包头市半干旱型森林公园土壤细菌多样性与功能

doi:10.17520/biods.2022245

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 22245. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022245

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

包头市半干旱型森林公园土壤细菌多样性与功能

张旋¹, 杜薇², 徐颖¹, 王永龙¹^,^*()

1.包头师范学院生物科学与技术学院, 内蒙古包头 014030
2.北京爱尔斯生态环境工程有限公司, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2022-05-05 接受日期:2022-06-15 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-07-07
通讯作者: 王永龙
作者简介:*E-mail: wylongceltics@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自然科学基金(2021BS03027);包头师范学院科研项目(BSYKJ2021-ZQ01);包头师范学院高层次人才引进科研启动基金(BTTCRCQD2020-001)

Soil bacterial diversity and function in semi-arid forest parks in Baotou City

Xuan Zhang¹, Wei Du², Ying Xu¹, Yonglong Wang¹^,^*()

1. Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher’s College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030
2. I & Earth Ecology Environment Co., Ltd, Beijing 100101

Received:2022-05-05 Accepted:2022-06-15 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-07-07
Contact: Yonglong Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物是城市公园生态系统中物质循环的主要驱动者, 但目前对于半干旱型城市公园森林土壤细菌群落结构和功能研究较少。本研究以包头市为例, 选取奥林匹克公园(AL)、劳动公园(LD)和阿尔丁植物园(ZW) 3个典型的森林公园, 利用Illumina高通量测序的方法对细菌16S rRNA V4-V5片段进行测序, 分析城市森林公园土壤细菌的多样性、群落构成以及背后的生态学构建机制, 并使用Tax4Fun对细菌群落代谢功能进行分析。结果表明, 土壤细菌丰富度指数为LD (2,443.00 ± 9.37) > ZW (2,392.90 ± 8.23) > AL (2,305.57 ± 17.48); 细菌群落以放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和芽单胞菌门为优势门。细菌群落组成在三个公园间存在显著差异, 同时线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)结果表明, 所有公园都具有多度显著差异的细菌可操作分类单元(OTUs); 中性群落模型(NCM)、标准化随机率(NST)和基于系统发育结合的零模型推断群落组装机制(iCAMP)分析显示, 城市森林土壤细菌群落的构建是由随机性过程和确定性过程共同驱动, 其中漂变和同质化选择占主导作用。Tax4Fun功能预测结果表明涉及膜运输、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢和信号转导的代谢是该城市公园林下土壤微生物的主要代谢功能, 进一步分析表明微生物群落的代谢功能在不同公园之间存在很大差异。本研究初步探究了半干旱型城市公园细菌的多样性、群落构建机制及其功能, 为城市公园绿地建设以及生态改善等提供一定的科学依据和实践指导。

关键词: 半干旱城市, 公园林下土壤, 细菌群落, 构建机制, 功能预测

Abstract

Aim: Soil microorganisms are the main drivers of material cycling in urban park ecosystems, but there are few studies on the structure and function of forest soil bacterial communities in semi-arid urban parks.
Methods: In this study, three typical forest parks, Olympic Park (AL), Laodong Park (LD) and Aerding Botanical Garden (ZW) in Baotou City were selected, and the bacterial 16S rRNA V4-V5 regions were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing techniques to analyze the diversity, community composition and the mechanism underlying community assembly of bacteria. The metabolic functions of the bacterial community were also analyzed using Tax4Fun.
Results: The results showed that soil bacterial richness index were LD (2,443.00 ± 9.37) > ZW (2,392.90 ± 8.23) > AL (2,305.57 ± 17.48). Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadota were the dominant phyla. Bacterial community composition differed significantly among the three parks, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results indicated that all parks harbored significant opertational taxonomic units in abundance. The neutral community model (NCM), normalized stochasticity ratio (NST), and the infer community assembly mechanisms by phylogenetic-bin-based null model analysis (iCAMP) showed that community assembly of bacteria in urban forests was determined by the combination of stochastic and deterministic processes, with drift and homogeneous selection being the dominant ecological processes. The results of Tax4Fun functional prediction indicated that metabolism involving membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and signal transduction were the main metabolic functions of soil bacteria in these urban parks, and further analysis showed that the metabolic functions of microbial communities differed across parks.
Conclusion: Our study investigated preliminarily the diversities, community assembly mechanisms and functions of bacteria in the semi-arid urban parks, which could provide basic data and scientific basis for urban park green space construction and ecological improvement.

Key words: semi-arid city, park understory soil, bacterial community, construction mechanism, function prediction

张旋, 杜薇, 徐颖, 王永龙 (2022) 包头市半干旱型森林公园土壤细菌多样性与功能. 生物多样性, 30, 22245. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022245.

