大都市地区的自然留野: 趋势与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2024481

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 24481. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024481 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024481

所属专题：昆蒙框架目标12下的中国城市生物多样性研究专辑

大都市地区的自然留野: 趋势与展望

袁琳¹^,^*(), 王思琦², 侯静轩³

1.清华大学建筑学院, 北京 100084
2.西南民族大学建筑学院, 成都 610225
3.自然资源部国土空间规划研究中心, 北京 100034

收稿日期:2024-10-31 接受日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-23
通讯作者: 袁琳
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3800102);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3802804);北京市社会科学基金(18SRC021)

Leaving space for wildness in metropolitan region: Trends and prospects

Lin Yuan¹^,^*(), Siqi Wang², Jingxuan Hou³

1. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. School of Architecture, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China
3. Research Center of Territorial Spatial Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100034, China

Received:2024-10-31 Accepted:2025-02-12 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-23
Contact: Lin Yuan
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3800102);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3802804);Beijing Social Science Foundation(18SRC021)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

留野作为国土空间维持生物多样性的重要举措, 在支持大都市地区生态可持续和高品质人居环境建设方面同样具有重要意义。当前大都市地区的规划体系对此探讨尚显不足, 而在生态文明体制推进过程中, 这一点尤需重视。本研究以历史的视角, 从大都市地区全域和城区两个尺度梳理了近30年中国大都市地区多类型自然生态空间的发展, 分析了大都市地区全域范围自然保护地与建成区共存格局逐渐增强的态势, 以及核心城区从突出绿色空间与建成区协同拓展到重点培育包含生态保护区的大型郊野公园的发展过程, 综合揭示了当前大都市地区自然留野现象逐步增强的趋势。进而, 围绕生态文明体制下的大都市地区规划, 从观念调整、体系发展、机制优化等方面进行了探讨与展望。本研究倡导立足大都市地区规划探索系统的留野区, 推动相关治理手段的发展, 支持“城野共荣”的未来大都市地区新形态的发展。

关键词: 留野, 大都市地区, 生物多样性, 人居环境

Abstract

Aims: Leaving space for wildness as a critical initiative for maintaining biodiversity within national territorial space, holds significant importance in supporting the construction of ecologically sustainable and high-quality metropolitan regions. However, current metropolitan planning systems have not sufficiently addressed this issue, and it is particularly crucial to emphasize this aspect in the advancement of the ecological civilization system.

Methods: This study adopts a historical perspective to examine the development of various types of natural ecological spaces in Chinese metropolitan areas over the past 30 years, focusing on both the overall metropolitan region and the urban core. It analyzes the increasingly prominent coexistence pattern between protected areas and built-up areas across metropolitan regions, as well as the evolution in core urban areas from emphasizing the coordinated expansion of green spaces and built-up areas to the focused development of large suburban parks that incorporate ecological conservation zones.

Results: These findings collectively reveal the gradually strengthening trend of natural wilderness preservation in contemporary metropolitan areas. Furthermore, the study explores and envisions metropolitan planning under the framework of the ecological civilization system, addressing aspects such as conceptual adjustments, system development, and mechanism optimization.

Conclusion: It advocates for the exploration of systematic space for wildness within metropolitan planning frameworks, promoting the development of relevant governance tools to support the future emergence of a new metropolitan form characterized by “urban-wilderness coexistence”.

Key words: leaving space for wildness, metropolitan region, biodiversity, human settlements

袁琳, 王思琦, 侯静轩 (2025) 大都市地区的自然留野: 趋势与展望. 生物多样性, 33, 24481. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024481.

Lin Yuan, Siqi Wang, Jingxuan Hou (2025) Leaving space for wildness in metropolitan region: Trends and prospects. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24481. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024481.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024481

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I5/24481

图/表 10

图1 1990-2019年我国百万人口以上大都市与五类国家级自然保护地数量、面积增长情况

Fig. 1 Growth in the number and area of metropolitan regions with a population over one million and five types of national protected areas from 1990 to 2019

图2 1990-2019年大都市地区建成区与五类国家级自然保护地的空间关系

Fig. 2 Spatial relationship between built-up areas and five types of national protected areas in metropolitan regions from 1990 to 2019

图3 1990-2019年大都市地区内五类国家级自然保护地数量及其在全国五类国家级自然保护地总数中的占比增长情况

Fig. 3 Growth in the number of five types of national protected areas within the metropolitan regions and their share of the total number of five types of national protected areas in the country from 1990 to 2019

图4 1990-2019年大都市地区五类国家级自然保护地面积及其与建成区距离变化情况

Fig. 4 Changes in the area of five types of national protected areas and their distance from built-up areas in metropolitan regions from 1990 to 2019

图5 东部、中部和西部地区五类国家级自然保护地统计图

Fig. 5 Statistics of five types of national protected areas in the east, central and west regions

图6 东部、中部和西部大都市地区五类国家级自然保护地的变化趋势

Fig. 6 Spatial trends of five types of national protected areas in the eastern, central and western metropolitan regions

图7 2000-2017年27个百万人口省会城市/直辖市建成区面积与城市绿地率增长的关系

Fig. 7 Relationship between built-up area expansion and urban green space ratio growth in provincial capitals/municipalities (2000-2017)

图8 2000-2017年百万人口省会/直辖市建成区面积平均值与绿色空间比例平均值的关系

Fig. 8 Relationship between the average built-up area and the average proportion of green spaces in provincial capitals/ municipalities (2000-2017)

图9 2018年以来典型的大型郊野公园营造

Fig. 9 Development of typical large suburban parks since 2018

图10 在大都市地区探索系统的留野区

Fig. 10 Exploration for system of leaving space for wildness in metropolitan regions

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大都市地区的自然留野: 趋势与展望

Leaving space for wildness in metropolitan region: Trends and prospects

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