确定性过程主导高原典型河流浮游植物地理分布格局和群落构建

doi:10.17520/biods.2023092

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 23092. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023092

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

确定性过程主导高原典型河流浮游植物地理分布格局和群落构建

杨胜娴¹^,²^,³, 杨清¹^,²^,³, 李晓东¹^,²^,³, 巢欣¹^,²^,³, 刘惠秋¹^,²^,³, 魏蓝若雪¹^,²^,³, 巴桑¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.西藏大学麦地卡自治区级湿地生态系统定位观测研究站, 西藏那曲 852000
2.西藏大学生态环境学院青藏高原湿地与流域生态系统实验室, 拉萨 850000
3.西藏大学地球第三极碳中和研究中心, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2023-03-30 接受日期:2023-06-14 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-31
通讯作者: *E-mail: basang2003@utibet.edu.cn
作者简介:*E-mail: basang2003@utibet.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32070418);2022年中央支持地方高校发展专项资金项目(藏财预指[2022] 1号)

Deterministic processes dominate the geographic distribution pattern and community assembly of phytoplankton in typical plateau rivers

Shengxian Yang¹^,²^,³, Qing Yang¹^,²^,³, Xiaodong Li¹^,²^,³, Xin Chao¹^,²^,³, Huiqiu Liu¹^,²^,³, Lanruoxue Wei¹^,²^,³, Sang Ba¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. Provincial Level of Mitika Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station in Tibet Autonomous Region, Naqu, Xizang 852000
2. Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000
3. Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Earth's Third Pole, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000

Received:2023-03-30 Accepted:2023-06-14 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-31
Contact: *E-mail: basang2003@utibet.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浮游植物在河流生态系统的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用, 然而, 雅鲁藏布江作为我国典型的高寒河流, 关于调控其浮游植物群落结构的机制尚不清楚。为探究雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落分布格局及其构建机制, 我们于2019年8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2020年5月(春季)对该水域进行了浮游植物样品采集、鉴定及水体理化因子测定。通过固定染色法鉴定浮游植物物种、统计物种丰度。结果表明: 雅鲁藏布江中上游共鉴定浮游植物452种, 隶属8门11纲24目44科121属。浮游植物群落的构建由环境异质性、扩散限制和物种互作关系共同影响。研究区域浮游植物群落在时空上存在显著的地理距离衰减趋势和环境距离衰减趋势; 物种互作关系以协作关系为主; 地理因素中的海拔(ALT)与水环境因子中的酸碱度(pH)、总溶解性固体(TDS)、盐度(Salt)、溶解氧(DO)、浊度(TUR)和水流速度(V)是驱动雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落构建的重要影响因子, 可通过驱动浮游植物自身的代谢速率及其生态适应性影响群落的地理分布和时空分布格局, 间接介导浮游植物群落的构建过程。距离衰减和中性模型结果表明: 确定性(环境选择)主导了雅鲁藏布江中上游的浮游植物群落构建。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江中上游, 浮游植物, 群落构建, 地理分布格局

Abstract

Aims: Phytoplankton play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling of river ecosystems. The ecological environment of the Yarlung Zangbo River, a major representative of high-altitude plateau rivers, is highly complex and more fragile than typical rivers of a lower altitude. Therefore, it features unique geographical characteristics which define the regions biology and ecology. This study aims to elucidate the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and the assembly mechanisms of the phytoplankton community in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and to provide important data reference for the follow-up study of phytoplankton and water environment protection in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibetan Plateau.

Methods: In this study, phytoplankton in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River were investigated in summer (August 2019), autumn (November 2019) and spring (May 2020). Phytoplankton samples were collected and identified with strict qualitative and quantitative measures, while the physicochemical water features were measured on site. Simpson diversity index, Pielou evenness index and richness index were used to analyze α-diversity. The spatial and temporal differences of the phytoplankton community structure were analyzed by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). Neutral models and standardized random rates were used to determine the relative proportions of deterministic and stochastic processes in phytoplankton community assembly. The effects of environmental heterogeneity (environmental distance) and diffusion limitation (geographical distance) on the process of phytoplankton community assembly were investigated through distance-decay patterns. Mantel test (Spearman correlation coefficient) was used to calculate the correlation between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factor distance in each season. Furthermore, network co-occurrence was used to analyze phytoplankton community interactions.

