Macrofungal species cataloging in karst areas of southwestern China

doi:10.17520/biods.2025281

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Macrofungi hold significant ecological and socioeconomic value. To analyze the floristic composition and species diversity of macrofungi in the karst areas of southwestern China and clarify the influence of distinctive geomorphological features on their distribution, a comprehensive survey was conducted. The results are expected to provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of macrofungal resources in the areas.

Methods: Over a seven-year period, 12,451 macrofungal specimens were collected from Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan using line transect and random survey methods. Species identification integrated morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS sequences. Taxonomic data were cross-referenced with literature to analyze floristic components and resource values.

Results: A total of 1,505 macrofungal species (2 phyla, 10 classes, 27 orders, 118 families, 418 genera) were identified in the karst areas of southwestern China. Among these, 19 new species, 1 new record species for China, and 1 new record species for Guizhou. Dominant families constituted 34.75% of total families (41/118), with Russulaceae, Polyporaceae, and Boletaceae exhibiting the highest species richness. At genus level, 17.46% of genera (73/418) demonstrated dominance, particularly Russula, Amanita, and Lactarius. The evaluation of macrofungal resource values identified 263 edible species, 176 medicinal species, and 237 toxic species, indicating considerable fungal diversity in this region. Floristic analysis revealed cosmopolitan distributions predominate at the family level (54.24%), while higher biogeographic diversity was observed at the genus level.

Key words: macrofungi, karst areas, resource type, species cataloging, biodiversity

Tinghong Tan, Fan Gao, Yu Yang, Qunying Xiao, Chunfang Wu, Na Qiu, Ningning Zhao, Min Zhou, Gongping Kang, Zhihong Lu, Jianqiang Gao, Hong Yang, Chuandong Yang, Chunying Deng. Macrofungal species cataloging in karst areas of southwestern China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2026, 34(2): 25281.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025281

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2026/V34/I2/25281

Figures/Tables 5

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门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
子囊菌门 Ascomycota	4	7	28	56	122
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	6	20	90	362	1,383
总计 Total	10	27	118	418	1,505

门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
子囊菌门 Ascomycota	4	7	28	56	122
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	6	20	90	362	1,383
总计 Total	10	27	118	418	1,505

优势科 Dominant families	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数百分比 Percentage of total species (%)	优势科 Dominant families	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数百分比 Percentage of total species (%)
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	143	9.50	马勃科 Lycoperdaceae	6	20	1.33
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	32	127	8.44	乳牛肝菌科 Suillaceae	2	20	1.33
牛肝菌科 Boletaceae	32	115	7.64	木耳科 Auriculariaceae	6	19	1.26
伞菌科 Agaricaceae	11	73	4.85	鬼笔科 Phallaceae	9	19	1.26
鹅膏菌科 Amanitaceae	2	73	4.85	拟层孔菌科 Fomitopsidaceae	6	15	1.00
锈革菌科 Hymenochaetaceae	14	39	2.59	轴腹菌科 Hydnangiaceae	1	15	1.00
口蘑科 Tricholomataceae	10	38	2.52	层腹菌科 Hymenogastraceae	6	15	1.00
类脐菇科 Omphalotaceae	7	34	2.26	珊瑚菌科 Clavariaceae	3	14	0.93
未定科 Incertae sedis¹	18	33	2.19	侧耳科 Pleurotaceae	2	13	0.86
泡头菌科 Physalacriaceae	13	33	2.19	光柄菇科 Pluteaceae	3	13	0.86
小皮伞科 Marasmiaceae	5	32	2.13	韧革菌科 Stereaceae	5	13	0.86
小菇科 Mycenaceae	6	30	1.99	地星科 Geastraceae	2	12	0.80
钉菇科 Gomphaceae	5	29	1.93	离褶伞科 Lyophyllaceae	6	12	0.80
小脆柄菇科 Psathyrellaceae	8	28	1.86	干朽菌科 Meruliaceae	9	12	0.80
炭角菌科 Xylariaceae	4	28	1.86	线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae	3	12	0.80
蜡伞科 Hygrophoraceae	8	27	1.79	肉杯菌科 Sarcoscyphaceae	6	12	0.80
球盖菇科 Strophariaceae	7	27	1.79	虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	3	11	0.73
丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae	2	25	1.66	硬皮马勃科 Sclerodermataceae	2	11	0.73
齿菌科 Hydnaceae	5	25	1.66	齿耳菌科 Steccherinaceae	7	11	0.73
粉褶菌科 Entolomataceae	2	23	1.53	火丝菌科 Pyronemataceae	7	10	0.66
丝盖伞科 Inocybaceae	3	23	1.53	总计 Total	291	1,284	85.32

