雅鲁藏布江中游丰水期原生动物群落多样性及其影响因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2022500

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 22500. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022500

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

雅鲁藏布江中游丰水期原生动物群落多样性及其影响因子

杨清¹^,², 李晓东¹^,², 杨胜娴¹^,², 巢欣¹^,², 刘惠秋¹^,², 巴桑¹^,²^,^*()

1.西藏大学生态环境学院青藏高原湿地与流域生态系统实验室, 拉萨 850000
2.西藏大学地球第三极碳中和研究中心, 拉萨 850000

收稿日期:2022-08-30 接受日期:2022-11-20 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-04-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: hbasang2003@aliyun.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32070418);2021年中央财政支持地方高校改革发展专项资金(藏财预指〔2021〕1号);西藏大学研究生高层次人才培养计划(2020-GSP-S050)

Protozoan community diversity and its impact factor in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the wet season

Qing Yang¹^,², Xiaodong Li¹^,², Shengxian Yang¹^,², Xin Chao¹^,², Huiqiu Liu¹^,², Sang Ba¹^,²^,^*()

1. Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000
2. Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Third Pole of the Earth, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000

Received:2022-08-30 Accepted:2022-11-20 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-04-20
Contact: *E-mail: hbasang2003@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解雅鲁藏布江中游干流及支流丰水期原生动物的群落多样性特征, 于2021年7月利用18S rDNA高通量测序技术开展雅鲁藏布江中游原生动物多样性研究, 并现场测定水体理化因子。结果表明: 雅鲁藏布江中游原生动物在干流和支流两个河段上均以丝足虫门、纤毛虫门和双鞭毛虫门为主。群落Shannon多样性在河段间存在显著性差异; β多样性在两个河段上均以周转组分为主。研究区域原生动物群落存在显著的地理距离-衰减趋势; 物种互作关系以协同作用为主导; 影响支流原生动物群落的主要理化因子为pH、水温、海拔组合, 影响干流原生动物群落的主要理化因子为电导率。原生动物群落受到地理距离、物种互作关系和理化因子的共同影响。本研究结果明确了雅鲁藏布江中游丰水期原生动物群落多样性变化特征及其驱动因素, 可为后续雅鲁藏布江原生动物研究以及青藏高原水环境保护提供数据支撑和参考。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江, 原生动物, β多样性分解, 地理格局, 理化因子

Abstract

Aim: The Yarlung Zangbo River is an important water system in China, and as a high-altitude river in the Tibetan Plateau, its special environmental conditions make its aquatic ecosystem valuable to study. In recent years, studies on the aquatic ecology of the Yarlung Zangbo River have gradually increased, but studies focusing on protozoa are rare. The aim of this study was to explore the community dynamics of protozoa in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River and its driving factors, and to provide basic data and decision-making references for further studies on the Yarlung Zangbo River as well as for the monitoring and conservation of the Tibetan Plateau water environment.

Methods: 18S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the protozoa diversity, and the physicochemical factors were measured on site of water bodies at 28 sample sites in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River (Qushui County to Pai Town) in July 2021 (wet season). The α diversity of community was analyzed by Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Pielou evenness index and richness index; the β diversity of community was analyzed by Jaccard difference index; analysis of the interspecific relationships was analyzed by co-occurrence networks; the influence of physicochemical factors on the diversity of the protozoan community was studied by correlation and bioenvironmental (BIOENV) analysis.

Results: Cercozoa, Ciliophora and Dinoflagellata were dominant on both mainstream and tributary reaches. With regard to community diversity, Shannon diversity was significantly different between the mainstream and tributary reaches; β diversity was dominated by the turnover component in both reaches, and there was a significant distance-decay trend in the protozoan community in both reaches. Protozoan species interactions were dominated by synergism. Electrical conductivity (EC), water temperature (WT), turbidity (TUR), and total nitrogen (TN) were the main environmental factors affecting α diversity of protozoan communities; WT and altitude (ALT) were the main environmental factors affecting β diversity of protozoan communities. The main environmental factors affecting the protozoan communities in the tributaries were pH, WT and ALT combinations, while the main environmental factor affecting the protozoan communities in the mainstream was EC.

