腾格里沙漠东南缘藓结皮植物-土壤连续体不同粒径土壤微生物群落多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2023131

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 23131. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023131

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

腾格里沙漠东南缘藓结皮植物-土壤连续体不同粒径土壤微生物群落多样性

段晓敏¹^,³, 李佳佳¹, 李靖宇¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 李艳楠¹, 袁存霞¹, 王英娜¹, 刘建利¹^,²^,³

1.北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院, 银川 750021
2.宁夏特殊生境微生物资源开发与利用重点实验室, 银川 750021
3.国家民委黄河流域农牧交错区生态保护重点实验室, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2023-04-26 接受日期:2023-08-08 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-08-29
通讯作者: *E-mail: lijingyu1986@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32160306);宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC03226);北方民族大学研究生创新项目(YCX23196)

Microbial community diversity among different soil particle sizes of mossy biocrusts-soil continuum in the southeastern Tengger Desert

Xiaomin Duan¹^,³, Jiajia Li¹, Jingyu Li¹^,²^,³^,^*(), Yannan Li¹, Cunxia Yuan¹, Yingna Wang¹, Jianli Liu¹^,²^,³

1. College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021
2. Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021
3. Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Yinchuan 750021

Received:2023-04-26 Accepted:2023-08-08 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-08-29
Contact: *E-mail: lijingyu1986@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

藓结皮作为干旱半干旱地区生物土壤结皮发育演替的稳定阶段, 参与了荒漠生态系统的物质循环和能量流动, 为微生物多样性的维持提供了微生境。了解藓结皮植物-土壤连续体不同粒径土壤微生物群落多样性对认识藓结皮的生态过程具有重要意义。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq技术对藓结皮植物-土壤连续体以及结皮下层不同粒径土壤微生物多样性和群落结构进行了分析。测序结果得到10,730个细菌变异序列(ASVs)和3,035个真菌ASVs。藓结皮附着土细菌群落α多样性指数低于结皮下层, 而藓结皮附着土真菌群落α多样性指数显著高于结皮下层和结皮抖落土。藓结皮层常见的细菌门有放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、蓝细菌门、拟杆菌门, 结皮下层土壤常见的细菌门有放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门, 藓结皮附着土细菌群落变形菌门和拟杆菌门相对多度高于不同粒径藓结皮抖落土及藓结皮下层土。藓结皮层和藓结皮下层常见的真菌门有子囊菌门和担子菌门。藓结皮附着土与不同粒径抖落土在细菌群落微枝形杆菌属(Microvirga)、红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)、苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)、土壤红杆菌属(Solirubrobacter)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、芽生球菌属(Blastococcus)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、Rubellimicrobium、贫养杆菌属(Modestobacter)相对多度存在显著差异, 藓结皮附着土与不同粒径抖落土在真菌群落曲霉属(Aspergillus)、Knufia、Darksidea、粉褶蕈属(Entoloma)、Monosporascus、Bhatiellae、亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、Cladosporium、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)相对多度上存在显著差异。藓结皮附着土细菌和真菌共现性网络比不同粒径藓结皮抖落土和藓结皮下层土细菌和真菌共现性网络更复杂且连通性更好。这些研究结果有助于在微环境尺度探究生物土壤结皮参与荒漠生态系统生物地球化学循环的微生物多样性的变化规律。

关键词: 藓结皮植物-土壤连续体, 土壤粒径, 细菌群落多样性, 真菌群落多样性

Abstract

Aim: Moss biocrust formation means the stable crust development of soils in arid and semiarid regions; they participate in the material cycle and energy flow of desert ecosystems and provide a microhabitat for the maintenance of microbial diversity. The microbial diversity of soil with different particle sizes in moss biocrusts-soil continuum is of great significance for understanding the ecological process of moss biocrusts.

Method: In this study, we used Illumina MiSeq techniques to analyze the microbial diversity and community structure of different soil particle sizes in moss biocrusts-soil continuum and biocrust sublayer.

