地形对典型阔叶红松林灌木更新的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2015123

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依托黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区9 ha典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地的900个2 m × 2 m样方, 对灌木(H ≥ 30 cm, DBH < 1 cm)进行了调查, 基于2006年、2008年和2010年3次调查数据, 分析了地形对灌木分布、死亡及新增的影响。结果表明: 样地内共有灌木18种, 2006、2008和2010年的灌木总数分别为18,253株/ha、27,383株/ha和23,300株/ha。地形对10种主要灌木的分布、死亡和新增均有显著的影响(P < 0.05), 多数灌木种偏好坡中和山脊, 且坡度>6°的地形; 坡向对大部分耐阴性较强的灌木的分布影响较小, 而喜光的毛榛子(Corylus mandshurica)在阳坡和半阳坡的密度显著高于其他坡向。刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)、东北山梅花(Philadelphus schrenkii)、光萼溲疏(Deutzia gladata)、黄花忍冬(Lonicera chrysantha)、瘤枝卫矛(Euonymus pauciflorus)、毛榛子和早花忍冬(Lonicera praeflorens)7种灌木DBH < 1 cm的个体的分布、死亡和新增与其DBH ≥ 1 cm的个体的分布表现基本一致。

关键词: 阔叶红松林, 地形, 死亡, 新增, 生态位分化

Abstract

To explore the response of shrubs to topographic heterogeneity, 900 perennial shrub (height (H) ≥ 30 cm, diameter at breast height (DBH) < 1 cm) quadrats of 4 m² (2 m × 2 m) were set up in a 9 ha plot in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains. All shrubs in the quadrats were tagged, measured for H and DBH, and identified to the species level. Based on census data collected in 2006, 2008, and 2010, we found that a total of 18 shrub species existed in these quadrats. Approximately 18,253, 27,383 and 23,300 individuals per hectare were found in 2006, 2008, and 2010, respectively. Topography significantly affected the distribution, mortality and recruitment of the 10 major shrub species (P < 0.05). Most shrub species preferred terrain characterized by slope degree > 6º. Aspect had less effects on the distribution of most strong shade-tolerant shrub species, but the density of the shade-intolerant species Corylus mandshurica on sunny and semi-sunny slopes was significantly higher than other aspects. For Acanthopanax senticosus, Philadelphus schrenkii, Deutzia gladata, Lonicera chrysantha, Euonymus pauciflorus, Corylus mandshurica and Lonicera praeflorens, the distribution, mortality and recruitment of shrubs with DBH < 1 cm were consistent with that of the shrubs with DBH ≥ 1 cm.

Key words: mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest, topography, mortality, recruitment, niche separation

赵雪, 徐丽娜, 金光泽 (2015) 地形对典型阔叶红松林灌木更新的影响. 生物多样性, 23, 767-774. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015123.

Xue Zhao, Lina Xu, Guangze Jin (2015) Effect of topography on shrub regeneration in a mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains. Biodiversity Science, 23, 767-774. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015123.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015123