Results: We identified a total of 452 distinct phytoplankton species in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, encompassing 8 phyla, 11 classes, 24 orders, 44 families, and 121 genera. The assembly of phytoplankton communities was found to be influenced by the combined effects of environmental heterogeneity, dispersal limitation, and species interactions. Interestingly, in season (from spring to autumn), we observed a transformation from stochastic to deterministic process, whereas at altitudes (from YJA gradient to YJC gradient), we observed a transition from deterministic to stochastic and then to deterministic. Geographical features along with water quality parameters were identified as pivotal drivers shaping the assembly of phytoplankton communities in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and exhibited pronounced distance-decay patterns, both spatially and temporally.

Conclusion: The middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River were vastly different in both spatial and temporal features, leading to a significant change in phytoplankton ecology between the two regions. Species interactions, environmental heterogeneity and dispersal limitation all play a role in the assembly of phytoplankton communities. Among them, deterministic process (environmental heterogeneity) dominates its assembly process.

Key words: middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, phytoplankton, community assembly, geographical distribution pattern

杨胜娴, 杨清, 李晓东, 巢欣, 刘惠秋, 魏蓝若雪, 巴桑 (2023) 确定性过程主导高原典型河流浮游植物地理分布格局和群落构建. 生物多样性, 31, 23092. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023092.

Shengxian Yang, Qing Yang, Xiaodong Li, Xin Chao, Huiqiu Liu, Lanruoxue Wei, Sang Ba (2023) Deterministic processes dominate the geographic distribution pattern and community assembly of phytoplankton in typical plateau rivers. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23092. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023092.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023092

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I7/23092

图/表 9

图1 雅鲁藏布江中上游样点分布示意图。N1-N32为样点名称。YJA、YJB、YJC指3个海拔梯度, 其海拔分别为3,497-3,945 m、4,008-4,508 m和4,546-4,846 m。

Fig. 1 Distribution of sample sites in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The sample names are called N1-N32. YJA, YJB, YJC are three altitude gradients with 3,497-3,945 m, 4,008-4,508 m and 4,546-4,846 m, respectively.

图2 雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落结构特征。(a)各季节浮游植物群落丰度变化; (b)各海拔浮游植物群落丰度变化; (c) 3个季节不同浮游植物类群的相对丰度和物种数的空间分布。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 2 Phytoplankton community structure in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. (a) Variation of phytoplankton abundance in different seasons; (b) Variation of phytoplankton abundance at different elevations; (c) Spatial distribution of the relative proportion of abundance and species number of different groups of phytoplankton communities in three seasons. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

图3 雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落的α多样性。S: 春季; SU: 夏季; A: 秋季; TOTAL: 总流域。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 3 Phytoplankton community α-diversity in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. S, Spring; SU, Summer; A, Autumn; TOTAL, The total watershed. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

图4 基于雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落Bray-Curtis相似性的主坐标分析(PCoA)。(a)不同季节浮游植物群落的主坐标分析(PCoA); (b)不同海拔浮游植物群落主坐标分析(PCoA)。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 4 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of phytoplankton community based on Bray-Curtis similarity in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. (a) PCoA of the phytoplankton community in different seasons; (b) PCoA of the phytoplankton community at different altitudes. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

图5 雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落距离衰减分析。a-c、g-i分别为春季、夏季、秋季、YJA、YJB和YJC浮游植物群落地理距离衰减; d-f、j-l分别为春季、夏季、秋季、YJA、YJB和YJC浮游植物群落环境距离衰减。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 5 Distance decay analysis of phytoplankton community in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. a-c, g-i, The geographic distance attenuation of phytoplankton in spring, summer, autumn, YJA, YJB, and YJC, respectively; d-f, j-l, The environmental distance decay change of phytoplankton community in spring, summer, autumn, YJA, YJB, and YJC, respectively. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

