城市绿地生物多样性研究进展与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2025027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市绿地作为《生物多样性公约》框架下的重要研究领域, 在维护城市生态稳定和提升居民生活质量方面发挥着关键作用。然而, 全球城市大规模扩张带来的栖息地破碎化、外来物种入侵与环境污染等复合压力, 使城市绿地生物多样性保护成为全球生态治理的紧迫议题。本文聚焦高强度人工干预下的城市绿地生物多样性, 系统解析其概念内涵与研究范畴, 综述监测技术、功能协同、景观优化及管理策略等重点方向的研究进展, 并指出现有研究的不足与未来方向。研究发现, 城市绿地在提升生态系统服务韧性、促进物种迁移扩散及提升气候适应力方面具有不可替代的作用, 其生物多样性保护需兼顾生态连通性修复与多功能协同优化。然而, 当前研究仍面临监测技术体系碎片化、跨尺度规划层级脱节及治理机制滞后等瓶颈。未来亟需构建智能化监测体系与全要素数据库, 研发多目标协同模型, 推动以生物多样性为导向的绿地系统规划, 并创新多元共治机制。通过跨学科融合与国际合作, 将城市绿地生物多样性保护深度嵌入国土空间治理, 探索城市化与生物多样性保护的协同路径, 为实现全球“3030目标”提供可推广的生态修复方案, 并为人类世背景下城市生态系统的可持续共生提供科学决策范式。

关键词: 城市绿地, 生物多样性保护, 生态系统服务, 可持续管理, 生物多样性公约

Abstract

Background & Aim As a critical research area under the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), urban green spaces play a key role in maintaining the ecological stability of cities and improving the quality of life of residents. However, the compound pressures of habitat fragmentation, invasive alien species and environmental pollution brought about by large-scale global urban expansion have made the conservation of biodiversity in urban green spaces an urgent issue in global ecological governance. This paper focuses on the biodiversity of urban green spaces under high-intensity human intervention, systematically analyzing its conceptual connotation and research scope. We review advances in monitoring technologies, functional synergies, landscape optimization, and management strategies, while identifying research gaps and future directions.

Progress: Research indicates that urban green spaces serve as vital infrastructure for enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services, facilitating species migration and dispersal, and improving climate adaptation. Effective biodiversity conservation requires integrated strategies that restore ecological connectivity and optimize multifunctional synergies. However, the current research still faces bottlenecks such as fragmentation of the monitoring technology system, disconnection of cross-scale planning, and lagging governance mechanisms. In the future, it is necessary to build an intelligent monitoring system and a comprehensive database, develop multi-objective synergistic models, promote biodiversity-oriented green space system planning, and innovate a multifaceted governance mechanism.

ProspectsThrough interdisciplinary integration and international cooperation, the conservation of urban green space biodiversity will be deeply embedded in the governance of land space, and the synergistic path of urbanization and biodiversity conservation will be explored, so as to provide a scalable ecological restoration plan for achieving the global 30 by 30 target and provide a scientific decision-making paradigm for the sustainable symbiosis of urban ecosystems in the context of the Anthropocene.

Key words: urban green spaces, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, sustainable management, Convention on Biological Diversity

祝晓雨, 王晨灏, 王忠君, 张玉钧 (2025) 城市绿地生物多样性研究进展与展望. 生物多样性, 33, 25027. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025027.

Xiaoyu Zhu, Chenhao Wang, Zhongjun Wang, Yujun Zhang (2025) Research progress and prospect of urban green space biodiversity. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25027. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025027.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025027

