四川卧龙国家级自然保护区三种高山同域鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2022026

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 22026. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022026

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

四川卧龙国家级自然保护区三种高山同域鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位比较

周天祥¹^,², 杨华林¹^,², 张贵权³, 杨建³, 冯茜⁴, 胡强⁴, 程跃红⁴, 张晋东¹^,², 王彬¹^,⁵^,^*(), 周材权¹^,⁵^,^*()

1.西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637009
2.西华师范大学生命科学学院, 四川南充 637009
3.大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室(中国大熊猫保护研究中心), 四川都江堰 611830
4.四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局, 四川汶川 623006
5.西华师范大学生态研究院, 四川南充 637009

收稿日期:2022-01-13 接受日期:2022-04-05 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-05-11
通讯作者: 王彬,周材权
作者简介:drcqzhou@cwnu.edu.cn
* E-mail: wangbin513@cwnu.edu.cn;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32000354);国家自然科学基金(42071279);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A20193);国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护与自然保护区管理司野生动物保护管理项目;四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0123)

Temporal and spatial niche differentiation among three alpine Galliformes with sympatric distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province

Tianxiang Zhou¹^,², Hualin Yang¹^,², Guiquan Zhang³, Jian Yang³, Xi Feng⁴, Qiang Hu⁴, Yuehong Cheng⁴, Jindong Zhang¹^,², Bin Wang¹^,⁵^,^*(), Caiquan Zhou¹^,⁵^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009
2. College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009
3. Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park (China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda), Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830
4. Sichuan Wolong National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan, Sichuan 623006
5. Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009

Received:2022-01-13 Accepted:2022-04-05 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-05-11
Contact: Bin Wang,Caiquan Zhou

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高海拔山区气候条件恶劣, 资源匮乏, 探究同域分布的近缘物种如何利用有限的资源以实现稳定共存, 对于了解高山生态系统生物多样性格局的形成和维持机制具有重要意义。鸡形目鸟类飞行能力弱, 属于典型的地栖物种, 生态位空间相对狭窄, 可能面临更高的种间竞争压力。本研究旨在比较几种同域分布的鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位, 为了解高山生态系统同域物种的共存机制提供新的研究案例。2020年4-9月, 研究人员在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区海拔3,300-4,200 m的高山区域进行了野外调查, 通过样线法和样方法对鸡形目鸟类群落优势物种绿尾虹雉(Lophophorus lhuysii)、雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)和雪鹑(Lerwa lerwa)繁殖期的微生境进行调查, 使用红外相机对其活动节律进行监测, 并运用核密度估计法从微生境利用和日活动节律两个生态维度进行了种间生态位比较。结果显示, 雪鹑在微生境利用和日活动节律上均与其他两个物种存在显著差异。绿尾虹雉与雉鹑在微生境的利用上具有相似偏好; 但绿尾虹雉的早活动高峰晚于雉鹑, 晚活动高峰早于雉鹑, 表现出显著的种间日活动节律差异; 然而, 整合两个维度后, 绿尾虹雉和雉鹑的整体生态位仍然高度重叠, 没有显著分化。本研究表明高山鸡形目物种间的生态位分化体现于多个不同的生态维度, 并且不同物种之间的分化方式有所差异。在空间和时间生态位上的显著分化使雪鹑与同域物种间的竞争压力相对较小, 有利于其实现稳定共存。而绿尾虹雉与雉鹑的整体生态位高度重叠, 建议进一步对其食性开展研究, 探讨营养生态位上的潜在种间分化。

