刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜对滨海湿地土壤细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2025468

生物多样性

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刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜对滨海湿地土壤细菌群落结构的影响

黄薇^1,2, 刘一凡², 方涛², 赵微², 王荣³, 吴婷², 靳瑜², 罗芳丽^2,4*, 郭允倩^1*, 朱耀军^5,6*

1. 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院, 北京 100083; 2. 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083; 3. 北京力科惠泽科技有限公司, 北京 100085; 4. 黄河流域生态系统保护修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083; 5. 广东湛江红树林湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 广东湛江 524448; 6. 中国林业科学院研究生态保护与修复研究所, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2025-11-23 修回日期:2026-03-05 接受日期:2026-04-22 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-07-01
通讯作者: 罗芳丽, 郭允倩, 朱耀军
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32371584); 国家自然科学基金(32071525); 广东省林业局科技项目(2023KYXM09); 广东湛江红树林国际重要湿地互花米草治理区域生态监测和成效评估项目(GDFL2301Q10N245)

Effects of mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching on soil bacterial community structure in coastal wetlands

Wei Huang^1,2, Yifan Liu², Tao Fang², Wei Zhao², Rong Wang³, Ting Wu², Yu Jin², Fangli Luo^2,4*, Yunqian Guo^1*, Yaojun Zhu^5,6*

1 School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

2 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

3 Beijing Eco-mind Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100085, China

4 Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of the Yellow River Basin, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China

5 National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem in Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524448, China

6 Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Research Institute of Wetland, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2025-11-23 Revised:2026-03-05 Accepted:2026-04-22 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-07-01
Contact: Fangli Luo, Yunqian Guo, Yaojun Zhu

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 刈割与覆膜是控制滨海湿地入侵植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的关键物理措施, 然而, 其长期治理对土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响尚不明确。本研究以广东湛江滩涂互花米草入侵地土壤为研究对象, 通过设置刈割后互花米草在覆膜条件下残体清除与保留以及未覆膜条件下残体清除和保留4种处理组合, 测定其土壤理化指标并通过扩增子测序对土壤细菌群落特征进行研究, 分析土壤细菌群落组成与环境因子的相关性。研究发现, 保留互花米草残体显著提高土壤总氮、总碳、有机碳及速效钾的含量。长期覆膜显著降低土壤细菌α多样性、主要细菌的相对丰度并改变群落结构。去除残体覆膜处理下细菌的Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson多样性指数显著低于其余处理; 去除残体覆膜处理下弯曲菌门与硫卵菌属(Sulfurovum)相对丰度显著增加; 温度、总氮、总碳、有机碳、速效钾等共同影响弧菌属(Vibrio)、盐微菌属(Salinimicrobium)等优势细菌丰度, 共同解释74.6%的群落结构变异。综上, 刈割后覆膜是互花米草有效的物理治理措施, 但长期覆膜与残体去除会显著降低土壤细菌群落多样性并改变群落结构, 因此, 在刈割处理后, 应设置合理的覆膜时间并保留刈割后的植物残体, 以避免对土壤细菌群落多样性和结构产生较大负面影响。

关键词: 覆膜, 刈割, 滨海湿地, 互花米草, 土壤理化性质, 细菌群落

Abstract

Aims: Mowing and mulching are key physical measures for controlling the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands. However, their long-term effects on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities remain unclear.

Methods: This study investigated soil from the S. alterniflora-invaded tidal flats in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. Four treatment combinations were established: removal versus retention of cut S. alterniflora residues under mulching conditions, and removal versus retention under non-mulching conditions. Soil physicochemical parameters were measured, and soil bacterial community characteristics were analyzed via amplicon sequencing to examine correlations between bacterial community composition and environmental factors.

Results: (1) Retaining S. alterniflora residues significantly increased soil total nitrogen, total carbon, organic carbon, and available potassium content. (2) Long-term mulching markedly reduced soil bacterial α diversity and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial taxa, and altered the community structure. Under the residue-removal mulching treatment, bacterial Pielou’s evenness and Simpson’s diversity indices were significantly lower than those in other treatments. The relative abundances of the Campylobacterota phylum and Sulfurovum genus significantly increased under residue-removal mulching. (3) Temperature, total nitrogen, total carbon, organic carbon, and available potassium jointly influenced the abundance of dominant bacteria such as Vibrio and Salinimicrobium, collectively explaining 74.6% of the variation in community structure.

Conclusion: Mulching after mowing is an effective physical control measure for S. alterniflora. However, long-term mulching combined with residue removal significantly reduces soil bacterial community diversity and alters community structure. Therefore, after mowing, a reasonable mulching duration should be established and mowed plant residues retained to avoid substantial negative impacts on soil bacterial community diversity and structure.

Key words: mulching, mowing, coastal wetlands, Spartina alterniflora, soil physichemical properties, bacterial community

黄薇, 刘一凡, 方涛, 赵微, 王荣, 吴婷, 靳瑜, 罗芳丽, 郭允倩, 朱耀军. 刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜对滨海湿地土壤细菌群落结构的影响. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025468.

