大别山黏菌的物种多样性调查

doi:10.17520/biods.2023242

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示大别山黏菌的物种组成和分布特征, 在2020年8月至2022年9月期间, 作者先后对大别山21个自然保护区和国家森林公园进行了黏菌物种调查。通过野外采集和基物湿室培养, 获得黏菌标本984份。按照形态分类学鉴定为6目13科32属93种, 其中, 11种为丰富种(相对多度RA > 3%), 8种为常见种(RA = 1.5%-3%), 30种为偶见种(RA = 0.5% -1.5%), 44种为稀有种(RA < 0.5%)。苔生高杯菌(Craterium muscorum)和易碎双皮菌(Diderma fragile)在我国现仅知分布于大别山, 掌状夹被菌(Ophiotheca pedata)、草生发网菌(Stemonitis herbatica)、环壁团毛菌(Trichia varia)等48种首次在大别山报道。丰富度分析表明, 大别山不同调查地点、林型和基物类型的黏菌物种数量和种属比存在差异, 大别山区域的河南董寨自然保护区黏菌物种数量高于其他地点, 发现黏菌41种, 种属比为1.95, 特有种为3种; 针阔混交林中的黏菌物种数量高于针叶林和阔叶林两种单一林型, 生长黏菌81种, 种属比为2.89, 独有种有28种; 生长于腐木上的黏菌77种, 物种数量高于凋落物、活草和树皮等基物, 种属比为2.75, 腐木上特有种有42种。研究结果表明, 黏菌在大别山21个自然保护区和国家森林公园具有不同的物种组成和丰富度, 从而形成了不同的分布格局, 且物种多样性在腐木上和针阔混交林中高于其他生长基物和单一林型, 为全面认识大别山的黏菌生物多样性奠定了良好基础。

关键词: 华中地区, 黏菌, 物种组成, 相对多度, 分布格局

Abstract

Aims Myxomycetes (or Myxogastrea) are one of the elementary taxa of the biodiversity components in terrestrial ecosystems. Myxomycetes play important ecological roles in forests. Dabie Mountains are one of the most important mountains with biodiversity significance in Central China and even in China. However, the previous survey of the species diversity of myxomycetes is limited to the site of Tiantangzhai National Forest Park. Myxomycetes in other areas of the Dabie Mountains are unknown. In this study, we are striving to fully obtain and understand the basic information of myxomycete species diversity to reveal species compositions and distribution characteristics of myxomycetes in the Dabie Mountains.

Method An investigation into myxomycete species was conducted in 21 nature reserves or national forest parks in the Dabie Mountains during August 2020 and September 2022. The habitats of species were surveyed and recorded. Specimens were collected directly in the field and harvested in moist chamber culture. Species were identified based on morphological taxonomy.

Results A total of 984 specimens were obtained by field collection and substrate wet chamber culture and all myxomycete specimens were identified as 93 species belonging to 32 genera, 13 families, and 6 orders. Presently in China, Craterium muscorum and Diderma fragile were only recorded in the Dabie Mountains. Totally, 48 species including Ophiotheca pedata, Stemonitis herbatica and Trichia varia for the Dabie Mountains were firstly recorded. Based on the principle dividing relative abundance (RA) of myxomycete species, 11 species were abundant (RA > 3%), 8 species were common (RA = 1.5%-3.0%), 30 species were occasional (RA = 0.5%-1.5%) and 44 species were rare (RA < 0.5%). Species richness of myxomycetes varied among different habitats, types of substrates and forest types in the Dabie Mountains. The species richness at Dongzhai Nature Reserve, Henan Province was higher than those at other 20 protective areas, in which 41 species were found, the species/genus ratio was 1.95, and 3 species were specific. The richness of myxomycete species on rotten wood was higher than those on living bark, living grass and litters, on which 77 species were found, the species/genus ratio was 2.75, and 42 species were specific. The richness of myxomycete species in conifer-broadleaf mixed forest was higher than those in the coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest, in which 81 species were found, the species/genus ratio was 2.89, and 28 species were specific.

Conclusion The species composition and richness of myxomycetes are different among 21 protective areas of the Dabie Mountains, thus forming different species distribution patterns. The species diversity of myxomycetes in rotten wood and conifer-broadleaf mixed forests is higher than those on other growth substrate and single forest type. It provides important information on myxomycete diversity for a comprehensive understanding of the biodiversity in the Dabie Mountains.

