上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态: 以闵行区生态岛为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2024444

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 24444. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024444 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024444

所属专题：昆蒙框架目标12下的中国城市生物多样性研究专辑

上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态: 以闵行区生态岛为例

吴晓晴¹(), 张美惠¹, 葛苏婷¹(), 李漫淑¹, 达良俊², 宋坤¹(), 沈国春¹(), 张健³^,^*()()

1.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
2.西安建筑科技大学交叉创新研究院, 干旱半干旱区生态科学与工程研究院, 西安 710055
3.中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275

收稿日期:2024-10-11 接受日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通讯作者: 张健
基金资助:
上海市教育委员会科研创新计划(2023ZKZD36)

Spatiotemporal dynamics of woody plant species diversity and aboveground biomass during near-nature forest reconstruction in Shanghai: A case study from the eco-island in Minhang District

Xiaoqing Wu¹(), Meihui Zhang¹, Suting Ge¹(), Manshu Li¹, Liangjun Da², Kun Song¹(), Guochun Shen¹(), Jian Zhang³^,^*()()

1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2. Institute of Science and Engineering of Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
3. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

Received:2024-10-11 Accepted:2024-12-18 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-03-11
Contact: Jian Zhang
Supported by:
Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD36)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近自然林营造是加速城市森林植被恢复的重要方式, 但其恢复过程中植物多样性、地上生物量的时空动态及其空间尺度效应尚不明晰。本研究以2006年在上海市闵行区使用乡土树种营造的亚热带近自然林为研究对象, 于2023年对其植物群落组成进行全面调查, 并与2007‒2023年间的5次核心样方追踪调查结果进行对比, 分析了物种多样性、地上生物量及二者关系在时空尺度上的变化规律。结果表明: (1)随着演替进行, 木本植物丰富度由2007年的11种增至2023年的18种, 植株密度先升高后下降; 地上生物量由2007年的3.51 t/ha增加至2023年的208.83 t/ha, 樟(Camphora officinarum)、小叶青冈(Quercus myrsinifolia)等常绿树种逐渐成为群落优势种; 地上生物量与物种丰富度(P < 0.01)、平均树高(P < 0.001)均呈显著正相关, 而与植株密度呈显著负相关(P < 0.01); (2)在5 m、10 m和20 m 3个空间尺度上, 地上生物量与植株密度的正相关关系都极为显著(P < 0.001); 而随着尺度增大, 地上生物量与平均树高的关系由5 m尺度的不显著转变为10 m (P < 0.05)与20 m尺度(P < 0.05)的显著负相关。综上, 在17年的亚热带森林恢复过程中, 近自然林的营造模式已展现出其加速演替进程的效力。在近自然林营造中, 应注重乡土树种的优势作用, 选择多样化的物种组合, 进而有效推动植物多样性与碳储量的协同提升。

关键词: 城市近自然林, 物种多样性, 生物量累积, 群落演替, 亚热带森林

Abstract

Aims: Reconstruction of near-nature forests is an important approach to accelerate the recovery of urban vegetation and forest restoration. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of species diversity, canopy structure, and biomass during the subtropical forest restoration remain unclear, especially in highly urbanized regions.

Methods: Based on long-term subtropical near-nature forest plant community that planted with native tree species in 2006 in Minhang District of the megacity Shanghai, we did the resurvey of plant community in 2023, and compared with the compositional changes of plant community through five historical surveys of core plots from 2007 to 2023. Aboveground biomass and the relations among aboveground biomass, species richness and tree height across temporal and spatial scales were analyzed using general linear regression.

Results: Along with near-nature forest succession, woody plant richness increased from 11 in 2007 to 18 in 2023, and stem density increased at early stages and then decreased. The aboveground biomass increased from 3.51 t/ha in 2007 to 208.83 t/ha in 2023. Evergreen tree species such as Camphora officinarum and Quercus myrsinifolia gradually became the dominant species. Aboveground biomass showed significant positive correlations with species richness (P < 0.01) and mean tree height (P < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation with stem density (P < 0.01). When comparing the compositional changes over space, at three scales of 5 m, 10 m and 20 m, the relations between aboveground biomass and stem density remained highly significantly positive (P < 0.001), but the relations with mean tree height shifted from no significant at 5 m scale to significantly negative at 10 m (P < 0.05) and 20 m (P < 0.05) scales.

Conclusion: During the 17-year subtropical forest restoration, the model of near-nature forest construction has clearly exhibited its efficacy in accelerating the succession process. These preliminary findings suggest that, during the construction and restoration of near-nature forests, we should pay attention to the dominant role of native tree species, and consider diverse species composition to effectively promote plant diversity and carbon storage.

Key words: urban near-nature forest, species diversity, biomass accumulation, community succession, subtropical forest

吴晓晴, 张美惠, 葛苏婷, 李漫淑, 达良俊, 宋坤, 沈国春, 张健 (2025) 上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态: 以闵行区生态岛为例. 生物多样性, 33, 24444. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024444.