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I6/767

图/表 4

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物种 Species	个体数量 No. of individuals			死亡个体数 No. of mortality		新增个体数 No. of recruitments		死亡率 Mortality rate		新增率 Recruitment rate
物种 Species	2006	2008	2010	2006- 2008	2008- 2010	2006- 2008	2008- 2010	2006- 2008	2006- 2008	2006- 2008	2008- 2010
刺醋李 Ribes burejense	3	13	13	1	2	11	2	0.203	0.084	0.936	0.084
刺玫果 Rosa acicularis	22	27	30	6	4	11	7	0.159	0.080	0.262	0.133
刺五加 Acanthopanax senticosus	928	1,528	1,190	135	476	735	138	0.079	0.187	0.328	0.062
大叶小檗 Berberis poiretii	62	109	95	11	26	58	12	0.098	0.136	0.380	0.068
东北茶藨子 Ribes mandshuricum	237	453	349	43	151	259	47	0.100	0.203	0.424	0.072
东北山梅花 Philadelphus schrenkii	693	975	900	109	214	391	139	0.086	0.124	0.256	0.084
光萼溲疏 Deutzia gladata	1,793	2,643	2,212	277	685	1,127	254	0.084	0.150	0.278	0.061
黄花忍冬 Lonicera chrysantha	837	1,038	912	188	265	389	139	0.127	0.147	0.235	0.083
鸡树条荚蒾 Viburnum sargenti	17	22	17	6	8	11	3	0.218	0.226	0.347	0.097
接骨木 Sambucus williamsii	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0.347	0.000	0.000	0.000
瘤枝卫矛 Euonymus pauciflorus	602	734	686	61	112	193	64	0.053	0.083	0.153	0.049
柳叶绣线菊 Spiraea salicifolia	94	215	172	14	75	135	32	0.081	0.214	0.494	0.103
毛榛子 Corylus mandshurica	913	1,265	1,118	186	288	538	141	0.114	0.129	0.277	0.067
暖木条荚蒾 Viburnum burejaeticum	76	111	106	19	28	54	23	0.144	0.145	0.333	0.122
卫矛 Euonymus sacrosancta	9	384	311	2	146	377	73	0.126	0.239	2.002	0.134
悬钩子 Rubus arcticus	0	2	1	0	1	2	0	0.000	0.347	0.000	0.000
早花忍冬 Lonicera praeflorens	96	109	90	20	31	33	12	0.117	0.167	0.180	0.072
珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia	187	229	185	79	87	121	43	0.274	0.239	0.376	0.132
总计 Total	6,571	9,858	8,388	1,158	2,599	4,445	1,129	0.097	0.153	0.300	0.072

物种 Species	个体数量 No. of individuals			死亡个体数 No. of mortality		新增个体数 No. of recruitments		死亡率 Mortality rate		新增率 Recruitment rate
物种 Species	2006	2008	2010	2006- 2008	2008- 2010	2006- 2008	2008- 2010	2006- 2008	2006- 2008	2006- 2008	2008- 2010
刺醋李 Ribes burejense	3	13	13	1	2	11	2	0.203	0.084	0.936	0.084
刺玫果 Rosa acicularis	22	27	30	6	4	11	7	0.159	0.080	0.262	0.133
刺五加 Acanthopanax senticosus	928	1,528	1,190	135	476	735	138	0.079	0.187	0.328	0.062
大叶小檗 Berberis poiretii	62	109	95	11	26	58	12	0.098	0.136	0.380	0.068
东北茶藨子 Ribes mandshuricum	237	453	349	43	151	259	47	0.100	0.203	0.424	0.072
东北山梅花 Philadelphus schrenkii	693	975	900	109	214	391	139	0.086	0.124	0.256	0.084
光萼溲疏 Deutzia gladata	1,793	2,643	2,212	277	685	1,127	254	0.084	0.150	0.278	0.061
黄花忍冬 Lonicera chrysantha	837	1,038	912	188	265	389	139	0.127	0.147	0.235	0.083
鸡树条荚蒾 Viburnum sargenti	17	22	17	6	8	11	3	0.218	0.226	0.347	0.097
接骨木 Sambucus williamsii	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0.347	0.000	0.000	0.000
瘤枝卫矛 Euonymus pauciflorus	602	734	686	61	112	193	64	0.053	0.083	0.153	0.049
柳叶绣线菊 Spiraea salicifolia	94	215	172	14	75	135	32	0.081	0.214	0.494	0.103
毛榛子 Corylus mandshurica	913	1,265	1,118	186	288	538	141	0.114	0.129	0.277	0.067
暖木条荚蒾 Viburnum burejaeticum	76	111	106	19	28	54	23	0.144	0.145	0.333	0.122
卫矛 Euonymus sacrosancta	9	384	311	2	146	377	73	0.126	0.239	2.002	0.134
悬钩子 Rubus arcticus	0	2	1	0	1	2	0	0.000	0.347	0.000	0.000
早花忍冬 Lonicera praeflorens	96	109	90	20	31	33	12	0.117	0.167	0.180	0.072
珍珠梅 Sorbaria sorbifolia	187	229	185	79	87	121	43	0.274	0.239	0.376	0.132
总计 Total	6,571	9,858	8,388	1,158	2,599	4,445	1,129	0.097	0.153	0.300	0.072