图6 雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落共现网络。a-c分别为春季、夏季、秋季浮游植物群落; d-f分别为YJA、YJB、YJC浮游植物群落。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 6 Phytoplankton community co-occurrence network in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. a-c, Spring, summer, and autumn phytoplankton communities, respectively; d-f, YJA, YJB, YJC phytoplankton communities, respectively. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

表1 浮游植物群落共现网络的拓扑结构特征。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Table 1 The topological characteristics of co-occurrence networks of phytoplankton communities. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

网络拓扑指标 Network topological indicators	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	YJA	YJB	YJC
节点数 Number of nodes	188	181	204	224	246	246
边数 Edges	642	686	687	2,050	2,365	2,558
连接部件 Connected component	45	40	43	1	3	1
网络直径 Network diameter	15	18	12	9	8	11
平均度 Average degree	6.830	7.580	6.735	18.304	19.228	20.797
模块化系数 Modularity coefficient	0.820	0.829	0.806	0.850	0.765	0.853
图密度 Density of figure	0.037	0.042	0.033	0.082	0.078	0.085
平均聚类系数 Mean clustering coefficient	0.854	0.847	0.792	0.841	0.750	0.841
平均路径长度 Mean path length	6.147	6.981	5.332	3.953	3.302	3.851
正相关比例 Positive correlation (%)	100	100	100	99.375	99.493	97.757
负相关比例 Negative correlation (%)	0	0	0	0.625	0.507	2.243

图7 雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落中性模型(a-f)和校正随机率(MST) (g-i)。频率高于模型预测值的物种显示为黄色; 频率较低的物种显示为红色; 预测范围内的物种显示为绿色; 蓝色虚线表示模型预测的95%置信区间。R2为中性群落模型的整体拟合优度, Nm是元群落规模(N)与迁移率(m)的乘积, 量化了对群落之间扩散的估计。a-c分别为春季、夏季、秋季浮游植物群落; d-f分别为YJA、YJB、YJC浮游植物群落; (g) 3个季节浮游植物群落MST; (h) 3个海拔梯度浮游植物群落MST; (i)校正随机率在不同季节和海拔梯度上的变化。S: 春季; SU: 夏季; A: 秋季。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 7 Neutral model of phytoplankton community (a-f) and modified stochasticity ratio (MST) (g-j). Species whose frequency is higher than predicted by the model are shown in yellow; Less frequent species are shown in red; Species within the predicted range are shown in green; The blue dashed line represents the 95% confidence interval for the model's prediction. R2 is the overall goodness of fit of the neutral community model, and Nm is the product of meta-community size (N) and mobility (m), quantifying the estimate of diffusion between community assembly. a-c, Spring, summer, and autumn phytoplankton communities, respectively; d-f, YJA, YJB, YJC phytoplankton communities, respectively; (g) Three seasonal phytoplankton communities MST; (h) Three altitudinal gradient phytoplankton communities MST; (i) Modified stochasticity ratio in different seasons and altitude gradients. S, Spring; SU, Summer; A, Autumn. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

图8 雅鲁藏布江中上游浮游植物群落与环境因子相关性分析。TDS: 总溶解固体; WT: 水温; DO: 溶解氧; TUR: 浊度; V: 水流速度; ALT: 海拔; Salt: 盐度。YJA、YJB、YJC见图1。

Fig. 8 Correlation analysis between phytoplankton communities and environmental factors. TDS, Total dissolved solid, WT, Water temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; TUR: Turbidity; WS, Waterflow speed; ALT, Altitude; Salt, Salinity. YJA, YJB, YJC see Fig. 1.

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确定性过程主导高原典型河流浮游植物地理分布格局和群落构建

Deterministic processes dominate the geographic distribution pattern and community assembly of phytoplankton in typical plateau rivers

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