生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 388-399. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019007
江焕1,张辉1,龙文兴1,*(),方燕山2,符明期2,朱孔新3
收稿日期:
2019-01-08
接受日期:
2019-03-11
出版日期:
2019-04-20
发布日期:
2019-06-05
通讯作者:
龙文兴
基金资助:
Jiang Huan1,Zhang Hui1,Long Wenxing1,*(),Fang Yanshan2,Fu Mingqi2,Zhu Kongxin3
Received:
2019-01-08
Accepted:
2019-03-11
Online:
2019-04-20
Published:
2019-06-05
Contact:
Long Wenxing
摘要:
金钟藤(Decalobanthus boisianus)是林业有害植物, 其暴发生长和扩散对森林生态系统造成了严重破坏。本文以海南岛48个金钟藤典型分布群落为研究对象, 用方差比率法和贡献定律法探究群落的稳定性; 用χ 2统计量、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)、Ochiai指数和Dice指数分析金钟藤与伴生物种的种间联结关系; 用生态位宽度、生态位相似性系数和生态位重叠指数研究群落中各物种的生态位特征, 以期为金钟藤生物防治的植物物种筛选提供借鉴。结果表明: (1)金钟藤所在48个群落共有156种伴生植物, 其中大戟科、茜草科、桑科、无患子科和樟科植物占优势; (2)群落中优势物种呈正联结关系, 植物种类累积倒数百分比与累积相对频度交点坐标为(44.53, 55.47), 远离稳定交点坐标(20, 80), 说明群落处于不稳定状态; (3)金钟藤与芳槁润楠(Machilus suaveolens)、黄椿木姜子(Litsea variabilis)、岭南山竹子(Garcinia oblongifolia)、显脉杜英(Elaeocarpus dubius)、鸭脚木(Schefflera octophylla)和银柴(Aporusa dioica)都紧密关联, 说明金钟藤与这些物种的资源利用方式较相似; (4)金钟藤的生态位宽度最大, 与伴生物种间的生态位重叠度较高, 但伴生物种间的生态位重叠度较低。金钟藤的入侵导致群落处于不稳定状态, 并与伴生物种间存在激烈的竞争关系。因此, 建议在金钟藤已入侵的群落中大量栽种芳槁润楠、黄椿木姜子、显脉杜英、鸭脚木和银柴, 以遏制其蔓延; 大量栽种翻白叶树(Pterospermum heterophyllum)、海南菜豆树(Radermachera hainanensis)、九节(Psychotria rubra)和肉实树(Sarcosperma laurinum)用于金钟藤入侵群落的植被恢复。
江焕,张辉,龙文兴,方燕山,符明期,朱孔新 (2019) 金钟藤入侵群落的种间联结及生态位特征. 生物多样性, 27, 388-399. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019007.
Jiang Huan,Zhang Hui,Long Wenxing,Fang Yanshan,Fu Mingqi,Zhu Kongxin (2019) Interspecific associations and niche characteristics of communities invaded by Decalobanthus boisianus. Biodiversity Science, 27, 388-399. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019007.