Xuan Zhang, Wei Du, Ying Xu, Yonglong Wang (2022) Soil bacterial diversity and function in semi-arid forest parks in Baotou City. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22245. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022245.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022245

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图/表 7

图1 包头市三个森林公园土壤细菌多样性。(a)物种累积曲线; (b)丰富度指数。*表示Wilcoxon检验P < 0.05。AL: 奥林匹克公园; LD: 劳动公园; ZW: 阿尔丁植物园。

Fig. 1 Alpha diversity of soil bacteria in three forest parks in Baotou City. (a) Species accumulation curves; (b) Richness index, * indicates Wilcoxon test P < 0.05. AL, Olympic Park; LD, Laodong Park; ZW, Aerding Botanical Garden.

图2 土壤细菌群落前15个门和科水平的相对多度?(a)门水平; (b)科水平?AL: 奥林匹克公园; LD: 劳动公园; ZW: 阿尔丁植物园? Actinobacteriota: 放线菌门 Proteobacteria: 变形菌门 Acidobacteriota: 酸杆菌门 Chloroflexi: 绿弯菌门 Gemmatimonadota: 芽单胞菌门 Planctomycetota: 浮霉菌门 Myxococcota: 粘球菌门 Bcteroidota: 拟杆菌门 Armatimonadota: 装甲菌门 Firmicutes: 厚壁菌门 Entotheonellaeota: 肠杆菌门 Nitrospirota: 硝化螺旋菌门 Desulfobacterota: 脱硫杆菌门 Latescibacterota: 隐性菌门 Gemmatimonadaceae: 芽单胞菌科 Solirubrobacteraceae: 土壤红杆菌科Nitrosomonadaceae: 亚硝化单胞菌科 Geodermatophilaceae: 地嗜皮菌科 Comamonadaceae: 丛毛单胞菌科 Pseudonocardiaceae: 假诺卡氏菌科 Micromonosporaceae: 小单孢菌科 Xanthobacteraceae: 黄色杆菌科 Others: 其他类群

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of top 15 phyla and families of soil bacterial communities. (a) Phylum level, (b) Family level. AL, Olympic Park; LD, Laodong Park; ZW, Aerding Botanical Garden.

图3 包头市三个森林公园土壤细菌群落组成。(a)基于Bray-Curtis距离的细菌群落非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序分析; (b)土壤细菌与土壤理化性状的冗余分析(RDA)。AP: 有效磷; AK: 速效钾; AN: 有效氮。AL: 奥林匹克公园; LD: 劳动公园; ZW: 阿尔丁植物园。

Fig. 3 Composition of soil bacterial communities in three forest parks in Baotou City. (a) Nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis ranking analysis of bacterial communities based on Bray-Curtis distances. (b) Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil bacteria and soil physicochemical. AP, Available phosphorus; AK, Available kalium; AN, Available nitrogen; AL, Olympic Park; LD, Laodong Park; ZW, Aerding Botanical Garden.

图4 基于可操纵分类单元(OTU)水平的土壤细菌群落差异(线性判别分析效应大小: LDA > 3, P < 0.05)。AL: 奥林匹克公园; LD: 劳动公园; ZW: 阿尔丁植物园。

Fig. 4 Differences in soil bacterial communities based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) levels (linear discriminant analysis effect size: LDA > 3, P < 0.05). AL, Olympic Park; LD, Laodong Park; ZW, Aerding Botanical Garden.

图5 土壤细菌群落的生态过程。(a)奥林匹克公园、(b)劳动公园和(c)阿尔丁植物园土壤细菌的中性群落模型(NCM); (d)三个公园的标准化随机率(NST)。

Fig. 5 Ecological processes in soil bacterial communities. Neutral community model (NCM) of soil bacteria in Olympic Park (a), Labor Park (c) and Aerding Botanical Garden (c); (d) The normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) in the three parks.

图6 各生态过程对土壤细菌构建的重要性。基于零模型(iCAMP)表示生态过程的重要性, (a) AL: 奥林匹克公园; (b) LD劳动公园; (c) ZW: 阿尔丁植物园。HeS: 异质选择; HoS: 同质化选择; HD: 均质扩散; DL: 扩散限制; DR: 漂变。

Fig. 6 The relative importance of ecological processes in soil bacterial community assembly. The importance of ecological processes was indicated by infer community assembly mechanisms by phylogenetic-bin-based null model analysis (iCAMP), (a) AL, Olympic Park; (b) LD, Laodong Park; (c) ZW, Aerding Botanical Garden. HeS, Heterogeneous selection, HoS, Homogeneous selection, HD, Homogenizing dispersal, DL, Dispersal limitation, DR, Drift.

图7 土壤细菌代谢功能差异。*表示Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.05。AL: 奥林匹克公园; LD: 劳动公园; ZW: 阿尔丁植物园。比例尺为代谢相对丰度的归一化值。

Fig.7 Differences in soil bacterial metabolic functions. * indicates Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.05. AL, Olympic Park; LD, Laodong Park; ZW, Aerding Botanical Garden. Scale bar is normalized value of metabolic relative abundance.

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包头市半干旱型森林公园土壤细菌多样性与功能

Soil bacterial diversity and function in semi-arid forest parks in Baotou City

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