生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 24482.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024482

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《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》下的中国城市生物多样性保护

臧明月1,2, 刘立1,2, 马月1,2, 徐徐1,2, 胡飞龙1,2, 卢晓强1,2, 李佳琦1,2, 于赐刚1,2, 刘燕1,2*   

  1. 1. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042; 2. 生态环境部生物多样性与生物安全重点实验室, 南京 210042
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 修回日期:2025-03-03 接受日期:2025-05-11 出版日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘燕

China’s urban biodiversity conservation under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Mingyue Zang1,2, Li Liu1,2, Yue Ma1,2, Xu Xu1,2, Feilong Hu1,2, Xiaoqiang Lu1,2, Jiaqi Li1,2, Cigang Yu1,2, Yan Liu1,2*   

  1. 1 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China 

    2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biosafety, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China

  • Received:2024-10-31 Revised:2025-03-03 Accepted:2025-05-11 Online:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Yan Liu

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摘要： 生物多样性是城市发展的宝贵自然与公共资源, 城市化进程下, 研究城市生物多样性保护的政策动态, 既是推动城市可持续发展的必然需要, 也是《生物多样性公约》履约的客观要求。对标国际形势, 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(以下简称《昆蒙框架》)的正式发布为全球生物多样性治理描绘了2050年新愿景, 也提出了2030年全球行动目标。本文梳理了《生物多样性公约》历届缔约方会议中城市生物多样性有关议题的发展脉络, 主要包括城市生物多样性带来的健康与福祉、城市化过程对生物多样性的影响和城市与地方政府参与。同时, 回顾了《昆蒙框架》从要素讨论、案文完善至框架发布三个阶段中“城市生物多样性”行动目标的演变过程。放眼国内实际, 本文总结了在园林绿化、空间规划、气候变化、创建示范等方面我国城市生物多样性保护政策的发展, 介绍了新发布的《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023–2030年)》中对城市生物多样性保护工作的要求。基于以上归纳分析, 提出了保护建议, 即: (1)以保护工作为基础, 推动生态系统服务功能的发挥; (2)构建城市生物多样性保护专项评价指标体系; (3)全方位深化主流化进程, 形成政府主导、企业响应、全民参与的保护氛围。

关键词: 城市生物多样性, 生物多样性公约, 昆明—蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架

Abstract

Background&Aim: Biodiversity is a valuable natural and public resource. To this point, the “Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework” (“Kunmeng Framework”) has set 2030 global targets and a 2050 vision to guide the protection of global biodiversity. In order to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), it is important to study the political dynamics of urban biodiversity. This will enable the promotion of sustainable urban development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize topics related to urban biodiversity in previous Conference of the Parties (COP) decisions, including the health and well-being of urban biodiversity, how urbanization impacts biodiversity, and the participation of cities and local governments. Additionally, we reviewed how the targets related to urban biodiversity were developed, following them from when they were initially discussed to when the Kunmeng Framework was released. 

Results: China’s urban biodiversity conservation policies were primarily implemented in the fields of landscaping, spatial planning, climate change, and demonstration construction. Additionally, the newly published China’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2023–2030) put forward new requirements for urban biodiversity conservation. Based on our analysis, we advised urban biodiversity conservation to: (1) Promote the function of ecosystem services based on conservation work; (2) Establish a specialized evaluation system for urban biodiversity conservation; (3) Become a part of the mainstream by forming an atmosphere of biodiversity conservation which is led by the government, echoed by enterprises, and participated in by all citizens. 

Conclusions: To enable China to achieve these goals, scientific ideas should be integrated into urban planning, and the government should lead enterprises and citizens in forming an atmosphere of biodiversity conservation. The conservation of urban biodiversity should align with the relevant resolutions of the Kunmeng Framework and the CBD, in addition to conforming with the policy update and practical work of China.

Key words: urban biodiversity, Convention on Biological Diversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

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