中国和美国国家公园时空发展及驱动因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2023040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为世界上最大的发展中国家和发达国家, 代表东西方文明的中国和美国, 在反映一个国家文明与进步重要标志的国家公园建设方面, 都取得了重要成果。我国国家公园建设还处于起步阶段, 研究借鉴世界上国家公园首创国家的发展经验, 充分发挥后发优势, 对我国国家公园的健康持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文采取综合归纳与深入调研相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、历史成果与现实需求相结合的研究方法, 在全面分析中美两国国家公园发展进程基础上, 对其内涵与外延、建设理念、发展阶段、空间格局、驱动因素等进行了系统研究。结果表明, 中美两国在国家公园的基本概念与基本理念、时空发展演变、演变驱动因素等方面既有许多共同点, 也有不少独特性。中美国家公园基本概念与建设理念具有异曲同工之妙, 且均是由国家公园、国家公园体系、自然保护地体系构成。中国比美国国家公园建设虽然晚了100多年, 但具有强大的按照中长期发展战略落实到位的后发优势, 到2035年中国基本实现现代化时, 将在国家公园数量、规模、空间分布、综合能力等方面达到甚至赶超美国。中美国家公园驱动因素均包括画家启蒙、学者呼吁、政府发力、社会协力和科技助力等5个主要方面, 共同推动国家公园建设健康持续发展。中美国家公园建设如能求同存异, 则能互利共赢, 共同推动人类文明和谐进步。

关键词: 国家公园, 国家公园体系, 基本理念, 发展阶段, 空间格局, 驱动因素

Abstract

Aims: As the largest developing and developed countries in the world, China and the United States, respectively, have achieved significant achievements in the construction of national parks that reflect the important symbols of a country’s civilization and progress. China’s national parks are still in their early stages and would therefore benefit from an understanding of the development experience of the United States in order to engage in healthy and sustainable development of national parks in China.

Method: This article adopted a research method that combined comprehensive induction with in-depth research, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and historical assessment in order to address practical needs. Through a comprehensive analysis of the development process of national parks in China and the United States, we conducted a systematic study on their connotation and extension, construction concept, development stage, spatial pattern, driving factors, along with several other aspects.

Results & Conclusion: The results show that China and the United States have many similarities and differences in the basic concepts of national parks, spatiotemporal development and evolution, and the driving factors associated with that evolution. The basic concepts and construction concepts of national parks in China and the United States are similar, and both are composed of national parks, national park systems, and natural reserve systems. Although China constructed national parks more than 100 years after those developed in the United States, China has a strong late-development advantage in accordance with the medium and long-term development strategy. By 2035, China will reach or even surpass the United States in the number, scale, spatial distribution, comprehensive capacity, and other aspects of the development of national parks. The driving factors of national parks in China and the United States include painter enlightenment, scholar appeal, government contribution, social cooperation, and technological assistance. If we can seek common ground while reserving differences, we can benefit from each other and jointly promote the harmonious progress of human civilization.

Key words: national park, national park system, basic concept, development stage, spatial pattern, driving factor

李世东 (2023) 中国和美国国家公园时空发展及驱动因素. 生物多样性, 31, 23040. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023040.

Shidong Li (2023) On the spatiotemporal development and driving factors of national parks in China and the United States. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23040. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023040.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023040

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I6/23040

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