Key words: central China, myxomycetes, species composition, relative abundance, distribution pattern

林迪, 陈双林, 杜榷, 宋文龙, 饶固, 闫淑珍 (2024) 大别山黏菌的物种多样性调查. 生物多样性, 32, 23242. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023242.

Lin Di, Chen Shuanglin, Du Que, Song Wenlong, Rao Gu, Yan Shuzhen (2024) Investigation of species diversity of myxomycetes in Dabie Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23242. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023242.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023242

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I2/23242

图/表 8

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	发生基物 Substrate	标本份数 No. of specimens	物种数量 No. of species	属的数量 No. of genera	科的数量 No. of families	目的数量 No. of orders
野外采集 Collecting in the field	腐木 Rottern wood	536	77	28	11	6
	凋落物 Litter	24	7	5	4	4
	活草 Living grass	14	5	4	3	2
	合计 Total	574	78	28	11	6
湿室培养 Moist chamber culture	树皮 Bark	273	31	18	12	6
	凋落物 Litter	137	32	16	8	6
	合计 Total	410	48	23	12	6

	发生基物 Substrate	标本份数 No. of specimens	物种数量 No. of species	属的数量 No. of genera	科的数量 No. of families	目的数量 No. of orders
野外采集 Collecting in the field	腐木 Rottern wood	536	77	28	11	6
	凋落物 Litter	24	7	5	4	4
	活草 Living grass	14	5	4	3	2
	合计 Total	574	78	28	11	6
湿室培养 Moist chamber culture	树皮 Bark	273	31	18	12	6
	凋落物 Litter	137	32	16	8	6
	合计 Total	410	48	23	12	6

		属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	种属比 Species/genus	特有种数 Endemic species
湖北 Hubei	天台山 TTM	11	15	1.36	0
	大别山 DBM	14	19	1.36	0
	浮桥河 FQ R	8	11	1.38	0
	五脑山 WNM	7	16	2.29	1
	吴家山 WJM	10	18	1.8	0
	四望山 SWM	9	10	1.11	0
	南湾 NW	15	19	1.27	1
河南 Henan	鸡公山 JGM	13	18	1.38	1
	董寨 DZ	21	41	1.95	3
	大苏山 DSM	3	6	2	0
	连康山 LKM	6	10	1.67	3
	黄柏山 HBM	11	16	1.45	4
	金刚台 JGT	6	11	1.83	2
	鲇鱼山 NYM	3	4	1.33	0
安徽 Anhui	天堂寨 TTZ	19	38	2	6
	鹞落坪 YLP	15	29	1.93	5
	妙道山 MDM	19	31	1.63	2
	天柱山 TZM	14	20	1.43	0
	万佛山 WFM	11	15	1.36	1
	大龙山 DLM	3	3	1	0
	浮山 FS	10	14	1.4	0

		属数 No. of genera	种数 No. of species	种属比 Species/genus	特有种数 Endemic species
湖北 Hubei	天台山 TTM	11	15	1.36	0
	大别山 DBM	14	19	1.36	0
	浮桥河 FQ R	8	11	1.38	0
	五脑山 WNM	7	16	2.29	1
	吴家山 WJM	10	18	1.8	0
	四望山 SWM	9	10	1.11	0
	南湾 NW	15	19	1.27	1
河南 Henan	鸡公山 JGM	13	18	1.38	1
	董寨 DZ	21	41	1.95	3
	大苏山 DSM	3	6	2	0
	连康山 LKM	6	10	1.67	3
	黄柏山 HBM	11	16	1.45	4
	金刚台 JGT	6	11	1.83	2
	鲇鱼山 NYM	3	4	1.33	0
安徽 Anhui	天堂寨 TTZ	19	38	2	6
	鹞落坪 YLP	15	29	1.93	5
	妙道山 MDM	19	31	1.63	2
	天柱山 TZM	14	20	1.43	0
	万佛山 WFM	11	15	1.36	1
	大龙山 DLM	3	3	1	0
	浮山 FS	10	14	1.4	0

发生基物 Substrates	凋落物 Litter	树皮 Bark	腐木 Rotten wood	活草 Living grass
属数 No. of genera	16	18	28	4
种数 No. of species	32	31	77	5
种属比 Species/genus ratio	2.00	1.72	2.75	1.25
特有种数 Endemic species	3	6	42	1