Status, issues and prospects of belowground biodiversity on the Tibetan alpine grassland

doi:10.17520/biods.2018119

Abstract

Abstract:

The diversity and abundance of below-ground microorganisms and animals play an important role in shaping above-ground biodiversity and helps maintain ecosystem function. Yet, we have a limited understanding of belowground biodiversity, e.g. its spatial/temporal patterns, driving factors and responses to global change and human activities. This knowledge gap is particularly acute for the Tibetan alpine grassland that is sensitive to climate change and occupies 60% of the area of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we first review recent studies that reported the drivers of patterns in five major soil organism groups, including fungi, bacteria, archaea, nematodes and arthropods on Tibetan alpine grassland. We then focus on the responses of soil biodiversity to climate change and human activities. Finally, we highlight some open questions for future research of soil diversity on the Tibetan alpine grassland. Specifically, we recommend that future studies examine (1) The mechanisms underlying distribution patterns of belowground biodiversity; (2) Links between aboveground and belowground biodiversity; (3) Effects of belowground biodiversity on the health and functioning of ecosystems; (4) Manipulative experiments of belowground biodiversity.

Key words: soil microorganisms, soil animals, biodiversity, species richness, climate change, human activities

Anrong Liu, Teng Yang, Wei Xu, Zijian Shangguan, Jinzhou Wang, Huiying Liu, Yu Shi, Haiyan Chu, Jin-Sheng He. Status, issues and prospects of belowground biodiversity on the Tibetan alpine grassland[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(9): 972-987.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2018119

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2018/V26/I9/972

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研究尺度 Research scale	影响因素 Influencing factors	真菌 Fungus	细菌 Bacteria	古菌 Archaea	线虫 Nematode	节肢动物 Arthropod
样带 Transect	主导因子 Dominant factors	植物多样性 Plant diversity (Yang et al, 2017)	-	土壤含水量; 土壤碳氮比 Soil water content; Soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (Shi et al, 2016)	年均降水量; 土壤有机质; 土壤pH; 温度季节变化 Mean annual precipitation; Soil organic carbon content; Soil pH; Temperature seasonality (Zhao et al, 2017)	植物多样性 Plant diversity (Zhao et al, 2017)
样带 Transect	其他因素 Other factors	年均降水量; 碳氮比; 土壤总磷; 溶解性有机碳 Carbon : nitrogen ratio; Soil total phosphorus; Dissolved organic carbon content (Yang et al, 2017)	植物根生物量; 土壤有机碳; 土壤氮; 土壤磷; 地上生物量的氮磷含量 Root biomass; Soil organic carbon; Soil nitrogen; Soil phosphorus; Nitrogen and phosphorus in aboveground biomass (Jing et al, 2015)	土壤可利用氮; 地上生物量 Soil total available nitrogen; Aboveground biomass (Jing et al, 2015)	植物多样性 Plant diversity (Zhao et al, 2017)	年均降水量; 土壤有机质; 土壤pH; 温度季节变化 Mean annual precipitation; Soil organic carbon; Soil pH; Temperature seasonality (Zhao et al, 2017)
样点 Site	植被类型 Vegetation type	高寒草原 > 高寒草甸 Alpine steppe > Alpine meadow (Zhang Y et al, 2016)	高寒草甸 > 高寒草地 Alpine meadow > Alpine steppe (Zhang Y et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2017)	-	-	-
	草地退化Grassland degradation	增加 Increase (Li et al, 2016)	增加 Increase (Li et al, 2016)	-	-	减少 Decrease (吴鹏飞和杨大星, 2011; 吴鹏飞等, 2013; Wu et al, 2015; 高艳美和吴鹏飞, 2016; 龙伟等, 2017)
	短期增温实验 Short-term warming	不显著 Not significant (Xiong et al, 2014; Zhang K et al, 2016; Zhang Y et al, 2016)	不显著 Not significant (Zhang K et al, 2016; Zhang Y et al, 2016)	-	-	-
	降水实验/ 水分梯度 Altered precipitation	不显著 Not significant (Xiong et al, 2014; Zhang Y et al, 2016)	不显著 Not significant (Zhang K et al, 2016; Li et al, 2017)	增加 Increase (Li et al, 2017)	-	-
	外源养分输入 Nutrient input	氮肥不显著, 磷肥降低 Nitrogen not significant; Phosphorus decrease (He et al, 2016)	-	-	增加 Increase (王静等, 2015; Hu et al, 2017)	-
	放牧 Graze	不显著 Not significant (Zhang Y et al, 2016)	不显著 Not significant (Zhang Y et al, 2016)	-	增加 Increase (Hu et al, 2015; 武崎等, 2016)	-
	围封 Enclosed	-	不显著 Not significant (高凤等, 2017)	-	增加 Increase (薛会英等, 2016, 2017)	-