Xiaoqing Wu, Meihui Zhang, Suting Ge, Manshu Li, Liangjun Da, Kun Song, Guochun Shen, Jian Zhang (2025) Spatiotemporal dynamics of woody plant species diversity and aboveground biomass during near-nature forest reconstruction in Shanghai: A case study from the eco-island in Minhang District. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24444. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024444.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024444

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图/表 8

图1 上海市闵行区近自然林2007年与2023年的对比图。图片提供者: (a)达良俊; (b)沈国春; (c)达良俊; (d)吴晓晴。

Fig. 1 Comparisons between the near-nature forest in 2007 and 2023 in Minhang District, Shanghai. Photos provider: (a) Liangjun Da; (b) Guochun Shen; (c) Liangjun Da; (d) Xiaoqing Wu.

图2 2007-2023年上海市闵行区近自然林群落结构特征的变化

Fig. 2 Dynamics of plant community structural characteristics of near-nature forest from 2007 to 2023 in Minhang District, Shanghai. AGB, Aboveground biomass; GiniHt, Gini coefficient of tree height.

表1 2007-2023年上海市闵行区近自然林优势树种地上生物量和平均树高的时间变化

Table 1 Temporal dynamics of aboveground biomass (AGB) and their mean tree heights in near-nature forest from 2007 to 2023 in Minhang District, Shanghai

树种 Tree species	地上生物量(地上生物量占比%) AGB (t/ha) (AGB percentage, %)					平均树高 Mean tree height (m)
树种 Tree species	2007	2008	2012	2018	2023	2007	2008	2012	2018	2023
楝 Melia azedarach	1.22 (34.72)	4.58 (37.45)	16.80 (18.56)			3.29	4.16	6.42
朴树 Celtis sinensis	0.92 (26.14)	3.24 (26.48)		11.62 (6.37)		3.63	5.33		6.31
珊瑚朴 Celtis julianae	0.38 (10.87)	1.50 (12.30)				3.54	4.16
枫杨 Pterocarya stenoptera	0.25 (7.14)	1.03 (8.39)	13.22 (14.60)	41.44 (22.72)	32.44 (15.53)	3.33	4.53	8.31	11.62	11.70
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	0.23 (6.46)	0.67 (5.45)				0.96	4.08
合欢 Albizia julibrissin			16.61 (18.35)	26.79 (14.69)	10.91 (5.23)			10.80	11.56	11.07
樟 Camphora officinarum			15.04 (16.62)	39.16 (21.47)	30.49 (14.60)			8.20	7.00	12.04
舟山新木姜子 Neolitsea sericea			5.79 (6.40)					3.31
青冈 Quercus glauca			5.06 (5.59)					3.96
女贞 Ligustrum lucidum				12.76 (7.00)					6.79
小叶青冈 Quercus myrsinifolia				12.36 (6.78)	13.71 (6.57)				4.89	5.14
麻栎 Quercus acutissima				11.73 (6.43)					9.10
无患子 Sapindus saponaria					45.72 (21.89)					9.63
复羽叶栾树 Koelreuteria bipinnata					13.47 (6.45)					12.40
栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata					11.89 (5.69)					11.47

图3 上海市闵行区近自然林地上生物量与物种丰富度(a)、植株密度(b)、平均树高(c)和树高变异性(d)的关系。** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Relations between aboveground biomass (AGB) and species richness (a), stem density (b), mean tree height (c), and Gini coefficient of tree height (GiniHt) (d) in near-nature forest in Minhang District, Shanghai. ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图4 上海市闵行区近自然林物种丰富度(a, c, e)与植株密度(b, d, f)在3个尺度上的空间分布图。横纵坐标分别表示东、北方向上距离俯拍图中西南角原点的距离。

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of species richness (a, c, e) and stem density (b, d, f) at three scales in near-nature forest in Minhang District, Shanghai. The horizontal and vertical coordinates represent the distances eastward and northward from the origin at the southwest corner in the landscape view, respectively.

图5 上海市闵行区近自然林地上生物量(a, c, e)与平均树高(b, d, f)在3个尺度上的空间分布图。横纵坐标分别表示东、北方向上距离俯拍图中西南角原点的距离。

Fig. 5 Spatial distributions of plant aboveground biomass (AGB) (a, c, e) and mean tree height (b, d, f) at three scales in near-nature forest in Minhang District, Shanghai. The horizontal and vertical coordinates represent the distances eastward and northward from the origin at the southwest corner in the landscape view, respectively.

图6 上海市闵行区近自然林地上生物量与植株密度在3个空间尺度上的相关性。*** P < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Correlations between aboveground biomass (AGB) and stem density at three spatial scale in near-nature forest in Minhang District, Shanghai. *** P < 0.001.

图7 上海市闵行区近自然林地上生物量与平均树高在3个空间尺度上的相关性。* P < 0.05。

Fig. 7 Correlations between aboveground biomass (AGB) and mean height at three spatial scales in near-nature forest in Minhang District, Shanghai. * P < 0.05

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上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态: 以闵行区生态岛为例

Spatiotemporal dynamics of woody plant species diversity and aboveground biomass during near-nature forest reconstruction in Shanghai: A case study from the eco-island in Minhang District

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