生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 910-917. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020446
孔玥峤1, 李晟1,*(), 刘宝权2, 周佳俊2, 李成3, 余建平4
收稿日期:
2020-12-01
接受日期:
2021-02-04
出版日期:
2021-07-20
发布日期:
2021-05-28
通讯作者:
* 李晟 E-mail: shengli@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
Yueqiao Kong1, Sheng Li1,*(), Baoquan Liu2, Jiajun Zhou2, Cheng Li3, Jianping Yu4
Received:
2020-12-01
Accepted:
2021-02-04
Online:
2021-07-20
Published:
2021-05-28
Contact:
* Sheng Li E-mail: shengli@pku.edu.cn
摘要:
中国是中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)历史分布区面积和野生种群数量最大的国家。中华穿山甲曾广泛见于我国长江以南各省, 但20世纪中期以来, 由于其甲片被作为贵重的中药材原料, 加之地下野味市场的需求, 大量非法捕猎使得我国野生穿山甲经历了剧烈的分布区缩减和种群下降。目前, 中华穿山甲已被列为我国一级重点保护野生动物, 在IUCN红色名录中被评估为极危(CR)等级。中华穿山甲分布范围广、种群密度低、活动隐秘、调查难度大, 摸清其野外分布现状是当前穿山甲研究与保护中的首要任务。为此, 本研究通过检索2010-2020年间全国范围内中华穿山甲的发现记录, 统计中华穿山甲的目击数量、空间分布以及后续状态, 制作物种分布地图, 并与历史分布情况进行对比, 以评估其野生种群的分布现状与分布区变化。2010-2020年共在11个省级行政区收集到中华穿山甲确认记录142条, 主要集中于大陆华东地区及台湾岛, 台湾、浙江、广东三省记录位点数占全部位点数的67.6%; 相较其历史分布区, 西南、华南地区近年来野外确认较为匮乏。近10年来我国的中华穿山甲记录呈逐渐增多趋势, 86%被发现的实体穿山甲得到救助、放归或未被干扰。本研究结果表明, 目前中华穿山甲在我国, 尤其是华东及台湾地区, 仍具有一定数量的野生种群分布, 且近年来民众对于穿山甲的认知和保护意识有了较大提高。 然而, 现有调查和资料仍不足以对该物种进行全面的现状评估, 亟需加强对我国野生穿山甲种群的调查、监测和保护。
孔玥峤, 李晟, 刘宝权, 周佳俊, 李成, 余建平 (2021) 2010-2020年中华穿山甲在中国的发现记录及保护现状. 生物多样性, 29, 910-917. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020446.
Yueqiao Kong, Sheng Li, Baoquan Liu, Jiajun Zhou, Cheng Li, Jianping Yu (2021) Distribution records and conservation status of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in China during 2010-2020. Biodiversity Science, 29, 910-917. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020446.
图1 野外发现与救助的中华穿山甲。(a)红外相机拍摄(地点: 广东惠州; 李成提供); (b)救助穿山甲(地点: 浙江淳安, 拍摄者: 谢航凯)。
Fig. 1 Chinese pangolins discovered and rescued in the wild. (a) Chinese pangolin captured by camera trap in Huizhou, Guangdong Province. Provided by Cheng Li; (b) Chinese pangolin been rescued in Chun’an, Zhejiang Province. Photographed by Hangkai Xie.
图3 2010-2020年各省区中华穿山甲记录条数、个体数与发现后去向
Fig. 3 Number of Chinese pangolin records and number of individuals by destination types in each province between 2010 and 2020, China
图4 中国境内2010-2020年中华穿山甲记录条数、个体数与记录类型
Fig. 4 Number of Chinese pangolin records and number of individuals recorded by recording types in each year between 2010 and 2020, China
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