Wei Huang, Yifan Liu, Tao Fang, Wei Zhao, Rong Wang, Ting Wu, Yu Jin, Fangli Luo, Yunqian Guo, Yaojun Zhu. Effects of mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching on soil bacterial community structure in coastal wetlands. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025468.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025468

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I5/25468

图/表 7

表1 刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜处理对土壤理化性质的影响

Table 1 Effects of mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic-film mulching on soil physicochemical properties

指标 Indicators	保留残体 Residue retention	保留残体 + 覆膜 Residue retention + film mulching	去除残体 Residue removal	去除残体 + 覆膜 Residue removal + film mulching
EC (μs/cm)	0.34 ± 0.01^a	0.35 ± 0.02^a	0.28 ± 0.01^b	0.24 ± 0.01^b
Temperature (℃)	15.34 ± 0.11^d	18.32 ± 0.10^c	22.20 ± 0.17^b	25.74 ± 0.49^a
TN (g/kg)	1.58 ± 0.06^a	0.99 ± 0.17^b	1.24 ± 0.17^ab	1.32 ± 0.09^ab
TC (g/kg)	17.22 ± 0.46^a	11.58 ± 1.27^b	13.96 ± 1.03^ab	15.38 ± 1.01^ab
SOC (g/kg)	16.66 ± 0.40^a	11.07 ± 1.26^b	13.62 ± 0.97^ab	14.64 ± 1.18^ab
NH₄⁺-N (mg/kg)	18.45 ± 0.58^a	17.93 ± 1.00^a	17.16 ± 0.60^a	19.48 ± 0.85^a
AK (mg/kg)	737.63 ± 21.46^a	537.40 ± 29.03^b	655.10 ± 54.88^ab	685.40 ± 19.57^a
AP (mg/kg)	58.50 ± 4.92^b	50.72 ± 5.62^b	66.56 ± 4.30^b	90.40 ± 5.89^a

图1 刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜处理下土壤细菌门水平(A)和属水平(B)的相对丰度

Fig. 1 Relative abundance of soil bacteria at the phylum level (A) and genus level (B) under mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching treatments

图2 刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜处理下根际土壤细菌群落的α多样性指数。不同小写字母表示不同处理之间多样性指数差异显著, P < 0.05。

Fig. 2 α diversity indices of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities under mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching treatments. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in diversity indices among treatments (P < 0.05).

图3 刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜处理下土壤细菌群落结构基于加权UniFrac距离的非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序分析

Fig. 3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination analysis of soil bacterial community structure based on weighted UniFrac distances under mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching treatments

表2 基于加权UniFrac距离的β多样性指数组间差异显著性检验表

Table 2 Significance test for β diversity index differences between groups based on weighted UniFrac distance

两两组别 Pairwise groups	差值 Difference	P值 P value	置信下限 LCL	置信上限 UCL
保留残体/去除残体 Residue retention/residue removal	-0.667	0.735	-5.049	3.715
保留残体/保留残体 + 覆膜 Residue retention/residue retention + film mulching	-3.33	0.118	-7.715	1.049
保留残体/去除残体 + 覆膜 Residue retention/residue removal + film mulching	4.667	0.040	0.285	9.049
去除残体/保留残体 + 覆膜 Residue removal/residue retention + film mulching	-2.667	0.198	-7.049	1.715
去除残体/去除残体 + 覆膜 Residue removal/residue removal + film mulching	5.333	0.023	0.951	9.715
保留残体+覆膜/去除残体 + 覆膜 Residue retention + film mulching/residue removal + film mulching	8.000	0.003	3.618	12.382

图4 刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜处理下土壤多级物种水平上细菌群落线性判别分析(LDA)值分布柱状图(LDA得分(log10) > 4, P < 0.05)

Fig. 4 Distribution of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores for soil bacterial taxa at multiple taxonomic levels under mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching treatments (LDA score (log10) > 4, P < 0.05)

图5 细菌优势属群落与土壤理化因子的相关性分析。(A) Spearman相关性分析; (B)基于距离的冗余(bd-RDA)分析。图A中, * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。EC: 土壤电导率; Temperature: 温度; TN: 总氮; TC: 总碳; SOC: 土壤有机碳; NH4+-N: 铵态氮; AK: 速效钾; AP: 有效磷。图B中, A-D分别对应4个处理组, 编号1-3表示每个处理组的重复样品。

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between dominant bacterial genera and soil physicochemical factors. (A) Spearman correlation analysis; (B) Distance-based redundancy bd-RDA analysis. In Fig. A, * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. EC, Soil electrical conductivity; TN, Total nitrogen; TC, Total carbon; SOC, Soil organic carbon; NH4+-N, Ammonium nitrogen; AK, Available potassium; AP, Available phosphorus. In Fig. B, A-D correspond to the four treatment groups, and the numbers 1-3 represent the replicates of each treatment group.

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刈割后互花米草残体保留与覆膜对滨海湿地土壤细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of mowed Spartina alterniflora residue retention and plastic film mulching on soil bacterial community structure in coastal wetlands

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