Conclusion: Protozoan community diversity in the study area is spatially variable in two reaches of the mainstream and tributaries, β diversity is dominated by turnover components, and community similarity has a clear trend of geographical decay. The mainstream protozoan community is the most stable and sensitive to environmental changes. The dynamic changes in protozoan community diversity are the result of the combined influence of multiple environmental factors.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, protozoa, β diversity decomposition, geographical pattern, physicochemical factors

杨清, 李晓东, 杨胜娴, 巢欣, 刘惠秋, 巴桑 (2023) 雅鲁藏布江中游丰水期原生动物群落多样性及其影响因子. 生物多样性, 31, 22500. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022500.

Qing Yang, Xiaodong Li, Shengxian Yang, Xin Chao, Huiqiu Liu, Sang Ba (2023) Protozoan community diversity and its impact factor in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the wet season. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22500. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022500.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022500

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I4/22500

图/表 10

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网络拓扑指标 Network topology indicators	全河段 All river reaches (All)	干流 Mainstream (M)	支流 Tributary (T)
连接数 Number of connections	4,171	6,397	5,044
平均度 Average degree	27.807	42.647	33.627
网络直径 Network diameter	8	4	6
平均路径长度 Mean path length	2.641	2.201	2.422
图密度 Density of figure	0.093	0.143	0.112
模块化系数 Modularity coefficient	0.815	1.410	0.909
平均聚类系数 Mean clustering coefficient	0.614	0.511	0.557
正相关占比 Positive correlation (%)	82.6	64.5	73.5
负相关占比 Negative correlation (%)	17.4	35.5	26.5

网络拓扑指标 Network topology indicators	全河段 All river reaches (All)	干流 Mainstream (M)	支流 Tributary (T)
连接数 Number of connections	4,171	6,397	5,044
平均度 Average degree	27.807	42.647	33.627
网络直径 Network diameter	8	4	6
平均路径长度 Mean path length	2.641	2.201	2.422
图密度 Density of figure	0.093	0.143	0.112
模块化系数 Modularity coefficient	0.815	1.410	0.909
平均聚类系数 Mean clustering coefficient	0.614	0.511	0.557
正相关占比 Positive correlation (%)	82.6	64.5	73.5
负相关占比 Negative correlation (%)	17.4	35.5	26.5