Results: A total of 10,730 bacterial amplicon sequence variant (ASVs) and 3,035 fungal ASVs were obtained by sequencing. The α diversity index of the bacterial community was lower in the moss biocrust adhesion soil than in the biocrust layer, while the α diversity index of the fungal community was significantly higher in the moss biocrust adhesion soil than in different soil particle sizes in moss biocrust sifting soil and biocrust sublayer. The common bacterial phyla of the moss biocrusts were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while the common bacterial phyla of the biocrust sublayer soil were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The common fungal phyla of the moss biocrust and biocrust layers included Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota was higher in the moss biocrust adhesion soil than in moss biocrust sifting soil and biocrust sublayer. Significant differences of relative abundance in the bacterial communities of Microvirga, Rubrobacter, Bryobacter, Solirubrobacter, Geodermatophilus, Sphingomonas, Nocardioides, Rubellimicrobium, Blastococcus and Modestobacter occurred between the moss biocrust adhesion soil and the moss biocrust sifting soil with different particle sizes. There were significant differences of relative abundance in the fungal communities of Aspergillus, Knufia, Darksidea, Entoloma, Monosporascus, Bhatiellae, Didymella, Alternaria, Cladosporiumand Fusarium between the moss biocrust adhesion soil and the moss biocrust sifting soil with different particle sizes. The results of the cooccurrence network showed that there was more complex connectivity in the rhizosphere of the mossy biocrusts than in the bulk soil and mossy biocrust sublayer.

Conclusion: These results are helpful to explore the changing rule of microbial diversity of biological soil crust participating in biogeochemical cycle of desert ecosystem at microenvironment scale.

Key words: mossy biocrusts-soil continuum, soil particle size, bacterial community diversity, fungal community diversity

段晓敏, 李佳佳, 李靖宇, 李艳楠, 袁存霞, 王英娜, 刘建利 (2023) 腾格里沙漠东南缘藓结皮植物-土壤连续体不同粒径土壤微生物群落多样性. 生物多样性, 31, 23131. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023131.

Xiaomin Duan, Jiajia Li, Jingyu Li, Yannan Li, Cunxia Yuan, Yingna Wang, Jianli Liu (2023) Microbial community diversity among different soil particle sizes of mossy biocrusts-soil continuum in the southeastern Tengger Desert. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23131. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023131.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023131

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I9/23131

图/表 9

图1 藓结皮层及下层不同粒径土壤处理示意图。BS0.5: 粒径大于0.5 mm且小于1 mm的藓结皮下层土; BS0.2: 粒径大于0.2 mm且小于0.5 mm的藓结皮下层土; BS: 粒径小于0.2 mm的藓结皮下层土; BSS0.2: 粒径大于0.2 mm且小于1 mm的藓结皮层抖落土; BSS: 粒径小于0.2 mm的藓结皮层抖落土; BAS: 粒径小于0.3 mm的藓结皮层附着土。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of soil treatment with different particle sizes of mossy biocrusts and biocrust sublayer. BS0.5, The soil of mossy crust sublayer with particle size greater than 0.5 mm and less than 1 mm; BS0.2, The soil of mossy crust sublayer with particle size greater than 0.2 mm and less than 0.5 mm; BS, The soil of mossy biocrust sublayer with particle size less than 0.2 mm; BSS0.2, The sifting soil of mossy biocrust layer with particle size greater than 0.2 mm and less than 1 mm; BSS, The sifting soil of mossy biocrust layer with particle size less than 0.2 mm; BAS, The adhesion soil of mossy biocrust layer with particle size less than 0.3 mm.

表1 研究样地土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of soil in this study

样品 Sample	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/kg)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g/kg)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)
藓结皮下层土 Mossy biocrust sublayer soil (BS)	2.462 ± 2.569^b	0.762 ± 0.016^b	0.076 ± 0.000^c	2.066 ± 0.231^c	0.140 ± 0.000^b
藓结皮抖落土 Mossy biocrust sifting soil (BSS)	2.756 ± 3.001^b	0.732 ± 0.007^b	0.158 ± 0.000^b	3.834 ± 0.116^b	0.178 ± 0.000^a
藓结皮附着土 Mossy biocrust adhesion soil (BAS)	4.981 ± 0.929^a	1.162 ± 0.038^a	0.240 ± 0.000^a	7.398 ± 0.196^a	0.190 ± 0.000^a

图2 藓结皮不同粒径土壤微生物α多样性指数。细菌群落α指数: (a) Sobs指数; (b) Chao 1指数; (c) Shannon指数; (d) Simpson指数。真菌群落α指数: (e) Sobs指数。(f) Chao 1指数。(g) Shannon指数。(h) Simpson指数。BS0.5、BS0.2、BS、BSS0.2、BSS、BAS的含义见图1。不同小写字母表示土壤微生物多样性在藓结皮不同土壤粒径上的差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 α diversity of soil microbial communities on different particle sizes of mossy biocrusts. α diversity of bacterial communities: (a) Sobs index; (b) Chao 1 index; (c) Shannon index; (d) Simpson index. α diversity of fungal communities: (e) Sobs index; (f) Chao 1 index; (g) Shannon index; (h) Simpson index. The meanings of BS0.5, BS0.2, BS, BSS0.2, BSS and BAS are shown in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in soil microbial diversity across soil particle sizes of mossy biocrusts.