关键词: 同域物种, 生态位分化, 核密度估计, 微生境, 日活动节律

Abstract

Aims: Generally, mountainous areas in high altitudes have harsh climate conditions and a lack of resources. It is important to understand the formation and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity patterns in alpine ecosystems by exploring how closely related species that are sympatric use limited resources to achieve stable coexistence. Galliformes are typical ground-dwelling species with weak flight and dispersal abilities, and face higher interspecific competition pressure due to relatively narrower niches. Our study aims to compare the temporal and spatial niches of sympatric Galliformes species, and to provide a new case study for understanding the coexistence mechanism of sympatric species in alpine ecosystems.
Methods: From April to September 2020, field surveys were conducted in an alpine ecosystem at an altitude of 3,300-4,200 m in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. We used a transect survey design to investigate the microhabitats of the Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii), chestnut-throated partridge (Tetraophasis obscurus), and snow partridge (Lerwa lerwa) who dominate the alpine Galliformes community and monitored their activity by infrared camera traps. Their ecological niches were compared along the two dimensions of microhabitat utilization and daily activity rhythm by using the kernel density estimation method.
Results: The results indicated that there were significant differences in both microhabitat utilization and daily activity rhythm between the snow partridge and the other two species. The Chinese monal and chestnut-throated partridge have similar preference in microhabitat utilization; the morning activity peaks of Chinese monal were later than those of chestnut-throated partridge, while its evening activity peaks were earlier than those of chestnut-throated partridge, demonstrating significant interspecific differences in daily activity rhythm; however, their overall niche integrating the two dimensions still highly overlaps without significant differentiation.
Conclusion: Our study reveals that niche differentiation among sympatric alpine Galliformes species is reflected along multiple ecological dimensions, and differentiation patterns vary between different species. The significant differentiation of the snow partridge in spatial and temporal niches is likely makes it less competitive with sympatric species, which is beneficial to its stable coexistence within the community. The overall niches of the Chinese monal and chestnut-throated partridge overlaps greatly. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies be conducted on their feeding habits and to explore the potential interspecific differentiation in trophic niches.

Key words: sympatric species, niche differentiation, kernel density estimation, microhabitat, daily activity rhythm

周天祥, 杨华林, 张贵权, 杨建, 冯茜, 胡强, 程跃红, 张晋东, 王彬, 周材权 (2022) 四川卧龙国家级自然保护区三种高山同域鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位比较. 生物多样性, 30, 22026. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022026.

Tianxiang Zhou, Hualin Yang, Guiquan Zhang, Jian Yang, Xi Feng, Qiang Hu, Yuehong Cheng, Jindong Zhang, Bin Wang, Caiquan Zhou (2022) Temporal and spatial niche differentiation among three alpine Galliformes with sympatric distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22026. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022026.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022026

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I6/22026

图/表 5

图1 四川卧龙国家级自然保护区3种高山鸡形目鸟类调查样线分布及其被红外相机拍摄到的位点

Fig. 1 Distribution map of transects for surveying three alpine Galliformes species in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province and the infrared camera sites captured these species

图2 绿尾虹雉(a, d)、雉鹑(b, e)和雪鹑(c, f)的实体和粪便照片

Fig. 2 Photos of individuals and droppings of Lophophorus lhuysii (a, d), Tetraophasis obscurus (b, e) and Lerwa lerwa (c, f)

表1 3种鸡形目鸟类微生境变量生态位重叠指数

Table 1 Niche overlap indices of microhabitat variables between three studied Galliformes species

微生境变量 Microhabitat variables	绿尾虹雉 vs. 雉鹑 Chinese monal vs. chestnut-throated partridge	绿尾虹雉 vs. 雪鹑 Chinese monal vs. snow partridge	雉鹑 vs. 雪鹑 Chestnut-throated partridge vs. snow partridge
海拔 Elevation	0.717^*	0.603^*	0.431^*
坡向 Aspect	0.914	0.911	0.881
坡度 Slope	0.638^*	0.720^*	0.845
乔木盖度 Tree coverage	0.431	0.852	0.494
乔木高度 Tree height	0.714	0.684	0.467
乔木胸径 Diameter at breast height	0.904	0.375	0.328
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage	0.656^*	0.514^*	0.218^*
灌木高度 Shrub height	0.758^*	0.500^*	0.300^*
草本盖度 Herbage coverage	0.815	0.830	0.702^*
草本高度 Herbage height	0.861	0.562^*	0.491^*
苔藓盖度 Moss coverage	0.718	0.729	0.733
落叶盖度 Litter coverage	0.729	0.452^*	0.332^*
岩石盖度 Rock coverage	0.850	0.554^*	0.501^*
牲畜粪便数量 No. of piles of livestock dung	0.820	0.809	0.755
综合重叠度 Composite overlap	0.752 ± 0.127	0.650 ± 0.165^*	0.534 ± 0.213^*

图3 绿尾虹雉(绿色曲线)、雉鹑(红色曲线)和雪鹑(黑色曲线)沿着主要微生境变量的核密度分布重叠

Fig. 3 Overlap of kernel density distributions among Chinese monal (green curves), chestnut-throated partridge (red curves) and snow partridge (black curves) along main microhabitat variables

图4 绿尾虹雉(绿色曲线)、雉鹑(红色曲线)和雪鹑(黑色曲线)日活动节律的核密度曲线

Fig. 4 Kernel density estimations of daily activity pattern of Chinese monal (green curve), chestnut-throated partridge (red curve) and snow partridge (black curve)

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四川卧龙国家级自然保护区三种高山同域鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位比较

Temporal and spatial niche differentiation among three alpine Galliformes with sympatric distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province

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