序号 No. | 种名 Species | 相对频度 Relative frequency (%) | 相对密度 Relative density (%) | 相对显著度 Relative prominence (%) | 重要值 Importance value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 金钟藤 Decalobanthus boisianus | 4.53 | 14.88 | 2.21 | 7.21 |
2 | 鸭脚木 Schefflera octophylla | 1.89 | 4.27 | 3.89 | 3.35 |
3 | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia | 1.42 | 2.22 | 1.32 | 1.65 |
4 | 黄椿木姜子 Litsea variabilis | 1.89 | 2.09 | 0.72 | 1.57 |
5 | 假苹婆 Sterculia lanceolata | 1.79 | 2.09 | 0.56 | 1.48 |
6 | 假柿木姜子 Litsea monopetala | 1.13 | 1.41 | 1.63 | 1.39 |
7 | 倒吊笔 Wrightia pubescens | 1.32 | 1.58 | 1.24 | 1.38 |
8 | 芳槁润楠 Machilus suaveolens | 1.61 | 1.21 | 1.28 | 1.37 |
9 | 翻白叶树 Pterospermum heterophyllum | 0.94 | 1.31 | 1.76 | 1.34 |
10 | 肉实树 Sarcosperma laurinum | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.11 | 1.23 |
11 | 岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia | 1.42 | 1.25 | 0.99 | 1.22 |
12 | 楝叶吴茱萸 Evodia glabrifolia | 1.04 | 0.64 | 1.87 | 1.18 |
13 | 九节 Psychotria rubra | 1.23 | 2.05 | 0.13 | 1.14 |
14 | 银柴 Aporusa dioica | 1.61 | 1.31 | 0.43 | 1.11 |
15 | 显脉杜英 Elaeocarpus dubius | 1.42 | 0.71 | 1.1 | 1.07 |
16 | 海南菜豆树 Radermachera hainanensis | 1.13 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.05 |
17 | 白楸 Mallotus paniculatus | 1.23 | 0.81 | 1.08 | 1.04 |
表1 金钟藤群落优势种的相对频度、相对密度、相对显著度及重要值
Table 1 Relative frequency, relative density, relative prominence and importance value of dominant plant species in Decalobanthus boisianus community
序号 No. | 种名 Species | 相对频度 Relative frequency (%) | 相对密度 Relative density (%) | 相对显著度 Relative prominence (%) | 重要值 Importance value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 金钟藤 Decalobanthus boisianus | 4.53 | 14.88 | 2.21 | 7.21 |
2 | 鸭脚木 Schefflera octophylla | 1.89 | 4.27 | 3.89 | 3.35 |
3 | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia | 1.42 | 2.22 | 1.32 | 1.65 |
4 | 黄椿木姜子 Litsea variabilis | 1.89 | 2.09 | 0.72 | 1.57 |
5 | 假苹婆 Sterculia lanceolata | 1.79 | 2.09 | 0.56 | 1.48 |
6 | 假柿木姜子 Litsea monopetala | 1.13 | 1.41 | 1.63 | 1.39 |
7 | 倒吊笔 Wrightia pubescens | 1.32 | 1.58 | 1.24 | 1.38 |
8 | 芳槁润楠 Machilus suaveolens | 1.61 | 1.21 | 1.28 | 1.37 |
9 | 翻白叶树 Pterospermum heterophyllum | 0.94 | 1.31 | 1.76 | 1.34 |
10 | 肉实树 Sarcosperma laurinum | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.11 | 1.23 |
11 | 岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia | 1.42 | 1.25 | 0.99 | 1.22 |
12 | 楝叶吴茱萸 Evodia glabrifolia | 1.04 | 0.64 | 1.87 | 1.18 |
13 | 九节 Psychotria rubra | 1.23 | 2.05 | 0.13 | 1.14 |
14 | 银柴 Aporusa dioica | 1.61 | 1.31 | 0.43 | 1.11 |
15 | 显脉杜英 Elaeocarpus dubius | 1.42 | 0.71 | 1.1 | 1.07 |
16 | 海南菜豆树 Radermachera hainanensis | 1.13 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.05 |
17 | 白楸 Mallotus paniculatus | 1.23 | 0.81 | 1.08 | 1.04 |
编号 No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||
3 | -0.09 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||||
4 | 0.26 | 0.83 | 0.33 | |||||||||||||
5 | -0.26 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||
6 | -0.21 | 1.26 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||||||||||
7 | -0.16 | 0.68 | 0.02 | 5.15 | 0.01 | 2.39 | ||||||||||
8 | 0.32 | 1.29 | 0.03 | 1.54 | 0.01 | 2.46 | 0.22 | |||||||||
9 | -0.09 | 2.02 | 0.11 | 3.19 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 1.19 | 0.03 | ||||||||
10 | -0.16 | 3.48 | 0.49 | 0.95 | 0.05 | 1.46 | 4.88 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |||||||
11 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 2.55 | 0.70 | 0.11 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 1.40 | 4.11 | 0.01 | ||||||
12 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.62 | 0.99 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.67 | |||||
13 | -0.21 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 6.29 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.61 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 1.22 | ||||
14 | 0.16 | 4.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.80 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 4.03 | 0.13 | 0.12 | |||
15 | 0.21 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.66 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 8.30 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.90 | ||
16 | -0.16 | 0.68 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 1.69 | 0.06 | 1.43 | 0.22 | 2.92 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 2.39 | 0.35 | 0.06 | |
17 | -0.12 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.68 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 1.46 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.15 |
表2 金钟藤群落优势种间χ2统计量检验
Table 2 χ2 correlation test of dominant plant species in Decalobanthus boisianus community
编号 No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 0.39 | |||||||||||||||
3 | -0.09 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||||
4 | 0.26 | 0.83 | 0.33 | |||||||||||||
5 | -0.26 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||
6 | -0.21 | 1.26 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||||||||||
7 | -0.16 | 0.68 | 0.02 | 5.15 | 0.01 | 2.39 | ||||||||||
8 | 0.32 | 1.29 | 0.03 | 1.54 | 0.01 | 2.46 | 0.22 | |||||||||
9 | -0.09 | 2.02 | 0.11 | 3.19 | 0.00 | 0.75 | 1.19 | 0.03 | ||||||||
10 | -0.16 | 3.48 | 0.49 | 0.95 | 0.05 | 1.46 | 4.88 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |||||||
11 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 2.55 | 0.70 | 0.11 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 1.40 | 4.11 | 0.01 | ||||||
12 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.62 | 0.99 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.67 | |||||
