中国亚热带森林筑巢独栖蜂类群及其寄生者多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2022060

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 22060. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022060

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 下一篇

中国亚热带森林筑巢独栖蜂类群及其寄生者多样性

郭士琨¹^,², 王明强¹^,², 郭鹏飞¹^,³, 陈婧婷¹^,², 牛泽清¹, 罗阿蓉¹, 杨娟娟¹^,², 周青松¹, 朱朝东¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国科学院动物研究所动物进化与系统学(院)重点实验室, 北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学生命科学学院, 北京 100049
3.贵州中医药大学药学院, 贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2022-01-30 接受日期:2022-06-21 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-08-08
通讯作者: *朱朝东, E-mail: zhucd@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院B类先导科技专项(XDB310304);国家杰出青年科学基金(31625024);科技部基础资源调查项目(中国东部传粉昆虫资源调查与评估)(2018FY100401)

Diversity of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera and their parasitoids in subtropical forests, southeastern China

Shikun Guo¹^,², Mingqiang Wang¹^,², Pengfei Guo¹^,³, Jingting Chen¹^,², Zeqing Niu¹, Arong Luo¹, Juanjuan Yang¹^,², Qingsong Zhou¹, Chaodong Zhu¹^,²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2. College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025

Received:2022-01-30 Accepted:2022-06-21 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-08-08
Contact: *Chaodong Zhu, E-mail: zhucd@ioz.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

筑巢独栖蜂包括捕食者和传粉者, 在生态系统中具有重要的生态功能。巢管法用于研究筑巢蜂的生物学、生活史、多样性和生态学特性, 但此前较少用于研究亚热带森林中的独栖蜂。经过在生物多样性‒生态系统功能实验(BEF-China)新岗山样地5年的长期定点监测和实验样本积累, 我们发现了独栖蜂的主要类群和发生规律。巢管法共获得128个物种, 隶属于3目25科。其中传粉者占全部独栖蜂的26.6%, 共2科12种, 主要为分舌蜂和切叶蜂; 捕食者约占全部独栖蜂的73.4%, 有4科44种, 以蜾蠃、蛛蜂、泥蜂和方头泥蜂为主; 独栖蜂寄生者有19科72种, 主要类群是麻蝇、蜂虻、青蜂、钩腹蜂和姬小蜂。独栖蜂物种组成中传粉者多样性显著低于捕食者。同时独栖蜂中普遍存在着雌雄羽化异律现象, 即雄性先羽化, 并在越冬个体中更明显。切叶蜂科和方头泥蜂科的发生时间比蜾蠃亚科和蛛蜂科的发生时间更集中。此外, 通过构建独栖蜂及其寄生者的互作网络, 我们发现寄生者多度和多样性受较低营养级寄主的上行控制效应调节。上述结果揭示了对中国亚热带森林地区独栖蜂及其寄生者多样性, 有利于更好地保护野生独栖蜂资源, 发挥其生态服务功能。

关键词: BEF-China, 生物多样性, 独栖蜂, 寄生者, 生物学特性

Abstract

Backgruound & Aims: Cavity-nesting Hymenoptera are both predators and pollinators and provide key services for ecosystem functioning. Previously, there have been few studies on cavity-nesting Hymenoptera in subtropical forests. Yet this study aims to better understand the diversity and biology of cavity-nesting Hymenopterans in subtropical forest in China.

Methods: Trap nests were used to study the biology, life history, diversity and ecology of solitary bees and wasps. We used this method to collect cavity-nesting Hymenoptera in 88 plots. Based on five years of long-term monitoring and sampling on Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China (BEF-China) platform, we recorded the species diversity of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera and relevant occurrence patterns of solitary bees and wasps.

Results: We found 3 orders, 25 families and 128 species in the trap nest system. Pollinators accounted for 26.6% of the diversity, mainly including Colletidae and Megachilidae with 12 species in 2 families. Predators represented 73.4% of the diversity, mainly including Eumeninae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Crabronidae with 44 species in 4 families. There were 72 species of parasitoids in 19 families, mainly including Sarcophagidae, Bombyliidae, Chrysididae, Trigonalyidae, and Eulophidae.

Conclusion: For species composition, we found the diversity of pollinators was significantly less than that of predators. Meanwhile, we noted the protandry was common in cavity-nesting Hymenoptera and more obvious in overwintering individuals. In addition, we also found variable occurrence patterns in different species. The occurrence time of Megachilidae and Crabronidae were more concentrated than that of Eumeninae and Pompilidae. Finally, by constructing the interaction relationship between host and parasitoids, we explained the abundance and richness of parasitoids to be regulated by the bottom-up effect of lower trophic hosts. Ultimately, a greater understanding of these organisms will help to better protect the resources wild cavity-nesting Hymenoptera use for their ecological services.

