喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林凋落物产量动态及影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2024248

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 24248. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024248 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024248

喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林凋落物产量动态及影响因素

熊松¹^,²^,⁵, 淦江¹^,², 谢彦军³, 邓晰朝³, 覃国乐³, 彭晚霞¹^,², 曾馥平¹^,², 占志立¹^,², 谭卫宁⁴, 黄国勤⁵, 杜虎¹^,²^,^*()()

1.中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所公共技术中心, 长沙 410125
2.中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西环江 547100
3.河池学院化学与生物工程学院, 广西宜州 546300
4.广西木论国家级自然保护区管理中心, 广西环江 547100
5.江西农业大学生态科学研究中心, 南昌 330045

收稿日期:2024-06-21 接受日期:2024-11-17 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-24
通讯作者: *E-mail: hudu@isa.ac.cn
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFAA026109);国家自然科学基金(42071073);国家自然科学基金(42277245);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300703);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021366)

Dynamics of litter production and its determinants in a subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in a karst ecosystem

Song Xiong¹^,²^,⁵, Jiang Gan¹^,², Yanjun Xie³, Xizhao Deng³, Guole Qin³, Wanxia Peng¹^,², Fuping Zeng¹^,², Zhili Zhan¹^,², Weining Tan⁴, Guoqin Huang⁵, Hu Du¹^,²^,^*()()

1. Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Public Technology Center, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2. Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China
3. College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, Guangxi 546300, China
4. Administrative Centre of Guangxi Mulun National Nature Reserve, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China
5. Center for Ecological Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

Received:2024-06-21 Accepted:2024-11-17 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-24
Contact: *E-mail: hudu@isa.ac.cn
Supported by:
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2023GXNSFAA026109);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071073);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277245);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1300703);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021366)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 凋落物作为森林生态系统的重要组成部分, 在生态系统物质循环、能量流动和养分平衡方面发挥着重要作用。为探究中亚热带喀斯特森林凋落物产量的年际动态变化及其影响因素, 本研究基于广西木论喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林25 ha森林动态监测样地151个凋落物收集器的布置, 通过连续60个月的数据积累, 分析了凋落物组成、时间动态及影响因素。结果表明: 中亚热带喀斯特森林凋落物年均产量为5,946.55 ± 77.27 kg/ha, 年际差异明显, 各组分所占比例依次为叶(63.26%) > 杂物(24.89%) > 枝(12.79%)。总凋落物量与叶凋落量季节变化规律相似, 均呈双峰型, 在春季3-4月和秋季9-10月出现峰值; 枝凋落量月际动态为单峰型, 凋落高峰出现在秋季10月; 杂物凋落量月际动态也为双峰型, 两个峰值分别出现在春季5月和秋季10月。凋落物收集器5 m邻域范围内, 物种多样性、凹凸度、胸高断面积是喀斯特森林凋落物产量的主要驱动因素, 物种多样性、胸高断面积、凹凸度对凋落物总量有直接影响, 而坡度通过物种多样性间接影响凋落物总量。5年连续监测结果表明, 喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林凋落物量节律性差异明显, 生物和地形因子共同影响着凋落物量的空间变异。

关键词: 凋落物, 生物多样性, 地形, 喀斯特生态系统, 木论

Abstract

Aims: Litter constitutes a crucial component of forest ecosystems, playing significant roles in biogeochemical cycling, energy flow, and nutrient balance. Nevertheless, understanding the mechanisms by which biotic and abiotic factors influence litter production in heterogeneous natural forest ecosystems remains contentious. This study aims to investigate the long-term dynamics and influential factors affecting litter production in karst forests within subtropical regions.

Methods: In this study, we set up 151 litter traps, and collected litter monthly from 2018 to 2022 in a 25-ha karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest dynamics plot in the Mulun National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province. All litter in each trap was dried, classified and weighed.

Results: The average annual litter production in karst forests was 5,946.55 ± 77.27 kg/ha, with significant inter-annual variability. The proportion of each litter component ranked as follows: leaves (63.26%) > debris (24.89%) > twigs (12.79%). Seasonal patterns for total litter and leaf litter production were similar, displaying a bimodal trend with peaks in spring (March-April) and fall (September-October). Monthly dynamics of branch litter followed a unimodal pattern, peaking in autumn (around October), while debris showed a bimodal pattern with peaks in spring (May) and fall (October), respectively. The species diversity, convexity, mean diameter at breast height (DBH), were the main driving factors of litter production within a 5 m radius neighborhood around the traps. The results of the structural equation model indicated that the species diversity, DBH, and convexity have a direct influence on the total litter production, while slope had an indirect influence on the total litter production through altering species diversity.

