降水量与塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌群落多样性和稳定性的相关性

doi:10.17520/biods.2025082

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 25082. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025082 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025082

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

降水量与塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌群落多样性和稳定性的相关性

李佳璐¹(), 李启研¹(), 赵珮杉¹(), 高广磊¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), 丁国栋¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), 张英¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵()

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
2.林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 宁夏盐池 751500
4.林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100083
5.水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-03-10 接受日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-31
通讯作者: *E-mail: gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“科技创新团队”项目(2024TSYCTD0009);新疆第三次科学考察项目(2022xjkk0201)

Correlation between precipitation and the diversity and stability of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

Jialu Li¹(), Qiyan Li¹(), Peishan Zhao¹(), Guanglei Gao¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), Guodong Ding¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵(), Ying Zhang¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵()

1 School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
3 Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, Yanchi, Ningxia 751500, China
4 Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
5 Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-03-10 Accepted:2025-07-23 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-31
Contact: *E-mail: gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(2024TSYCTD0009);Third Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to Xinjiang(2022xjkk0201)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤细菌是荒漠生态系统的重要组成部分, 研究不同降水量的荒漠土壤细菌群落多样性和稳定性具有重要意义。本研究以塔里木盆地南缘荒漠为对象, 采集且末县、民丰县、和田县、皮山县、巴楚县荒漠土壤样品, 采用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落组成, 比较降水量对总细菌、共有细菌、特有细菌多样性和稳定性的影响。结果表明: (1)降水量显著影响荒漠土壤细菌组成、多样性和群落结构, 土壤水分和盐碱度是主要环境因素。研究区的土壤细菌以假单胞菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、芽孢杆菌门和芽单胞菌门为优势菌门。总细菌的组成及多样性与共有细菌更为相似, 与相对丰度较高的特有细菌存在显著差异。(2)土壤细菌共现网络以正向边为主, 发现荒漠中的关键种群包括陆地细菌S0134群(S0134_terrestrial_group)、动性球菌属(Planococcus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等。降水量与降水频率的升高与细菌共现网络的稳定性相关, 且降水频率的影响比降水量更显著。研究结果有助于理解干旱区荒漠土壤细菌群落多样性和稳定性对环境的响应机制。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 荒漠, 降水, 土壤细菌群落, 共现网络

Abstract

Aims: Precipitation is one of the pivotal parameters for the desert ecosystems. Analyzing the diversity and stability of soil microbial communities across precipitation gradients would provide crucial insights into the environmental adaptability of the desert bacteria.

Methods: Seventy-five soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected from deserts at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin, spanning a mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradient from 26.26 to 91.43 mm, which corresponds to the MAP of Qiemo County (QM, 26.26 mm), Minfeng County (MF, 53.10 mm), Hetian County (HT, 59.77 mm), Pishan County (PS, 69.26 mm), and Bachu County (BC, 91.43 mm). Through high-throughput sequencing and co-occurrence network modeling, we compared soil bacterial community diversity and stability.

Results: The results indicated that: (1) different precipitation conditions significantly affected the composition, diversity and community structure of desert soil bacteria at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota and Gemmatimonadota were the dominant phyla of bacterial communities. Despite the higher relative abundance of specific bacteria, the composition and diversity of the whole soil bacterial communities were more similar to those of common bacterial communities and significantly different from those of specific bacterial communities. (2) The desert soil bacteria at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin were mainly cooperative. The key bacteria belong to S0134_terrestrial_group, Motococcus and Bacillus, etc. The stability of co-occurrence network was influenced by precipitation. Sufficient precipitation can improve the stability of soil bacterial co-occurrence network, while precipitation frequency had a stronger correlation.

Conclusion: Bacterial composition and diversity in desert soils at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin are governed by soil moisture and saline-alkaline constraints, with cooperative interactions dominating microbial networks, while the precipitation frequency is significantly correlated with the stability of soil bacterial community. These results help to understand how desert ecosystems respond to their environment.

Key words: Tarim Basin, desert, precipitation, soil bacterial communtiy, co-occurrence network

李佳璐, 李启研, 赵珮杉, 高广磊, 丁国栋, 张英 (2025) 降水量与塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌群落多样性和稳定性的相关性. 生物多样性, 33, 25082. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025082.

Jialu Li, Qiyan Li, Peishan Zhao, Guanglei Gao, Guodong Ding, Ying Zhang (2025) Correlation between precipitation and the diversity and stability of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Biodiversity Science, 33, 25082. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025082.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025082

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I9/25082

图/表 11

表1 塔里木盆地南缘样地地理和气候特性

Table 1 Geographical and climatic properties of plots at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

样地 Plots	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年平均降水日数 Mean annual precipitation days
且末县 QM	85.76°	38.58°	26.26	12.17	90.2
民丰县 MF	82.93°	37.04°	53.10	13.17	53.8
和田县 HT	80.36°	37.56°	59.77	13.96	85.8
皮山县 PS	79.18°	37.56°	69.26	14.38	102.8
巴楚县 BC	79.20°	39.32°	91.43	13.75	170.7

表2 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤理化性质

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of desert soil at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