Key words: BEF-China, biodiversity, solitary bee and wasp, parasitoid, biological characteristics

郭士琨, 王明强, 郭鹏飞, 陈婧婷, 牛泽清, 罗阿蓉, 杨娟娟, 周青松, 朱朝东 (2023) 中国亚热带森林筑巢独栖蜂类群及其寄生者多样性. 生物多样性, 31, 22060. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022060.

Shikun Guo, Mingqiang Wang, Pengfei Guo, Jingting Chen, Zeqing Niu, Arong Luo, Juanjuan Yang, Qingsong Zhou, Chaodong Zhu (2023) Diversity of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera and their parasitoids in subtropical forests, southeastern China. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22060. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022060.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022060

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I2/22060

图/表 16

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科 Family	种 Species	科 Family	种 Species
分舌蜂科 Colletidae	叶舌蜂一种 Hylaeus sp. 1		四代佳盾蜾蠃 E. quadrifasciatus
切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	黑孔蜂 Heriades sauteri		墨体胸蜾蠃 Orancistrocerus aterrimus
	脊跗拟孔蜂 Hoplitis carinotarsa		黑胸蜾蠃 O. drewseni
	白斑切叶蜂 Megachile strupigera		丽旁喙蜾蠃 Pararrhynchium ornatum
	丘切叶蜂 M. monticola		倾秀蜾蠃 Pareumenes quadrispinosus
	拟丘切叶蜂 M. pseudomonticola	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	日本蓝泥蜂 Chalybion japonicum
	窄切叶蜂 M. rixator		黑等齿泥蜂 Isodontia nigella
	粗切叶蜂 M. sculpturalis		驼腹壁泥蜂 Sceliphron deforme
	细切叶蜂 M. spissula	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	Passaloecus insignis
	双切叶蜂 M. dinura		褐带豆短翅泥蜂 Pison atripenne
	壮壁蜂 Osmia taurus		Pisoxylon sp. 1
	Trachusa staabi		双色短翅泥蜂 Trypoxylon bicolor
胡蜂科 Vespidae	中华异喙蜾蠃 Allorhynchium chinense		Trypoxylon schmiedeknechtii
	黄缘蜾蠃 Anterhynchium flavomarginatum	蛛蜂科 Pompilidae	垦丁奥沟蛛蜂 Auplopus kuarensis
	黑唇元蜾蠃 Discoelius nigridypeus		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus carbonarius
	元蜾蠃属一种 Discoelius sp. 1		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 1
	王氏元蜾蠃 Discoelius wangi		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 2
	福建埃蜾蠃 Epsilon fujianensis		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 3
	方蜾蠃 Eumenes quadratus		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 4
	Eumenes sillicus		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 5
	蜾蠃属一种 Eumenes sp. 1		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 6
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 1		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 7
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 2		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 9
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 3		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 10
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 4		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 11
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 5		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 12
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 8		Deuteragenia ossarium
	显佳盾蜾蠃 Euodynerus notatus		蛛蜂科一种 Pompilidae sp. 1

科 Family	种 Species	科 Family	种 Species
分舌蜂科 Colletidae	叶舌蜂一种 Hylaeus sp. 1		四代佳盾蜾蠃 E. quadrifasciatus
切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	黑孔蜂 Heriades sauteri		墨体胸蜾蠃 Orancistrocerus aterrimus
	脊跗拟孔蜂 Hoplitis carinotarsa		黑胸蜾蠃 O. drewseni
	白斑切叶蜂 Megachile strupigera		丽旁喙蜾蠃 Pararrhynchium ornatum
	丘切叶蜂 M. monticola		倾秀蜾蠃 Pareumenes quadrispinosus
	拟丘切叶蜂 M. pseudomonticola	泥蜂科 Sphecidae	日本蓝泥蜂 Chalybion japonicum
	窄切叶蜂 M. rixator		黑等齿泥蜂 Isodontia nigella
	粗切叶蜂 M. sculpturalis		驼腹壁泥蜂 Sceliphron deforme
	细切叶蜂 M. spissula	方头泥蜂科 Crabronidae	Passaloecus insignis
	双切叶蜂 M. dinura		褐带豆短翅泥蜂 Pison atripenne
	壮壁蜂 Osmia taurus		Pisoxylon sp. 1
	Trachusa staabi		双色短翅泥蜂 Trypoxylon bicolor
胡蜂科 Vespidae	中华异喙蜾蠃 Allorhynchium chinense		Trypoxylon schmiedeknechtii
	黄缘蜾蠃 Anterhynchium flavomarginatum	蛛蜂科 Pompilidae	垦丁奥沟蛛蜂 Auplopus kuarensis
	黑唇元蜾蠃 Discoelius nigridypeus		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus carbonarius
	元蜾蠃属一种 Discoelius sp. 1		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 1
	王氏元蜾蠃 Discoelius wangi		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 2
	福建埃蜾蠃 Epsilon fujianensis		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 3
	方蜾蠃 Eumenes quadratus		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 4
	Eumenes sillicus		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 5
	蜾蠃属一种 Eumenes sp. 1		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 6
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 1		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 7
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 2		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 9
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 3		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 10
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 4		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 11
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 5		奥沟蛛蜂属一种 Auplopus sp. 12
	蜾蠃亚科一种 Eumeninae sp. 8		Deuteragenia ossarium
	显佳盾蜾蠃 Euodynerus notatus		蛛蜂科一种 Pompilidae sp. 1

