辽河口不同退塘还湿方式对大型底栖动物的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2024316

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 24316. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024316 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024316

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

辽河口不同退塘还湿方式对大型底栖动物的影响

宋远昊, 龚吕, 李贲^*()(), 胡阳, 李秀珍^*()()

华东师范大学河口海岸全国重点实验室, 上海 200062

收稿日期:2024-07-15 接受日期:2024-11-25 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-03-13
通讯作者: *E-mail: bli@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn; xzli@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42141016);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2022YFE0136700)

Impacts of different pond-to-wetland restoration methods on macrofauna in the Liao River Estuary, China

Song Yuanhao, Gong Lü, Li Ben^*()(), Hu Yang, Li Xiuzhen^*()()

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2024-07-15 Accepted:2024-11-25 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-03-13
Contact: *E-mail: bli@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn; xzli@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42141016);Key Special Projects for International Cooperation in Science and Technology Innovation between Governments under the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0136700)

1. 附录.pdf(428KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “自然湿地-围塘养殖-退塘还湿”是海岸带生态保护修复背景下很多湿地面临的土地利用类型转变模式, 但不同退塘还湿方式实施后的恢复情况及其作用机理尚不清晰。为评估2015年辽河口退塘还湿工程开展后不同退塘还湿方式的大型底栖动物恢复情况, 本研究以辽河口退塘还湿工程区内退塘程度逐步提升的未推平、半推平和全推平塘坝3种退塘样地及天然盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)对照区作为调查区, 分别于2023年春季和秋季对不同样地的大型底栖动物及其环境因子进行调查和分析。结果显示: 鉴定到大型底栖动物21种, 隶属于3门5纲16科, 春季优势种为谭氏泥蟹(Ilyoplax deschampsi)、绯拟沼螺(Assiminea latericea)、小头虫(Capitella capitata)等, 秋季优势种为绯拟沼螺、拟沼螺属一种(Assiminea sp.)、小头虫等。春季半推平塘坝区大型底栖动物生物量显著高于未推平和全推平塘坝区, 秋季全推平塘坝区的大型底栖动物密度显著高于未推平和半推平塘坝区, 生物量显著高于未推平塘坝区, 均匀度指数显著低于半推平塘坝区。非度量多维尺度分析与相似性分析结果显示: 春秋两季, 不同退塘样地的大型底栖动物群落结构存在显著差异。生物与环境非线性回归表明, 高程、沉积物温度、含水率、电导率、砂含量和总氮含量与大型底栖动物分布密切相关。本研究可为我国海岸带养殖塘的修复和管理提供基础数据与理论支撑。

关键词: 退塘还湿, 生态修复, 大型底栖动物, 滨海湿地, 环境因子

Abstract

Aims: A pond-to-wetland restoration project along the Liao River Estuary was launched in 2015 to improve coastal ecological protection. However, the recovery effects on macrofauna and the underlying mechanisms associated with different pond-to-wetland restoration methods remain unclear. We analyze the macrofaunal community characteristics and their relationships with environmental factors to assess the effects of different pond-to-wetland restoration methods on macrofauna recovery.

Methods: Macrofauna and environmental factors in May (spring) and September (autumn) 2023 were taken for our analysis. We used 82 sampling points across three types of restored pond sites with increasing degrees of pond-to- wetland restoration (unleveled, semi-leveled, and fully leveled pond dike sites) and a natural Suaeda salsa control site in the Liao River Estuary. We analyzed the community structure, biodiversity, and their relationships with environmental factors using classical taxonomy, biodiversity indices, non-metric multidimensional scaling, analysis of similarities, and nonlinear regression analysis.

Results: We collected a total of 21 macrofauna species and classified these into 3 phyla, 5 classes, and 16 families. The dominant species are Ilyoplax deschampsi, Assiminea latericea, and Capitella capitata in spring and Assiminea latericea, Assiminea sp., and Capitella capitata in autumn. In spring, the species biomass in the semi-leveled pond dike area is significantly higher than in the unleveled and fully leveled pond dike area. In autumn, the species density in the fully leveled pond dike area is significantly higher than in the unleveled and semi-leveled area. Further, biomass is significantly higher than in the unleveled area with an evenness index significantly lower than in the semi-leveled area. There are significant differences in macrofaunal community structure among the different restored pond dike areas in both seasons. We also find elevation, sediment temperature, water content, conductivity, sand content, and total nitrogen content are significantly related to macrofauna distribution.

Conclusion: The species density, biomass, and diversity index values for macrofauna rose as the degree of pond-to-wetland restoration increased. Still, the semi-leveled pond dike area showed a biomass recovery similar to that of the fully leveled pond dike area and had favorable biodiversity index results. These results suggest that the semi-leveled pond dike approach may be the most suitable option after taking into account resource consumption, project duration, and restoration effects.

Key words: pond-to-wetland, ecological restoration, macrofauna, coastal wetlands, environmental factors

宋远昊, 龚吕, 李贲, 胡阳, 李秀珍 (2025) 辽河口不同退塘还湿方式对大型底栖动物的影响. 生物多样性, 33, 24316. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024316.