研究尺度 Research scale	影响因素 Influencing factors	真菌 Fungus	细菌 Bacteria	古菌 Archaea	线虫 Nematode	节肢动物 Arthropod
样带 Transect	主导因子 Dominant factors	植物多样性 Plant diversity (Yang et al, 2017)	-	土壤含水量; 土壤碳氮比 Soil water content; Soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (Shi et al, 2016)	年均降水量; 土壤有机质; 土壤pH; 温度季节变化 Mean annual precipitation; Soil organic carbon content; Soil pH; Temperature seasonality (Zhao et al, 2017)	植物多样性 Plant diversity (Zhao et al, 2017)
样带 Transect	其他因素 Other factors	年均降水量; 碳氮比; 土壤总磷; 溶解性有机碳 Carbon : nitrogen ratio; Soil total phosphorus; Dissolved organic carbon content (Yang et al, 2017)	植物根生物量; 土壤有机碳; 土壤氮; 土壤磷; 地上生物量的氮磷含量 Root biomass; Soil organic carbon; Soil nitrogen; Soil phosphorus; Nitrogen and phosphorus in aboveground biomass (Jing et al, 2015)	土壤可利用氮; 地上生物量 Soil total available nitrogen; Aboveground biomass (Jing et al, 2015)	植物多样性 Plant diversity (Zhao et al, 2017)	年均降水量; 土壤有机质; 土壤pH; 温度季节变化 Mean annual precipitation; Soil organic carbon; Soil pH; Temperature seasonality (Zhao et al, 2017)
样点 Site	植被类型 Vegetation type	高寒草原 > 高寒草甸 Alpine steppe > Alpine meadow (Zhang Y et al, 2016)	高寒草甸 > 高寒草地 Alpine meadow > Alpine steppe (Zhang Y et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2017)	-	-	-
	草地退化Grassland degradation	增加 Increase (Li et al, 2016)	增加 Increase (Li et al, 2016)	-	-	减少 Decrease (吴鹏飞和杨大星, 2011; 吴鹏飞等, 2013; Wu et al, 2015; 高艳美和吴鹏飞, 2016; 龙伟等, 2017)
	短期增温实验 Short-term warming	不显著 Not significant (Xiong et al, 2014; Zhang K et al, 2016; Zhang Y et al, 2016)	不显著 Not significant (Zhang K et al, 2016; Zhang Y et al, 2016)	-	-	-
	降水实验/ 水分梯度 Altered precipitation	不显著 Not significant (Xiong et al, 2014; Zhang Y et al, 2016)	不显著 Not significant (Zhang K et al, 2016; Li et al, 2017)	增加 Increase (Li et al, 2017)	-	-
	外源养分输入 Nutrient input	氮肥不显著, 磷肥降低 Nitrogen not significant; Phosphorus decrease (He et al, 2016)	-	-	增加 Increase (王静等, 2015; Hu et al, 2017)	-
	放牧 Graze	不显著 Not significant (Zhang Y et al, 2016)	不显著 Not significant (Zhang Y et al, 2016)	-	增加 Increase (Hu et al, 2015; 武崎等, 2016)	-
	围封 Enclosed	-	不显著 Not significant (高凤等, 2017)	-	增加 Increase (薛会英等, 2016, 2017)	-