科 Family	种 Species
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
茧蜂科 Braconidae	Braconidae sp. 1
姬小蜂科 Eulophidae	Chaenotetrastichus semiflavus
	Eulophidae sp. 1
	Kocourekia sp. 1
	Melittobia australica
	M. clavicornis
	M. sosui Melittobia sp. 1 Melittobia sp. 2
青蜂科 Chrysididae	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 1
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 2
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 3
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 4
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 5
	Chrysis principalis
	Chrysura sp. 1
跳小蜂科 Encyrtidae	多胚跳小蜂属一种 Copidosoma sp. 1
姬蜂科 Ichneumonidae	Dusona sp. 1
	姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 1 姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 5 姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 6 姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 7 Picardiella melanoleuca
褶翅小蜂科 Leucospidae	日本褶翅小蜂 Leucospis japonicas
	褶翅小蜂属一种 Leucospis sp. 1
钩腹蜂科 Trigonalyidae	Lycogaster flavonigrata
	青翅狼钩腹蜂 Lycogaster violaceipennis
蚁蜂科 Mutillidae	蚁蜂科一种 Mutillidae sp. 1 蚁蜂科一种 Mutillidae sp. 2
巨胸小蜂科 Perilampidae	巨胸小蜂科一种 Perilampidae sp. 1
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
长尾小蜂科 Torymidae	长尾小蜂科一种 Torymidae sp. 1
切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	厚腹尖腹蜂 Coelioxys crassiventris
	C. fenestrate
	尖腹蜂属一种 Coelioxys sp. 1
	基赤腹蜂 Euaspis basalis
	波赤腹蜂 E. polynesia
褶翅蜂科 Gasteruptiidae	窄头褶翅蜂 Gasteruption corniculigerum
双翅目 Diptera
蜂虻科 Bombyliidae	岩蜂虻属 Anthrax sp. 1
	蜂虻科一种 Bombyliidae sp. 1
	蜂虻科一种 Bombyliidae sp. 2
	蜂虻科一种 Bombyliidae sp. 3
蚤蝇科 Phoridae	蚤蝇科一种 Phoridae sp. 1
	蚤蝇科一种Phoridae sp. 2
麻蝇科 Sarcophagidae	耳摩蜂麻蝇 Amobia auriceps
	摩蜂麻蝇属一种 Amobia sp. 1
	蜂麻蝇属一种 Miltogramma sp. 1
	蜂麻蝇属一种 Miltogramma sp. 2
	蜂麻蝇属一种 Miltogramma sp. 3
	赛蜂麻蝇属一种 Senotainia sp. 1
鞘翅目 Coleoptera
芫菁科 Meloidae	Zonitis sp. 1
大花蚤科 Ripiphoridae	大花蚤科一种 Ripiphoridae sp. 1