13 | -0.21 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 6.29 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.61 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 1.22 | ||||
14 | 0.16 | 4.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2.80 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 4.03 | 0.13 | 0.12 | |||
15 | 0.21 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1.66 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 8.30 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.90 | ||
16 | -0.16 | 0.68 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 1.69 | 0.06 | 1.43 | 0.22 | 2.92 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 2.39 | 0.35 | 0.06 | |
17 | -0.12 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.68 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 1.46 | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.15 |
图1 金钟藤群落主要优势种种间联结系数(AC)半矩阵图。物种编号含义见表1。
Fig. 1 Semi-matrix diagram of association coefficients (AC) of dominant plant species in Decalobanthus boisianus community. Species codes are the same as in Table 1.
图2 金钟藤群落主要优势种共同出现百分率(PC)、Ochiai指数(OI)和Dice指数(DI)半矩阵图。物种编号含义见表1。
Fig. 2 Semi-matrix diagram of co-occurence rate (PC), Ochiai index (OI), and Dice index (DI) of dominant species in Decalobanthus boisianus community. Species codes are the same as in Table 1.
编号 No. | 生态位 宽度Niche width | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.83 | - | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.39 |
2 | 2.82 | 0.54 | - | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
3 | 2.58 | 0.45 | 0.34 | - | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.16 |
4 | 3.04 | 0.64 | 0.25 | 0.33 | - | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.37 | 0.25 |
5 | 2.61 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.29 | - | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.15 |
6 | 2.69 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.17 | - | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
7 | 2.47 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.11 | - | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.26 |
8 | 3.07 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.11 | - | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.30 |
9 | 2.55 | 0.51 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.27 | - | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.28 |
10 | 2.68 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.20 | - | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.14 |
11 | 2.78 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.23 | - | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
12 | 2.57 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.13 | - | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.23 |
13 | 2.67 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | - | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.17 |
14 | 3.10 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.13 | - | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.34 |
15 | 3.09 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.43 | - | 0.36 | 0.33 |
16 | 2.76 | 0.51 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.43 | - | 0.29 |
17 | 2.69 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.37 | - |
表3 金钟藤群落主要优势种间的生态位相似性比例(对角线上)和生态位重叠指数(对角线下)
Table 3 Niche similarity (above the diagonal) and niche overlap (below the diagonal) of dominant plant species in Decalobanthus boisianus community
编号 No. | 生态位 宽度Niche width | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.83 | - | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.39 |
2 | 2.82 | 0.54 | - | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
3 | 2.58 | 0.45 | 0.34 | - | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.16 |
4 | 3.04 | 0.64 | 0.25 | 0.33 | - | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.37 | 0.25 |
5 | 2.61 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.29 | - | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.15 |
6 | 2.69 | 0.41 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.17 | - | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.24 |
7 | 2.47 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.11 | - | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.26 |
8 | 3.07 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.11 | - | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.30 |
9 | 2.55 | 0.51 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.27 | - | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.45 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.28 |
10 | 2.68 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.20 | - | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.14 |
11 | 2.78 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.23 | - | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
12 | 2.57 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.13 | - | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.23 |
13 | 2.67 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | - | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.17 |
14 | 3.10 | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.13 | - | 0.46 | 0.29 | 0.34 |
15 | 3.09 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.56 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.43 | - | 0.36 | 0.33 |
16 | 2.76 | 0.51 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.43 | - | 0.29 |
17 | 2.69 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.37 | - |
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