基于代谢组学与转录组学技术的热带森林树种共存机制研究——以榕属植物为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2024475

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 24475. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024475 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024475

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

基于代谢组学与转录组学技术的热带森林树种共存机制研究——以榕属植物为例

余德菊¹^,², 何云雲¹^,²(), 曹敏¹(), 王刚¹(), 杨洁¹^,^*()()

1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-10-31 接受日期:2025-03-11 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-06
通讯作者: *E-mail: yangjie@xtbg.org.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y202080);中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园“十四五”规划项目(E3ZKFF1K);国家自然科学基金Dimensions合作研究项目(32061123003)

Coexistence mechanism of tropical forest tree species based on metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies: Taking Ficus species as an example

Deju Yu¹^,², Yunyun He¹^,²(), Min Cao¹(), Gang Wang¹(), Jie Yang¹^,^*()()

1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, Chnia
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chnia

Received:2024-10-31 Accepted:2025-03-11 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-06
Contact: *E-mail: yangjie@xtbg.org.cn
Supported by:
Outstanding Member of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202080);14th Five-Year Plan of the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences(E3ZKFF1K);National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Dimensions International Cooperation Research Project(32061123003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热带森林群落因其极高的物种多样性而倍受生态学家的关注。在这些群落中, 一些大属对于推动群落的多样性起着重要作用。然而, 这些大属中的众多亲缘关系相近的物种如何在有限的空间内共存, 一直是群落生态学的关键问题之一。传统研究通过测量功能性状来解释共存, 但难以全面揭示其复杂格局。本研究以榕属(Ficus)植物为例, 结合转录组学、代谢组学与功能性状测定, 探索了系统发育关系和防御性状差异如何促进局域群落中的共存。结果表明: (1)除碳氮比外, 局域共存榕属树种的防御性状均未检测到显著系统发育信号; (2)物理防御性状、防御基因及代谢物多样性显著低于随机结构(P < 0.01), 呈现性状发散格局, 而系统发育关系与随机结构无显著差异(P = 0.194); (3)防御性状多样性格局表现出生境异质性。本研究揭示了局域共存榕属树种通过防御性状的发散格局促进防御生态位分化, 防御基因和代谢物多样性为此提供了新证据, 有望为该领域提供新的见解和思路。

关键词: 局域物种共存, 代谢组, 转录组, 功能性状, 系统发育

Abstract

Aim: Tropical tree communities are characterized for their species diversity, with large genera playing a key role in promoting community diversity. However, the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of closely related species within these genera remain a central question in tropical ecology. Traditional approaches, often based on functional traits, have provided insights into niche differentiation but fall short of fully explaining the complex coexistence patterns.

Methods: This study focused on representative Ficusspecies in tropical community. By combining transcriptomics and metabolomics with phylogenetic analysis and functional traits measurements, it explored how differences in phylogenetic relationships, physical defense traits, defense-related genes, and metabolite diversity influence interspecific interactions among Ficus species, thereby promoting and maintaining their coexistence in local communities.

Results: In locally coexisting Ficus species, (1) No significant phylogenetic signals were detected in defensive traits except for C/N ratio; (2) Physical defense traits, defense-related genes, and metabolite diversity exhibited significantly lower values than random structure (P< 0.01), indicating divergent patterns, whereas phylogenetic relationships did not significantly differ from random structure (P= 0.194); (3) The diversity pattern of defensive traits reflected habitat heterogeneity.

Conclusion: This study shows that locally coexisting Ficus species promote defensive niche differentiation through the divergent pattern of defensive traits. The diversity of defense-related genes and metabolites provided new evidence for this, which is expected to provide new insights and ideas in this field.

Key words: local species coexistence, metabolome, transcriptome, functional traits, phylogeny

余德菊, 何云雲, 曹敏, 王刚, 杨洁 (2025) 基于代谢组学与转录组学技术的热带森林树种共存机制研究——以榕属植物为例. 生物多样性, 33, 24475. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024475.