物种 Species	DBH (cm)		坡位 Topographic position									坡度 Gradient
物种 Species	DBH (cm)		谷地 Valley	下坡 Lower slope	上坡 Upper slope	山脊 Ridge	阴坡 NE, N	半阴坡 E, NW	平地 Flat	半阳坡 SE,W	阳坡 S, SW	< 6°	6°-15°	16°-25°	>25°
刺五加		< 1		*★☆	*★☆	*☆	*	*★☆		*★☆	*★☆		*★☆	*★☆	*☆
Acanthopanax senticosus		≥ 1		*	*			*		*	*		*	*
东北茶藨子		< 1		*★		*	☆	*★☆	☆		★		*★
Ribes mandshuricum		≥ 1					*	*
东北山梅花		< 1		*★☆			★			*★☆	*★☆		*★☆
Philadelphus schrenkii		≥ 1		*				*		*			*
光萼溲疏		< 1		*★☆	*★☆	*★☆		*★☆		*★☆	*★☆		*★☆	*★☆	*☆
Deutzia gladata		≥ 1		*	*			*		*			*	*	*
黄花忍冬		< 1		*★☆			*☆	*★☆		*★☆	☆		*★☆	☆	*☆
Lonicera chrysantha		≥ 1		*	*	*		*		*	*		*	*	*
瘤枝卫矛		< 1		★☆	*★☆	*★☆		*★☆			*★☆			*★☆	*★☆
Euonymus pauciflorus		≥ 1		*	*	*	*	*		*	*			*	*
柳叶绣线菊		< 1			☆	*☆						*★☆		*☆	*★☆
Spiraea salicifolia		≥ 1
毛榛子		< 1		*★☆	*★☆	*	*★☆	*			*★☆		*★☆	*★☆	*★☆
Corylus mandshurica		≥ 1		*	*	*				*	*		*	*	*
早花忍冬		< 1			*★☆	*★☆		*★☆			*★☆			*★☆	*★☆
Lonicera praeflorens		≥ 1			*	*	*	*		*	*			*	*
珍珠梅		< 1	*★☆			*★			*★☆			*★☆
Sorbaria sorbifolia		≥ 1

物种 Species	DBH (cm)		坡位 Topographic position									坡度 Gradient
物种 Species	DBH (cm)		谷地 Valley	下坡 Lower slope	上坡 Upper slope	山脊 Ridge	阴坡 NE, N	半阴坡 E, NW	平地 Flat	半阳坡 SE,W	阳坡 S, SW	< 6°	6°-15°	16°-25°	>25°
刺五加		< 1		*★☆	*★☆	*☆	*	*★☆		*★☆	*★☆		*★☆	*★☆	*☆
Acanthopanax senticosus		≥ 1		*	*			*		*	*		*	*
东北茶藨子		< 1		*★		*	☆	*★☆	☆		★		*★
Ribes mandshuricum		≥ 1					*	*
东北山梅花		< 1		*★☆			★			*★☆	*★☆		*★☆
Philadelphus schrenkii		≥ 1		*				*		*			*
光萼溲疏		< 1		*★☆	*★☆	*★☆		*★☆		*★☆	*★☆		*★☆	*★☆	*☆
Deutzia gladata		≥ 1		*	*			*		*			*	*	*
黄花忍冬		< 1		*★☆			*☆	*★☆		*★☆	☆		*★☆	☆	*☆
Lonicera chrysantha		≥ 1		*	*	*		*		*	*		*	*	*
瘤枝卫矛		< 1		★☆	*★☆	*★☆		*★☆			*★☆			*★☆	*★☆
Euonymus pauciflorus		≥ 1		*	*	*	*	*		*	*			*	*
柳叶绣线菊		< 1			☆	*☆						*★☆		*☆	*★☆
Spiraea salicifolia		≥ 1
毛榛子		< 1		*★☆	*★☆	*	*★☆	*			*★☆		*★☆	*★☆	*★☆
Corylus mandshurica		≥ 1		*	*	*				*	*		*	*	*
早花忍冬		< 1			*★☆	*★☆		*★☆			*★☆			*★☆	*★☆
Lonicera praeflorens		≥ 1			*	*	*	*		*	*			*	*
珍珠梅		< 1	*★☆			*★			*★☆			*★☆
Sorbaria sorbifolia		≥ 1

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