Conclusion: Five years of continuous monitoring have revealed significant seasonal variations in litter production within the karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest. Both biotic and topographic factors collectively affected the spatial variability of litter production.

Key words: litter, biodiversity, topography, karst ecosystems, Mulun

中图分类号:

熊松, 淦江, 谢彦军, 邓晰朝, 覃国乐, 彭晚霞, 曾馥平, 占志立, 谭卫宁, 黄国勤, 杜虎 (2024) 喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林凋落物产量动态及影响因素. 生物多样性, 32, 24248. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024248.

Song Xiong, Jiang Gan, Yanjun Xie, Xizhao Deng, Guole Qin, Wanxia Peng, Fuping Zeng, Zhili Zhan, Weining Tan, Guoqin Huang, Hu Du (2024) Dynamics of litter production and its determinants in a subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in a karst ecosystem. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24248. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024248.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024248

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I12/24248

图/表 7

表1 2018-2022年凋落物各组分年均产量(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 1 Average annual yield of each component of litter in 2018-2022 (mean ± SE)

组分 Components	凋落物产量 Litter production (kg/ha)	比例 Proportion (%)
叶 Leaf	3,761.67 ± 60.20^a	63.26
枝 Twig	760.54 ± 15.46^c	12.79
杂物 Debris	1,480.68 ± 26.3^b	24.89
总计 Total	5,946.55 ± 77.27	100

图1 2018-2022年凋落物各组分产量年际变化(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示相同组分在不同年份间的差异显著。

Fig. 1 Annual dynamics of the production of each component of litter in 2018-2022 (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences in the same components and different years.

图2 2018-2022年凋落物各组分和总凋落物量月际变化

Fig. 2 Monthly dynamics of the total and each component litter production in 2018-2022

图3 凋落物各组分产量与生物和地形因子的Pearson相关性。Richness: 物种丰富度; Shannon: 物种多样性; Pielou: 物种均匀度; DER: 落叶常绿物种重要值比; Basal area: 胸高断面积; Elevation: 海拔; Slope: 坡度; Convexity: 凹凸度; Soilthick: 土层厚度; Rockcov: 岩石出露率; Total: 凋落物总量; Leaf: 叶凋落量; Twig: 枝凋落量; Debris: 杂物凋落量。* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Pearson correlations between yield of litter components and biological and topographic factors. Richness, Species richness; Shannon, Species diversity; Pielou, Species evenness; DER, Significant ratio of deciduous evergreen species; Basal area, Average tree diameter at breast height; Soilthick, Soil thickness; Rockcov, Rock exposure rate; Total, Total litter production; Leaf, Leaf litter production; Twig, Twig litter production; Debris, Debris litter production.

图4 生物和非生物因子对凋落物各组分产量的相对重要性。ns表示不显著, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors for the yield of each litter component. ns for not significant. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

图5 凋落物各组分产量与主导因子的回归分析

Fig. 5 Regression analysis of litter fraction yield and dominant factor

图6 凋落物总量与其影响因素的结构方程模型。图中实线表示作用路径显著, 虚线表示作用路径不显著。箭头宽度表示该关系的强度。箭头旁边的值是具有相应统计意义的标准化路径系数。近似均方根误差(CFI)和比较拟合指数(RMSEA)为模型拟合优度指数。R2表示由组合自变量解释的因变量的总变化。* P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Structural equation modelling of total litter production and its influencing factors. The solid line indicates that the action path is significant, and the dashed line indicates that the action path is not significant. The arrow width indicates the strength of the relationship. Values next to the arrows are the normalized pathway coefficients with the corresponding statistical significance. Comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were used as indicators of model goodness fit index. R2 represents the total change in the dependent variable explained by the combined independent variable. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001.

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喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林凋落物产量动态及影响因素

Dynamics of litter production and its determinants in a subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in a karst ecosystem

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