Deju Yu, Yunyun He, Min Cao, Gang Wang, Jie Yang (2025) Coexistence mechanism of tropical forest tree species based on metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies: Taking Ficus species as an example. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24475. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024475.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024475

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I7/24475

图/表 6

表1 西双版纳热带季节雨林20 ha动态监测样地13种目标榕属树种的基本信息

Table 1 Basic information of 13 target Ficus species within the 20-ha dynamics plot in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest

编号 Code	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	生境 Habitat
1	青藤公 Ficus langkokensis (FICULA)	1,412	半坡 Slope
2	水同木 Ficus fistulosa (FICUFI)	917	半坡 Slope
3	对叶榕 Ficus hispida (FICUHI)	501	半坡 Slope
4	北碚榕 Ficus beipeiensis (FICUBEI)	214	沟谷 Valley
5	杂色榕 Ficus variegate (FICUVAR)	172	半坡 Slope
6	大果榕 Ficus auriculata (FICUAU)	105	沟谷 Valley
7	金毛榕 Ficus fulva (FICUFU)	103	半坡 Slope
8	大叶水榕 Ficus glaberrima (FICUGL)	79	沟谷 Valley
9	黄毛榕 Ficus esquiroliana (FICUES)	79	半坡 Slope
10	鸡嗉子榕 Ficus semicordata (FICUSE)	39	半坡 Slope
11	棒果榕 Ficus subincisa (FICUSU)	31	沟谷 Valley
12	粗叶榕 Ficus altissima (FICUAL)	30	沟谷 Valley
13	苹果榕 Ficus oligodon (FICUOL)	30	沟谷 Valley

图1 13种榕属树种在西双版纳热带季节雨林20 ha动态监测样地内的空间分布(物种缩写见表1)

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of 13 Ficus species within the 20-ha dynamics plot in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest (species abbreviations see Table 1)

表2 西双版纳热带季节雨林20 ha动态监测样地13种榕属树种物理防御性状、防御基因和化学防御性状系统发育信号检验结果

Table 2 Phylogenetic signal tests for physical defense traits, defense-related genes, and chemical defense traits of 13 Ficus species within the 20-ha dynamics plot in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest

性状 Trait	K值 K value	P值 P value
物理防御性状 Physical defense traits
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (mm)	0.280	0.967
叶片韧性 Leaf toughness	0.416	0.475
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (mg/g)	0.270	0.920
叶片碳氮比 C : N	1.063	0.008^*
防御基因 Defense genes	0.216	0.992
化学防御性状 Chemical defense traits
总代谢物 All plants secondary metabolites	0.609	0.154
生物碱类 Alkaloids	0.286	0.826
氨基酸/肽类 Amino acids/peptides	0.627	0.090
碳水化合物类 Carbohydrates	0.623	0.144
脂肪酸类 Fatty acids	0.727	0.136
聚酮类 Polyketides	0.647	0.102
莽草酸-苯丙素类 Shikimates and phenylpropanoids	0.840	0.074
萜类 Terpenoids	0.433	0.420

图2 西双版纳热带季节雨林20 ha动态监测样地榕属树种系统发育关系、物理防御性状、防御基因和代谢物的标准化平均成对距离(***表示组间比较时P < 0.01, NS表示该值与0比时P > 0.05)

Fig. 2 Standardized effect size of mean pairwise distance for phylogenetic relationships, physical defense traits, defense genes, and metabolites among Ficus species within the 20-ha dynamics plot in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest (*** indicates P < 0.01 for comparisons between groups; NS indicates P > 0.05 for comparisons with zero)

图3 西双版纳热带季节雨林20 ha动态监测样地榕属树种不同生境防御性状的标准化平均成对距离(***表示组间比较时P < 0.01)

Fig. 3 Standardized effect size of mean pairwise distance of defensive traits in Ficus species from different habitats within the 20-ha dynamics plot in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest (*** indicates P < 0.01 for comparisons between groups)

图4 西双版纳热带季节雨林20 ha动态监测样地榕属树种不同代谢物的标准化平均成对距离(***表示组间比较时P < 0.01, NS表示该值与0比P > 0.05)

Fig. 4 Standardized effect size of mean pairwise distance for different metabolites among Ficus species within the 20-ha dynamics plot in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest (*** indicates P < 0.01 for comparisons between groups; NS indicates P > 0.05 for comparisons with zero)

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基于代谢组学与转录组学技术的热带森林树种共存机制研究——以榕属植物为例

Coexistence mechanism of tropical forest tree species based on metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies: Taking Ficus species as an example

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