样地 Plots	且末县 QM	民丰县 MF	和田县 HT	皮山县 PS	巴楚县 BC
pH	8.98 ± 0.19^b	8.66 ± 0.18^c	9.16 ± 0.07^a	9.07 ± 0.31^ab	8.40 ± 0.05^d
SWC (%)	3.72 ± 0.12^b	3.65 ± 0.68^b	6.95 ± 4.00^ab	7.99 ± 7.07^a	9.33 ± 4.24^a
EC (μs/cm)	229.07 ± 18.16^d	109.01 ± 8.41^e	1,003.27 ± 83.94^a	812.73 ± 34.46^b	653.07 ± 70.81^c
TN (g/kg)	0.16 ± 0.03^b	0.74 ± 0.25^a	0.11 ± 0.05^b	0.71 ± 0.09^a	0.13 ± 0.03^b
TP (g/kg)	0.17 ± 0.08^e	0.23 ± 0.04^d	0.39 ± 0.03^b	0.71 ± 0.05^a	0.33 ± 0.06^c
SOC (g/kg)	0.36 ± 0.08^b	0.34 ± 0.06^b	0.73 ± 0.33^a	0.33 ± 0.08^b	0.63 ± 0.12^a
TC (g/kg)	16.60 ± 3.21^ab	17.34 ± 3.16^a	14.03 ± 3.34^bc	12.61 ± 3.30^c	11.36 ± 2.72^c

图1 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌Venn图。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 1 Venn of desert soil bacteria at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

图2 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌优势菌门相对丰度。(a)总细菌; (b)共有细菌; (c)特有细菌。不同小写字母表示不同样地间优势菌门相对丰度存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 2 The relative abundance of dominant desert soil bacteria phylum at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. (a) Whole bacteria; (b) Common bacteria; (c) Specific bacteria. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla among the plots (P < 0.05). QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

图3 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌群落alpha多样性。不同小写字母表示不同样地间alpha多样性存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 3 Alpha diversity of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in alpha diversity (P < 0.05). QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

图4 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌群落beta多样性。(a)基于弦标准化的预期共享物种数(CNESS)的细菌群落结构非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS); (b)群落间CNESS与地理距离的关系。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 4 Beta diversity of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. (a) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on chord-normalized expected species shared (CNESS); (b) Relationship between CNESS and geographical distance. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

图5 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌共现网络。节点大小表示节点的连接度。紫色边代表正相关性, 黄色边代表负相关性。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 5 Co-occurrence network of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. Node size represent different degree. Purple edges represent active correlations, and yellow edges represent negative correlations. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

表3 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌共现网络拓扑特征

Table 3 Topological parameters of desert soil bacterial co-occurrence networks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

	且末县 QM	民丰县 MF	和田县 HT	皮山县 PS	巴楚县 BC
节点 Node	314	295	253	264	317
边 Link	5,482	2,106	3,317	1,864	3,074
模块化 Modularity	0.553	0.656	0.52	0.587	0.614
平均度 Average degree	34.917	14.278	26.221	14.121	19.394
平均路径长度 Average path distance	3.567	4.012	3.65	3.979	3.857
平均聚类系数 Average clustering coefficient	0.606	0.472	0.624	0.506	0.527
正向边占比 Proportion of active edges (%)	85.84	85.09	94.81	90.99	90.27
负向边占比 Proportion of negative edges (%)	14.16	14.91	5.19	9.01	9.73
共有节点占比 Proportion of common nodes (%)	1.59	0	0	0	1.26
兼有节点占比 Proportion of shared nodes (%)	35.35	17.29	8.3	6.06	19.56
特有节点占比 Proportion of specific nodes (%)	63.06	82.71	91.7	93.94	79.18

图6 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌共现网络关键节点。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 6 Key nodes of the desert soil bacterial co-occurrence networks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

图7 塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌共现网络稳定性。QM: 且末县; MF: 民丰县; HT: 和田县; PS: 皮山县; BC: 巴楚县。

Fig. 7 Stability of the desert soil bacteria co-occurrence networks at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin. QM, Qiemo County; MF, Minfeng County; HT, Hetian County; PS, Pishan County; BC, Bachu County.

图8 土壤细菌群落特征与环境因子相关性。弦的粗细表示相关性大小, 红色表示正相关关系, 绿色表示负相关关系。颜色深浅表示显著性大小, 深色表明相关性显著。active: 正向边比例; AD: 平均度; PD: 平均路径长度; CC: 平均聚类系数; MI: 模块化指数; NC/PC: 负正内聚力比; SWC: 土壤含水量; EC: 电导率; TN: 全氮; TP: 全磷; SOC: 有机碳; TC: 总碳; MAP: 年平均降水量; MAT: 年平均气温; APD: 年平均降水日数; Shannon: Shannon多样性指数; Simpson: Simpson多样性指数。

Fig. 8 Correlation between soil bacterial community characteristics and environmental factors. Thickness of the chords represents the magnitude of correlations, red indicating positive relationships, green indicating negative relationships. The color of the chords represents the significance level, darker shades indicating higher significance. Active, Fraction of positive edges; AD, Average degree; PD, Average path distance; CC, Average clustering coefficient; MI, Modularity index; NC/PC, Ratio of negative to positive cohesion; SWC, Soil water content; EC, Electrical conductivity; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; SOC, Soil organic carbon; TC, Total carbon; MAP, Mean annual precipitation; MAT, Mean annual temperature; APD, Mean annual precipitation days; Shannon, Shannon diversity index; Simpson, Simpson diversity index.

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降水量与塔里木盆地南缘荒漠土壤细菌群落多样性和稳定性的相关性

Correlation between precipitation and the diversity and stability of the desert soil bacterial communities at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin

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