样点 Site	pH	EC (mg/L)	WT (℃)	DO (mg/L)	TUR (NTU)	TN (mg/L)	TP (mg/L)	NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	COD (mg/L)	WS (m/s)	ALT (km)	河段 Reach
L1	8.21 ± 0.03	230.67 ± 1.25	17.04 ± 0.11	5.53 ± 0.74	248.67 ± 17.91	0.74	0.04	0.02	20.00	0.00	3.54	M
L2	8.66 ± 0.02	223.67 ± 0.47	21.02 ± 0.00	5.40 ± 0.02	530.00 ± 56.79	0.35	0.02	0.11	13.00	0.40	3.53	M
L3	4.99 ± 0.12	457.67 ± 0.82	15.17 ± 0.06	5.78 ± 0.20	81.33 ± 2.73	0.57	0.14	0.14	98.00	0.70	3.71	T
L4	6.76 ± 0.64	317.00 ± 0.82	12.44 ± 0.22	5.45 ± 0.08	14.07 ± 0.51	0.45	12.50	0.11	5.00	0.60	4.11	T
L5	4.86 ± 0.12	248.00 ± 0.82	10.48 ± 0.06	4.87 ± 0.20	6.08 ± 1.09	0.89	0.08	0.28	4.00	1.10	4.51	T
L6	7.62 ± 0.12	117.00 ± 0.00	6.58 ± 0.02	6.33 ± 0.24	10.93 ± 0.62	0.22	0.04	0.21	12.00	1.70	4.22	T
L7	7.89 ± 0.04	148.67 ± 0.47	6.15 ± 0.04	6.08 ± 0.07	10.63 ± 0.87	0.24	0.01	0.06	2.00	0.40	4.74	T
L8	8.23 ± 0.01	226.67 ± 0.47	19.34 ± 0.04	5.24 ± 0.10	269.67 ± 11.09	0.45	0.01	0.03	2.00	0.00	3.51	M
L9	8.08 ± 0.07	366.00 ± 0.00	13.72 ± 0.00	6.01 ± 0.01	394.33 ± 4.11	0.56	0.03	0.15	6.00	0.60	3.57	T
L10	8.32 ±0.02	321.33 ± 6.60	13.25 ± 0.01	5.26 ± 0.39	59.43 ± 3.72	0.27	0.01	0.06	2.00	1.30	3.88	M
L11	8.22 ± 0.04	105.00 ± 0.00	11.20 ±0.02	6.47 ± 0.33	26.33 ± 0.93	0.36	0.01	0.15	2.00	0.40	3.51	T
L12	8.27 ± 0.02	99.00 ± 0.82	9.87 ± 0.47	6.18 ± 0.20	9.97 ± 0.09	0.25	0.01	0.16	2.00	0.70	3.75	T
L13	8.34 ± 0.04	219.00 ± 0.00	18.76 ± 0.00	8.26 ± 0.08	137.00 ± 3.56	0.80	0.01	0.10	2.00	1.90	3.17	M
L14	8.16 ± 0.20	96.00 ± 0.00	10.01 ± 0.01	6.78 ± 0.11	5.85 ± 0.40	0.23	0.05	0.24	2.00	1.90	3.37	T
L15	8.16 ± 0.03	108.33 ± 0.94	9.83 ± 0.07	6.23 ± 0.06	6.32 ± 0.52	0.16	0.01	0.32	5.00	0.50	4.14	T
L16	8.40 ± 0.03	215.00 ± 0.00	19.35 ± 0.04	6.38 ± 0.09	118.33 ± 7.32	0.74	0.02	0.08	7.00	0.20	3.12	M
L17	8.37 ± 0.06	208.00 ± 0.00	18.38 ± 0.00	6.76 ± 0.13	154.67 ± 3.68	0.96	0.04	0.02	2.00	0.60	3.68	M
L18	8.05 ± 0.22	244.00 ± 5.19	10.83 ± 0.00	7.14 ± 0.08	37.97 ± 1.81	0.44	0.05	0.16	2.00	1.60	3.01	T
L19	8.47 ± 0.02	181.00 ± 0.00	9.66 ± 0.05	7.02 ± 0.12	9.86 ± 0.60	0.61	0.01	0.06	4.00	1.00	3.48	T
L20	8.38 ± 0.01	204.00 ± 0.00	18.25 ± 0.08	6.51 ± 0.04	113.33 ± 0.47	1.69	0.04	0.13	2.00	0.70	2.95	M
L21	8.38 ± 0.03	202.00 ± 0.00	18.21 ± 0.02	6.34 ± 0.18	118.33 ± 4.50	0.50	0.04	0.22	2.00	0.10	2.93	M
L22	8.33 ± 0.00	69.33 ± 0.94	11.41 ± 0.01	7.03 ± 0.02	10.61 ± 0.64	0.26	0.02	0.08	2.00	1.00	2.96	T
L23	8.29 ± 0.06	75.00 ± 0.00	10.63 ± 0.00	6.71 ± 0.08	8.11 ± 0.34	0.24	0.01	0.05	14.00	3.10	3.20	T
L24	8.27 ± 0.06	166.00 ± 0.00	16.68 ± 0.00	6.69 ± 0.05	93.30 ± 3.00	0.63	0.01	0.20	11.00	0.10	2.91	M
L25	8.07 ± 0.10	71.33 ± 0.47	10.42 ± 0.03	7.21 ± 0.10	1.00 ± 0.10	0.51	20.90	0.08	94.00	1.20	2.91	T
L26	8.21 ± 0.06	77.00 ± 0.00	9.73 ± 0.66	7.15 ± 0.06	1.00 ± 0.16	0.16	0.03	0.10	43.00	0.70	2.79	T
L27	8.21 ± 0.01	142.00 ± 0.00	16.71 ± 0.09	6.74 ± 0.04	75.27 ± 1.20	0.34	0.04	0.24	6.00	0.10	2.89	M
L28	8.24 ± 0.02	135.00 ± 0.00	18.54 ± 0.25	6.54 ± 0.21	78.90 ± 3.52	0.60	0.04	0.34	8.00	0.00	2.87	M

