北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林地形和林分结构对林下草本植物物种多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2022671

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 22671. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022671

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林地形和林分结构对林下草本植物物种多样性的影响

邓婷婷¹^,², 魏岩¹^,^*(), 任思远³^,^*(), 祝燕²^,^*()

1.新疆农业大学草业学院新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2.中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
3.中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-12-04 接受日期:2023-03-22 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-31
通讯作者: * E-mail: weiyan1966@163.com; rsy9999ml@163.com; zhuyan1205@gmail.com
作者简介:zhuyan1205@gmail.com
rsy9999ml@163.com;
* E-mail: weiyan1966@163.com;
基金资助:
中国科学院植被与环境变化国家重点实验室资助项目(Y7206F1016);国家自然科学基金(32271614);国家自然科学基金(31870408);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB31000000)

Effects of topography and stand structure of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest on understory herb diversity in Donglingshan, Beijing

Tingting Deng¹^,², Yan Wei¹^,^*(), Siyuan Ren³^,^*(), Yan Zhu²^,^*()

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
3. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083

Received:2022-12-04 Accepted:2023-03-22 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-31
Contact: * E-mail: weiyan1966@163.com; rsy9999ml@163.com; zhuyan1205@gmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林群落林下草本植物物种多样性丰富, 然而大多数森林物种多样性研究集中在乔木层, 对林下草本植物物种多样性及其影响因子的研究较少。本研究基于北京东灵山20 ha森林动态监测样地450个1 m × 1 m的草本样方调查数据, 选择物种丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Simpson优势度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)作为草本植物物种多样性数据指标, 分析了林下草本植物物种多样性与地形和林分结构的相关关系; 并采用Pearson相关性分析、回归分析、冗余分析(RDA)及层次分割的方法, 探讨了地形因子和林分因子对草本植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明: (1)林下草本植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与坡向呈显著负相关(P < 0.05), 随坡向增大(由阳坡转向阴坡)而呈下降趋势; 4个多样性指数与海拔、坡度和凹凸度均无显著相关性。(2)物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随林分密度和林地物种丰富度的增大呈下降的趋势, 但随平均胸径的增大呈上升的趋势; 各物种多样性指数均与胸径变异系数无显著相关性。(3)层次分割结果表明, 环境因子对林下草本植物物种多样性的解释率为: 林分密度 > 平均胸径 > 胸径变异系数 > 海拔; 林分密度是影响林下草本植物物种多样性的主要因子。本研究揭示了不同地形、林分结构对暖温带落叶阔叶林林下草本植物物种多样性的影响, 以期加强对森林生物多样性的全面认识, 促进森林生态系统及生物多样性的保护。

关键词: 地形, 林分结构, 草本植物, 物种多样性

Abstract

Aim: Topographic and stand structure are important factors affecting species diversity of understory communities. Our objective was to explore the effects of different topographic factors and forest stand structure on the species diversity of herbaceous plants in a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest.

Methods: Based on the survey data of 450 1 m × 1 m herbaceous plots in the 20 ha Donglingshan forest dynamics plot, Beijing, we used species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index as the indicators of herbaceous species diversity to analyze the changes of each diversity index with different factors of topographic and forest stand structure. Meanwhile, we utilized Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, redundancy analysis (RDA), and hierarchical partitioning methods to explore the influence of topographic and forest stand structure factors on herbaceous species diversity.

Results: (1) The herbaceous Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the forest was negatively correlated with the slope aspect (P < 0.05), and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index decreased with the slope aspect (from sunny to shady slopes). The four diversity indices had no significant correlation with elevation, slope, and concavity. (2) The species richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index decreased with the increase in stand density and forest species richness but increased with the rise of mean DBH. The four species diversity indices were not significantly correlated with coefficient of variation of DBH (DBHcv). (3) The hierarchical partitioning method showed that environmental factors explained herbaceous species diversity as follows: stand density > DBH > DBHcv > elevation. Stand density was the main factor affecting the species diversity of herbaceous plants under the forest.

Conclusion: This study revealed the effects of different topographic factors and forest stand structure factors on the diversity of herbaceous plants in the warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, and confirmed that stand density was the key factor. Our findings will contribute to the comprehensive understanding of forest biodiversity in the promotion and protection of forest ecosystem and biodiversity.

Key words: topography, forest stand structure, herbaceous plants, species diversity

邓婷婷, 魏岩, 任思远, 祝燕 (2023) 北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林地形和林分结构对林下草本植物物种多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 31, 22671. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022671.

Tingting Deng, Yan Wei, Siyuan Ren, Yan Zhu (2023) Effects of topography and stand structure of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest on understory herb diversity in Donglingshan, Beijing. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22671. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022671.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022671

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I7/22671

图/表 4

表1 东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地地形和林分结构与草本植物物种多样性指数之间的相关系数

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between topography, forest stand structure and herbaceous species diversity index in a 20 ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Donglingshan

参数 Parameters	物种丰富度 Species richness	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index
海拔 Elevation	-0.017	-0.102	-0.119	-0.130
坡度 Slope	0.042	0.043	0.075	0.017
凹凸度 Convexity	0.087	0.047	0.051	-0.028
坡向 Slope aspect	-0.148	-0.187^*	-0.153	-0.111
林分密度 Stand density	-0.280^**	-0.224^*	-0.163	0.065
平均胸径 Mean of diameter at breast height (DBH)	0.295^**	0.243^**	0.181	0.032
胸径变异系数 Coefficient of variation of DBH (DBHcv)	-0.154	-0.107	-0.07	0.021
林地物种丰富度 Forest species richness	-0.234^**	-0.180^*	-0.163	-0.032

图1 东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地地形和林分结构与草本植物物种多样性指数的回归拟合。灰色表示95%置信区间。

Fig. 1 Regression fitting between topography and forest stand structure and herbaceous species diversity index in a 20 ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Donglingshan. DBHcv, Coefficient of variation of DBH. Gray represent 95% confidence interval.

图2 东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地地形和林分结构与草本植物物种多样性指数的冗余分析(RDA)排序图。R: 物种丰富度指数; H′: Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; D: Simpson优势度指数; E: Pielou均匀度指数。

Fig. 2 Redundancy analysis (RDA) biplot of topography and forest stand structure and herbaceous species diversity index in 20 ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Donglingshan. R, Species richness; H′, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; D, Simpson dominance index; E, Pielou evenness index; DBHcv, Coefficient of variation of DBH.

图3 通过rdaca.hp解析东灵山20 ha暖温带落叶阔叶林动态监测样地地形和林分结构各变量的相对重要性

Fig. 3 The relative importance of individual variable of topography and forest stand structure in 20 ha warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Donglingshan by rdacca.hp. DBHcv, Coefficient of variation of DBH.

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北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林地形和林分结构对林下草本植物物种多样性的影响

Effects of topography and stand structure of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest on understory herb diversity in Donglingshan, Beijing

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