ASP | -0.098 | -0.159* | 0.140* | 0.134* | |||
TWI | -0.629** | -0.326** | 0.035 | ||||
ACH | -0.016 | 0.083 | |||||
RBR | 0.044 |
表2 不同地形因子间的Spearman秩相关性分析
Table 2 The Spearman correlations (rho values) between different topographic factors
坡度 Slope (SLO) | 凹凸度 Convexity (CON) | 坡向 Aspect (ASP) | 地形湿润指数Topographic wetness index (TWI) | 干旱度指数 Altitude above channel (ACH) | 岩石裸露率 Rock-bareness rate (RBR) | 胸高断面积之和 Total basal area | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Elevation (ELE) | 0.578** | 0.466** | 0.052 | -0.701** | 0.289** | 0.450** | -0.147* |
SLO | 0.336** | 0.205* | -0.631** | 0.220** | 0.509** | -0.080 | |
CON | 0.025 | -0.564** | 0.518** | 0.300** | 0.051 | ||
ASP | -0.098 | -0.159* | 0.140* | 0.134* | |||
TWI | -0.629** | -0.326** | 0.035 | ||||
ACH | -0.016 | 0.083 | |||||
RBR | 0.044 |
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