样点 Site	pH	EC (mg/L)	WT (℃)	DO (mg/L)	TUR (NTU)	TN (mg/L)	TP (mg/L)	NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	COD (mg/L)	WS (m/s)	ALT (km)	河段 Reach
L1	8.21 ± 0.03	230.67 ± 1.25	17.04 ± 0.11	5.53 ± 0.74	248.67 ± 17.91	0.74	0.04	0.02	20.00	0.00	3.54	M
L2	8.66 ± 0.02	223.67 ± 0.47	21.02 ± 0.00	5.40 ± 0.02	530.00 ± 56.79	0.35	0.02	0.11	13.00	0.40	3.53	M
L3	4.99 ± 0.12	457.67 ± 0.82	15.17 ± 0.06	5.78 ± 0.20	81.33 ± 2.73	0.57	0.14	0.14	98.00	0.70	3.71	T
L4	6.76 ± 0.64	317.00 ± 0.82	12.44 ± 0.22	5.45 ± 0.08	14.07 ± 0.51	0.45	12.50	0.11	5.00	0.60	4.11	T
L5	4.86 ± 0.12	248.00 ± 0.82	10.48 ± 0.06	4.87 ± 0.20	6.08 ± 1.09	0.89	0.08	0.28	4.00	1.10	4.51	T
L6	7.62 ± 0.12	117.00 ± 0.00	6.58 ± 0.02	6.33 ± 0.24	10.93 ± 0.62	0.22	0.04	0.21	12.00	1.70	4.22	T
L7	7.89 ± 0.04	148.67 ± 0.47	6.15 ± 0.04	6.08 ± 0.07	10.63 ± 0.87	0.24	0.01	0.06	2.00	0.40	4.74	T
L8	8.23 ± 0.01	226.67 ± 0.47	19.34 ± 0.04	5.24 ± 0.10	269.67 ± 11.09	0.45	0.01	0.03	2.00	0.00	3.51	M
L9	8.08 ± 0.07	366.00 ± 0.00	13.72 ± 0.00	6.01 ± 0.01	394.33 ± 4.11	0.56	0.03	0.15	6.00	0.60	3.57	T
L10	8.32 ±0.02	321.33 ± 6.60	13.25 ± 0.01	5.26 ± 0.39	59.43 ± 3.72	0.27	0.01	0.06	2.00	1.30	3.88	M
L11	8.22 ± 0.04	105.00 ± 0.00	11.20 ±0.02	6.47 ± 0.33	26.33 ± 0.93	0.36	0.01	0.15	2.00	0.40	3.51	T
L12	8.27 ± 0.02	99.00 ± 0.82	9.87 ± 0.47	6.18 ± 0.20	9.97 ± 0.09	0.25	0.01	0.16	2.00	0.70	3.75	T
L13	8.34 ± 0.04	219.00 ± 0.00	18.76 ± 0.00	8.26 ± 0.08	137.00 ± 3.56	0.80	0.01	0.10	2.00	1.90	3.17	M
L14	8.16 ± 0.20	96.00 ± 0.00	10.01 ± 0.01	6.78 ± 0.11	5.85 ± 0.40	0.23	0.05	0.24	2.00	1.90	3.37	T
L15	8.16 ± 0.03	108.33 ± 0.94	9.83 ± 0.07	6.23 ± 0.06	6.32 ± 0.52	0.16	0.01	0.32	5.00	0.50	4.14	T
L16	8.40 ± 0.03	215.00 ± 0.00	19.35 ± 0.04	6.38 ± 0.09	118.33 ± 7.32	0.74	0.02	0.08	7.00	0.20	3.12	M