Song Yuanhao, Gong Lü, Li Ben, Hu Yang, Li Xiuzhen (2025) Impacts of different pond-to-wetland restoration methods on macrofauna in the Liao River Estuary, China. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24316. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024316.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024316

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I2/24316

图/表 8

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种类 Species	春季 Spring				秋季 Autumn
种类 Species	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS
软体动物门 Mollusca
腹足纲 Gastropoda
微小螺属一种 Elachisina sp.	√			√	√	√	√
拟沼螺属一种 Assiminea sp.	√		√	√	√	√	√
绯拟沼螺 Assiminea latericea		√	√	√	√	√	√	√
粗糙滨螺 Littorina scabra	√		√		√	√	√
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabra	√	√	√		√		√
泥螺 Bullacta exarata	√
古氏滩栖螺 Batillaria cumingii	√
双壳纲 Bivalvia
皱纹绿螂 Glauconome corrugata		√				√	√	√
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
软甲纲 Malacostraca
日本大眼蟹 Macrophthalmus japonicus	√
谭氏泥蟹 Ilyoplax deschampsi	√	√	√		√	√	√	√
天津厚蟹 Helice tientsinensis		√	√			√		√
日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚 Corophium volutator								√
昆虫纲 Insecta
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larva							√
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larva	√	√						√
毛头瘤虻 Hybomitra hirticeps		√
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larva		√	√
环节动物门 Annelida
多毛纲 Polychaeta
小头虫 Capitella capitata	√	√			√	√	√	√
日本刺沙蚕 Neanthes japonica						√
双齿围沙蚕 Perinereis aibuhitensis		√	√			√		√
多齿围沙蚕 Perinereis nuntia	√					√
圆锯齿吻沙蚕 Dentinephtys glabra						√

种类 Species	春季 Spring				秋季 Autumn
种类 Species	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS
软体动物门 Mollusca
腹足纲 Gastropoda
微小螺属一种 Elachisina sp.	√			√	√	√	√
拟沼螺属一种 Assiminea sp.	√		√	√	√	√	√
绯拟沼螺 Assiminea latericea		√	√	√	√	√	√	√
粗糙滨螺 Littorina scabra	√		√		√	√	√
光滑狭口螺 Stenothyra glabra	√	√	√		√		√
泥螺 Bullacta exarata	√
古氏滩栖螺 Batillaria cumingii	√
双壳纲 Bivalvia
皱纹绿螂 Glauconome corrugata		√				√	√	√
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
软甲纲 Malacostraca
日本大眼蟹 Macrophthalmus japonicus	√
谭氏泥蟹 Ilyoplax deschampsi	√	√	√		√	√	√	√
天津厚蟹 Helice tientsinensis		√	√			√		√
日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚 Corophium volutator								√
昆虫纲 Insecta
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larva							√
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larva	√	√						√
毛头瘤虻 Hybomitra hirticeps		√
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larva		√	√
环节动物门 Annelida
多毛纲 Polychaeta
小头虫 Capitella capitata	√	√			√	√	√	√
日本刺沙蚕 Neanthes japonica						√
双齿围沙蚕 Perinereis aibuhitensis		√	√			√		√
多齿围沙蚕 Perinereis nuntia	√					√
圆锯齿吻沙蚕 Dentinephtys glabra						√

物种 Species	春季 Spring				秋季 Autumn
物种 Species	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS
微小螺属一种 Elachisina sp.				0.033
拟沼螺属一种 Assiminea sp.			0.172	0.700	0.136		0.349	0.162
绯拟沼螺 Assiminea latericea			0.205	0.067	0.183	0.211	0.278
粗糙滨螺 Littorina scabra			0.054				0.178
皱纹绿螂 Glauconome corrugata		0.148				0.037		0.147
谭氏泥蟹 Ilyoplax deschampsi	0.256	0.087	0.097		0.039	0.056		0.088
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larva	0.033
小头虫 Capitella capitata	0.069	0.169			0.102	0.175		0.544
双齿围沙蚕 Perinereis aibuhitensis		0.028				0.036

物种 Species	春季 Spring				秋季 Autumn
物种 Species	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS	未推平塘坝区 UA	半推平塘坝区 SA	全推平塘坝区 FA	盐地碱蓬 SS
微小螺属一种 Elachisina sp.				0.033
拟沼螺属一种 Assiminea sp.			0.172	0.700	0.136		0.349	0.162
绯拟沼螺 Assiminea latericea			0.205	0.067	0.183	0.211	0.278
粗糙滨螺 Littorina scabra			0.054				0.178
皱纹绿螂 Glauconome corrugata		0.148				0.037		0.147
谭氏泥蟹 Ilyoplax deschampsi	0.256	0.087	0.097		0.039	0.056		0.088
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larva	0.033
小头虫 Capitella capitata	0.069	0.169			0.102	0.175		0.544
双齿围沙蚕 Perinereis aibuhitensis		0.028				0.036

季节 Season	退塘方式 Types of restoration	筛选因子组合 Selected combination	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P
春季 Spring	未推平塘坝区 Unleveled pond dike area	C, pH, TN	0.375	0.48
	半推平塘坝区 Semi-leveled pond dike area	T, TN	0.357	0.32
	全推平塘坝区 Fully leveled pond dike area	T, pH, TOC, MGS, Sand	0.220	0.90
	所有退塘区 The whole restoration area	WC, C, TN	0.259	0.04^*
秋季 Autumn	未推平塘坝区 Unleveled pond dike area	C, ELE	0.139	0.93
	半推平塘坝区 Semi-leveled pond dike area	TOC	0.360	0.21
	全推平塘坝区 Fully leveled pond dike area	WC, TOC, Silt	0.486	0.14
	所有退塘区 The whole restoration area	ELE	0.187	0.34
所有退塘区 The whole restoration area		T, TN, ELE, Sand	0.238	0.01^*

辽河口不同退塘还湿方式对大型底栖动物的影响

Impacts of different pond-to-wetland restoration methods on macrofauna in the Liao River Estuary, China

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