科 Family	种 Species
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
茧蜂科 Braconidae	Braconidae sp. 1
姬小蜂科 Eulophidae	Chaenotetrastichus semiflavus
	Eulophidae sp. 1
	Kocourekia sp. 1
	Melittobia australica
	M. clavicornis
	M. sosui Melittobia sp. 1 Melittobia sp. 2
青蜂科 Chrysididae	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 1
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 2
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 3
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 4
	青蜂亚科一种 Chrysidinae sp. 5
	Chrysis principalis
	Chrysura sp. 1
跳小蜂科 Encyrtidae	多胚跳小蜂属一种 Copidosoma sp. 1
姬蜂科 Ichneumonidae	Dusona sp. 1
	姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 1 姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 5 姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 6 姬蜂科一种 Ichneumonidae sp. 7 Picardiella melanoleuca
褶翅小蜂科 Leucospidae	日本褶翅小蜂 Leucospis japonicas
	褶翅小蜂属一种 Leucospis sp. 1
钩腹蜂科 Trigonalyidae	Lycogaster flavonigrata
	青翅狼钩腹蜂 Lycogaster violaceipennis
蚁蜂科 Mutillidae	蚁蜂科一种 Mutillidae sp. 1 蚁蜂科一种 Mutillidae sp. 2
巨胸小蜂科 Perilampidae	巨胸小蜂科一种 Perilampidae sp. 1
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
长尾小蜂科 Torymidae	长尾小蜂科一种 Torymidae sp. 1
切叶蜂科 Megachilidae	厚腹尖腹蜂 Coelioxys crassiventris
	C. fenestrate
	尖腹蜂属一种 Coelioxys sp. 1
	基赤腹蜂 Euaspis basalis
	波赤腹蜂 E. polynesia
褶翅蜂科 Gasteruptiidae	窄头褶翅蜂 Gasteruption corniculigerum
双翅目 Diptera
蜂虻科 Bombyliidae	岩蜂虻属 Anthrax sp. 1
	蜂虻科一种 Bombyliidae sp. 1
	蜂虻科一种 Bombyliidae sp. 2
	蜂虻科一种 Bombyliidae sp. 3
蚤蝇科 Phoridae	蚤蝇科一种 Phoridae sp. 1
	蚤蝇科一种Phoridae sp. 2
麻蝇科 Sarcophagidae	耳摩蜂麻蝇 Amobia auriceps
	摩蜂麻蝇属一种 Amobia sp. 1
	蜂麻蝇属一种 Miltogramma sp. 1
	蜂麻蝇属一种 Miltogramma sp. 2
	蜂麻蝇属一种 Miltogramma sp. 3
	赛蜂麻蝇属一种 Senotainia sp. 1
鞘翅目 Coleoptera
芫菁科 Meloidae	Zonitis sp. 1
大花蚤科 Ripiphoridae	大花蚤科一种 Ripiphoridae sp. 1

科 Family	种 Species
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
茧蜂科 Braconidae	脊茧蜂属一种 Aleiodes sp. 1
	长绒茧蜂属一种 Dolichogenidea sp. 1
	小腹茧蜂属一种 Microgaster sp. 1
	小腹茧蜂属一种 Microgaster sp. 2
	小腹茧蜂属一种 Microgaster sp. 3
	小腹茧蜂亚科一种 Microgastrinae sp. 1
	小腹茧蜂亚科一种 Microgastrinae sp. 2
	Yelicones belokobylskiji
姬蜂科 Ichneumonidae	Skeatia sp. 1
	Skeatia sp. 2
广肩小蜂科 Eurytomidae	Eurytoma sp. 1
双翅目 Diptera
厕蝇科 Fanniidae	Fanniidae sp. 1
寄蝇科 Tachinidae	Argyrophylax sp. 1
	十和田阿特寄蝇 Atylostoma towadensis
	Belvosia sp. 1
	Cordyligaster sp. 1
	Exoristinae sp. 1
	花截尾寄蝇 Nemorilla floralis
	Patelloa sp. 1
	Senometopia sp. 1
麻蝇科 Sarcophagidae	Sarcophaga albiceps

中国亚热带森林筑巢独栖蜂类群及其寄生者多样性

Diversity of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera and their parasitoids in subtropical forests, southeastern China

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Metrics

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独栖蜂寄生者 Parasitoid	数量 Number	占比 Proportion
岩蜂虻属一种 Anthrax sp. 1	127	3.12%
摩蜂麻蝇属 Amobia spp.	1,007	24.71%
Chrysis principalis	1,244	30.52%
尖腹蜂属 Coelioxys spp.	128	3.14%
青翅狼钩腹蜂 Lycogaster violaceipennis	597	14.65%
Melittobia sosui	490	12.02%
其他 Other	529	12.98%

	筑巢时间 Nesting time							羽化时间 Eclosion time
物种 Species	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sept.	10月 Oct.	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sept.
Heriades sauteri		√			√	√					√
Hoplitis carinotarsa		√	√						√	√
Hylaeus sp. 1					√	√							√	√
Megachile rixator		√	√				√			√	√
M. sculpturalis				√	√	√	√				√
M. spissula						√	√				√
M. strupigera				√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√
Osmia taurus	√	√						√
Trachusa staabi			√							√
Anterhynchium flavomarginatum	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	√
Epsilon fujianensis		√	√	√	√						√		√
Auplopus spp.	√	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√		√	√
Deuteragenia ossarium		√	√				√				√
Isodontia nigella						√	√			√
Pareumenes quadrispinosus				√	√	√				√	√		√
Sceliphron deforme			√	√	√	√				√	√	√	√	√
Orancistrocerus drewseni					√	√	√		√	√		√	√
Passaloecus insignis		√	√											√
Pisoxylon sp. 1			√		√		√				√
Pison atripenne	√									√	√	√	√
Trypoxylon bicolor		√		√		√					√	√
T. schmiedeknechtii						√					√

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