图3 藓结皮不同粒径土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成。(a)细菌门水平群落结构组成; (b)真菌门水平群落结构组成; (c)细菌属水平群落结构组成; (d)真菌属水平群落结构组成。BS0.5、BS0.2、BS、BSS0.2、BSS、BAS的含义见图1。

Fig. 3 The community structure of soil bacteria and fungi on different particle sizes of mossy biocrusts. (a) The community structure of bacterial phyla; (b) The community structure of fungal phyla; (c) The community structure of bacterial genera; (d) The community structure of fungal genera. The meanings of BS0.5, BS0.2, BS, BSS0.2, BSS and BAS are shown in Fig. 1.

图4 藓结皮不同粒径土壤细菌和真菌群落Venn图和PCoA分析。(a)细菌Venn图; (b)真菌Venn图; (c)细菌PCoA图; (d)真菌PCoA图。BS0.5、BS0.2、BS、BSS0.2、BSS、BAS的含义见图1。

Fig. 4 Venn diagram and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of soil bacterial and fungal communities in mossy biocrusts with different particle sizes. (a) Bacterial Venn diagram; (b) Fungal Venn diagram; (c) Bacterial PCoA analysis; (d) Fungal PCoA analysis. The meanings of BS0.5, BS0.2, BS, BSS0.2, BSS and BAS are shown in Fig. 1.

图5 藓结皮不同粒径土壤重要细菌与真菌基于属水平的相对多度差异。(a)细菌; (b)真菌。BS0.5、BS0.2、BS、BSS0.2、BSS、BAS的含义见图1。P < 0.01表示有显著差异。

Fig. 5 Differences in the relative abundance of important soil bacteria and fungi based on genus level in mossy biocrusts with different particle sizes. (a) Bacteria; (b) Fungi. The meanings of BS0.5, BS0.2, BS, BSS0.2, BSS and BAS are shown in Fig. 1. P < 0.01 indicates significant difference.

图6 藓结皮层与结皮下层微生物基于属水平相对多度差异。(a)细菌; (b)真菌。B: 结皮层(BSS0.2、BSS、BAS); BS: 结皮下层(BS0.5、BS0.2、BS); P < 0.01表示有显著差异。

Fig. 6 Relative abundance differences between mossy biocrusts and biocrust sublayer’s microbial communities based on genus level. (a) Bacteria; (b) Fungi. B, Biocrust layer (BSS0.2, BSS and BAS); BS, Biocrust sublayer (BS0.5, BS0.2 and BS); P < 0.01 indicates significant difference.

表2 藓结皮不同粒径土壤微生物共线网络参数表

Table 2 Parameters of soil microbial network for different particle sizes of mossy biocrusts

	属性 Property	BS_0.5	BS_0.2	BS	BSS_0.2	BSS	BAS
细菌 Bacteria	边 Edge	1,511	787	915	816	1,104	1,564
	节点 Note	194	162	170	158	182	196
	平均聚类数 Average clustering coefficient	0.609	0.546	0.538	0.576	0.551	0.547
	密度 Density	0.081	0.06	0.064	0.066	0.067	0.082
	平均路径长度 Average path length	3.681	3.936	3.765	3.833	3.657	3.574
	平均度 Average degree	15.77	9.716	10.765	10.329	12.132	15.959
真菌 Fungi	边 Edge	64	46	72	110	249	397
	节点 Note	38	37	46	64	90	94
	平均聚类数 Average clustering coefficient	0.721	0.548	0.608	0.561	0.522	0.565
	密度 Density	0.091	0.069	0.608	0.055	0.062	0.091
	平均路径长度 Average path length	2.217	4.133	3.826	5.430	4.448	3.970
	平均度 Average degree	3.368	2.486	3.13	3.438	5.533	8.447

图7 藓结皮不同粒径土壤微生物的共现网络。红色的边表示正相关, 绿色的边表示负相关; BS0.5、BS0.2、BS、BSS0.2、BSS、BAS的含义见图1。

Fig. 7 Soil microbial co-occurrence network with different particle sizes in mossy biocrusts. The red edges represent positive correlation, the green edges represent negative correlation; The meanings of BS0.5, BS0.2, BS, BSS0.2, BSS and BAS are shown in Fig. 1.

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腾格里沙漠东南缘藓结皮植物-土壤连续体不同粒径土壤微生物群落多样性

Microbial community diversity among different soil particle sizes of mossy biocrusts-soil continuum in the southeastern Tengger Desert

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