L17	8.37 ± 0.06	208.00 ± 0.00	18.38 ± 0.00	6.76 ± 0.13	154.67 ± 3.68	0.96	0.04	0.02	2.00	0.60	3.68	M
L18	8.05 ± 0.22	244.00 ± 5.19	10.83 ± 0.00	7.14 ± 0.08	37.97 ± 1.81	0.44	0.05	0.16	2.00	1.60	3.01	T
L19	8.47 ± 0.02	181.00 ± 0.00	9.66 ± 0.05	7.02 ± 0.12	9.86 ± 0.60	0.61	0.01	0.06	4.00	1.00	3.48	T
L20	8.38 ± 0.01	204.00 ± 0.00	18.25 ± 0.08	6.51 ± 0.04	113.33 ± 0.47	1.69	0.04	0.13	2.00	0.70	2.95	M
L21	8.38 ± 0.03	202.00 ± 0.00	18.21 ± 0.02	6.34 ± 0.18	118.33 ± 4.50	0.50	0.04	0.22	2.00	0.10	2.93	M
L22	8.33 ± 0.00	69.33 ± 0.94	11.41 ± 0.01	7.03 ± 0.02	10.61 ± 0.64	0.26	0.02	0.08	2.00	1.00	2.96	T
L23	8.29 ± 0.06	75.00 ± 0.00	10.63 ± 0.00	6.71 ± 0.08	8.11 ± 0.34	0.24	0.01	0.05	14.00	3.10	3.20	T
L24	8.27 ± 0.06	166.00 ± 0.00	16.68 ± 0.00	6.69 ± 0.05	93.30 ± 3.00	0.63	0.01	0.20	11.00	0.10	2.91	M
L25	8.07 ± 0.10	71.33 ± 0.47	10.42 ± 0.03	7.21 ± 0.10	1.00 ± 0.10	0.51	20.90	0.08	94.00	1.20	2.91	T
L26	8.21 ± 0.06	77.00 ± 0.00	9.73 ± 0.66	7.15 ± 0.06	1.00 ± 0.16	0.16	0.03	0.10	43.00	0.70	2.79	T
L27	8.21 ± 0.01	142.00 ± 0.00	16.71 ± 0.09	6.74 ± 0.04	75.27 ± 1.20	0.34	0.04	0.24	6.00	0.10	2.89	M
L28	8.24 ± 0.02	135.00 ± 0.00	18.54 ± 0.25	6.54 ± 0.21	78.90 ± 3.52	0.60	0.04	0.34	8.00	0.00	2.87	M

分组 Group	级别 Rank	理化因子 Physicochemical factors	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (ρ)	显著性 Significance (P)
T	1	pH、WT、ALT	0.4971	0.01
	2	pH、WT、WS、ALT	0.4966	0.01
	3	WT、ALT	0.4820	0.01
	4	pH、EC、WT、WS、ALT	0.4760	0.01
	5	pH、EC、WT、DO、WS、ALT	0.4663	0.01
M	1	EC	0.7565	0.01
	2	EC、ALT	0.7513	0.01
	3	EC、WT、ALT	0.7369	0.01
	4	pH、EC、WT、ALT	0.6818	0.01
	5	pH、EC、WT、TUR、ALT	0.6818	0.01

雅鲁藏布江中游丰水期原生动物群落多样性及其影响因子

Protozoan community diversity and its impact factor in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the wet season

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