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I5/25027

图/表 6

参考文献 81

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年份 Year	缔约方大会 COP	地点 Location	关于城市绿地生物多样性的决定 Decisions related to urban green space biodiversity
1994	COP1	巴哈马拿骚 Nassau, Bahamas	无专门针对城市绿地生物多样性的决定, 主要集中在总体生物多样性保护目标和策略。 There are no dedicated decisions specifically targeting urban green space biodiversity; current efforts are primarily concentrated on overarching biodiversity conservation goals and strategies.
1995	COP2	印度尼西亚雅加达 Jakarta, Indonesia
1996	COP3	阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯 Buenos Aires, Argentina
1998	COP4	斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发 Bratislava, Slovakia
2000	COP5	肯尼亚内罗毕 Nairobi, Kenya
2002	COP6	荷兰海牙 Hague, the Netherlands
2004	COP7	马来西亚吉隆坡 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2006	COP8	巴西库里提巴 Curitiba, Brazil
2008	COP9	德国波恩 Bonn, Germany	决定IX/28: 首次明确提出“城市生物多样性”, 呼吁加强对城市生态系统的关注, 并制定和实施城市生物多样性战略和行动计划。Decision IX/28: Explicitly introduced the concept of “urban biodiversity” for the first time, calling for increased attention to urban ecosystems and the development and implementation of urban biodiversity strategies and action plans.
2010	COP10	日本名古屋 Nagoya, Japan	决定X/22: 认可“城市生物多样性指数” (新加坡指数)作为衡量和监控工具, 鼓励将生物多样性纳入城市规划。Decision X/22: Endorsed the “City Biodiversity Index” (Singapore Index) as a monitoring and evaluation tool, encouraging the integration of biodiversity considerations into urban planning processes.
2012	COP11	印度海德拉巴 Hyderabad, India	决定XI/8: 强调在城市规划中整合生物多样性保护措施, 促进生态系统服务供给, 确保城市居民的福祉。Decision XI/8: Highlighted the need to integrate biodiversity conservation measures into urban planning to promote ecosystem service provision and ensure the well-being of urban residents.
2014	COP12	韩国平昌 Pyeongchang, South Korea	决定XII/9: 支持并推广城市生物多样性指数, 强调通过绿色基础设施和生态走廊提高城市生态系统连通性。Decision XII/9: Supported the adoption and promotion of the City Biodiversity Index, emphasizing the enhancement of urban ecosystem connectivity through green infrastructure and ecological corridors.
2016	COP13	墨西哥坎昆 Cancun, Mexico	决定XIII/3: 在城市化、基础设施和土地利用规划中主流化生物多样性, 呼吁各国在政策制定中考虑纳入生物多样性。Decision XIII/3: Mainstreamed biodiversity into urbanization, infrastructure, and land-use planning frameworks, urging member states to incorporate biodiversity into national and local policy development.
2018	COP14	埃及沙姆沙伊赫 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt	决定XIV/8: 加强城市和地方生物多样性保护, 推广基于自然的解决方案, 应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失等挑战。Decision XIV/8: Strengthened urban and local biodiversity conservation efforts, advocating for nature-based solutions to address challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss.
2021-2022	COP15	中国昆明和加拿大蒙特利尔 Kunming, China & Montreal, Canada	《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》: 目标12提出确保所有城市和地方采取措施增强生物多样性, 促进绿色基础设施建设, 强调通过自然解决方案提高生态系统服务和居民福祉。Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Target 12 mandates all cities and local governments to implement measures that enhance biodiversity, advance green infrastructure development, and emphasize nature-based solutions to improve ecosystem services and resident well-being.

年份 Year	缔约方大会 COP	地点 Location	关于城市绿地生物多样性的决定 Decisions related to urban green space biodiversity
1994	COP1	巴哈马拿骚 Nassau, Bahamas	无专门针对城市绿地生物多样性的决定, 主要集中在总体生物多样性保护目标和策略。 There are no dedicated decisions specifically targeting urban green space biodiversity; current efforts are primarily concentrated on overarching biodiversity conservation goals and strategies.
1995	COP2	印度尼西亚雅加达 Jakarta, Indonesia
1996	COP3	阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯 Buenos Aires, Argentina
1998	COP4	斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发 Bratislava, Slovakia
2000	COP5	肯尼亚内罗毕 Nairobi, Kenya
2002	COP6	荷兰海牙 Hague, the Netherlands
2004	COP7	马来西亚吉隆坡 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2006	COP8	巴西库里提巴 Curitiba, Brazil
2008	COP9	德国波恩 Bonn, Germany	决定IX/28: 首次明确提出“城市生物多样性”, 呼吁加强对城市生态系统的关注, 并制定和实施城市生物多样性战略和行动计划。Decision IX/28: Explicitly introduced the concept of “urban biodiversity” for the first time, calling for increased attention to urban ecosystems and the development and implementation of urban biodiversity strategies and action plans.
2010	COP10	日本名古屋 Nagoya, Japan	决定X/22: 认可“城市生物多样性指数” (新加坡指数)作为衡量和监控工具, 鼓励将生物多样性纳入城市规划。Decision X/22: Endorsed the “City Biodiversity Index” (Singapore Index) as a monitoring and evaluation tool, encouraging the integration of biodiversity considerations into urban planning processes.
2012	COP11	印度海德拉巴 Hyderabad, India	决定XI/8: 强调在城市规划中整合生物多样性保护措施, 促进生态系统服务供给, 确保城市居民的福祉。Decision XI/8: Highlighted the need to integrate biodiversity conservation measures into urban planning to promote ecosystem service provision and ensure the well-being of urban residents.
2014	COP12	韩国平昌 Pyeongchang, South Korea	决定XII/9: 支持并推广城市生物多样性指数, 强调通过绿色基础设施和生态走廊提高城市生态系统连通性。Decision XII/9: Supported the adoption and promotion of the City Biodiversity Index, emphasizing the enhancement of urban ecosystem connectivity through green infrastructure and ecological corridors.
2016	COP13	墨西哥坎昆 Cancun, Mexico	决定XIII/3: 在城市化、基础设施和土地利用规划中主流化生物多样性, 呼吁各国在政策制定中考虑纳入生物多样性。Decision XIII/3: Mainstreamed biodiversity into urbanization, infrastructure, and land-use planning frameworks, urging member states to incorporate biodiversity into national and local policy development.
2018	COP14	埃及沙姆沙伊赫 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt	决定XIV/8: 加强城市和地方生物多样性保护, 推广基于自然的解决方案, 应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失等挑战。Decision XIV/8: Strengthened urban and local biodiversity conservation efforts, advocating for nature-based solutions to address challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss.
2021-2022	COP15	中国昆明和加拿大蒙特利尔 Kunming, China & Montreal, Canada	《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》: 目标12提出确保所有城市和地方采取措施增强生物多样性, 促进绿色基础设施建设, 强调通过自然解决方案提高生态系统服务和居民福祉。Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Target 12 mandates all cities and local governments to implement measures that enhance biodiversity, advance green infrastructure development, and emphasize nature-based solutions to improve ecosystem services and resident well-being.