优势科 Dominant families	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数百分比 Percentage of total species (%)	优势科 Dominant families	属数 No. of genus	种数 No. of species	占总种数百分比 Percentage of total species (%)
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	143	9.50	马勃科 Lycoperdaceae	6	20	1.33
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	32	127	8.44	乳牛肝菌科 Suillaceae	2	20	1.33
牛肝菌科 Boletaceae	32	115	7.64	木耳科 Auriculariaceae	6	19	1.26
伞菌科 Agaricaceae	11	73	4.85	鬼笔科 Phallaceae	9	19	1.26
鹅膏菌科 Amanitaceae	2	73	4.85	拟层孔菌科 Fomitopsidaceae	6	15	1.00
锈革菌科 Hymenochaetaceae	14	39	2.59	轴腹菌科 Hydnangiaceae	1	15	1.00
口蘑科 Tricholomataceae	10	38	2.52	层腹菌科 Hymenogastraceae	6	15	1.00
类脐菇科 Omphalotaceae	7	34	2.26	珊瑚菌科 Clavariaceae	3	14	0.93
未定科 Incertae sedis¹	18	33	2.19	侧耳科 Pleurotaceae	2	13	0.86
泡头菌科 Physalacriaceae	13	33	2.19	光柄菇科 Pluteaceae	3	13	0.86
小皮伞科 Marasmiaceae	5	32	2.13	韧革菌科 Stereaceae	5	13	0.86
小菇科 Mycenaceae	6	30	1.99	地星科 Geastraceae	2	12	0.80
钉菇科 Gomphaceae	5	29	1.93	离褶伞科 Lyophyllaceae	6	12	0.80
小脆柄菇科 Psathyrellaceae	8	28	1.86	干朽菌科 Meruliaceae	9	12	0.80
炭角菌科 Xylariaceae	4	28	1.86	线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae	3	12	0.80
蜡伞科 Hygrophoraceae	8	27	1.79	肉杯菌科 Sarcoscyphaceae	6	12	0.80
球盖菇科 Strophariaceae	7	27	1.79	虫草科 Cordycipitaceae	3	11	0.73
丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae	2	25	1.66	硬皮马勃科 Sclerodermataceae	2	11	0.73
齿菌科 Hydnaceae	5	25	1.66	齿耳菌科 Steccherinaceae	7	11	0.73
粉褶菌科 Entolomataceae	2	23	1.53	火丝菌科 Pyronemataceae	7	10	0.66
丝盖伞科 Inocybaceae	3	23	1.53	总计 Total	291	1,284	85.32

优势属 Dominant genera	种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion (%)	生态类型 Ecological form	优势属 Dominant genera	种数 No. of species	占比 Proportion (%)	生态类型 Ecological form
红菇属 Russula	88	5.85	共生 Symbiotic	小脆柄菇属 Psathyrella	9	0.60	腐生 Saprophytic
鹅膏属 Amanita	72	4.78	共生 Symbiotic	锁瑚菌属 Clavulina	8	0.53	腐生 Saprophytic
乳菇属 Lactarius	44	2.92	共生 Symbiotic	集毛孔菌属 Coltricia	8	0.53	共生 Symbiotic
蘑菇属 Agaricus	41	2.72	腐生 Saprophytic	拟层孔菌属 Fomitopsis	8	0.53	腐生 Saprophytic
小皮伞属 Marasmius	26	1.73	共生 Symbiotic	侧耳属 Pleurotus	8	0.53	腐生 Saprophytic
灵芝属 Ganoderma	24	1.59	腐生 Saprophytic	光柄菇属 Pluteus	8	0.53	共生 Symbiotic
炭角菌属 Xylaria	24	1.59	腐生 Saprophytic	硬皮马勃属 Scleroderma	8	0.53	共生 Symbiotic
牛肝菌属 Boletus	23	1.53	共生 Symbiotic	韧革菌属 Stereum	8	0.53	腐生 Saprophytic
丝膜菌属 Cortinarius	22	1.46	共生 Symbiotic	革菌属 Thelephora	8	0.53	共生 Symbiotic
粉褶蕈属 Entoloma	22	1.46	共生 Symbiotic	喇叭菌属 Craterellus	7	0.47	共生 Symbiotic
枝瑚菌属 Ramaria	21	1.40	腐生 Saprophytic	胶孔菌属 Favolaschia	7	0.47	腐生 Saprophytic
栓孔菌属 Trametes	21	1.40	腐生 Saprophytic	羊肚菌属 Morchella	7	0.47	腐生 Saprophytic
丝盖伞属 Inocybe	19	1.26	共生 Symbiotic	拟金钱菌属 Collybiopsis	6	0.40	腐生 Saprophytic
小菇属 Mycena	17	1.13	共生 Symbiotic	拟鬼伞属 Coprinopsis	6	0.40	腐生 Saprophytic
乳牛肝菌属 Suillus	17	1.13	共生 Symbiotic	盔孢伞属 Galerina	6	0.40	腐生 Saprophytic
口蘑属 Tricholoma	16	1.06	共生 Symbiotic	斑褶菇属 Panaeolus	6	0.40	腐生 Saprophytic
蜡蘑属 Laccaria	15	1.00	共生 Symbiotic	革耳属 Panus	6	0.40	腐生 Saprophytic
鳞伞属 Pholiota	12	0.80	腐生 Saprophytic	蚁巢伞属 Termitomyces	6	0.40	共生 Symbiotic
多孔菌属 Polyporus	12	0.80	腐生 Saprophytic	田头菇属 Agrocybe	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
地星属 Geastrum	11	0.73	共生 Symbiotic	蜜环菌属 Armillaria	5	0.33	共生 Symbiotic
裸脚伞属 Gymnopus	11	0.73	腐生 Saprophytic	丽口包属 Calostoma	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
湿伞属 Hygrocybe	11	0.73	共生 Symbiotic	鸡油菌属 Cantharellus	5	0.33	共生 Symbiotic
锈革菌属 Hymenochaete	11	0.73	腐生 Saprophytic	杯伞属 Clitocybe	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
多汁乳菇属 Lactifluus	11	0.73	腐生 Saprophytic	锥盖伞属 Conocybe	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
香菇属 Lentinus	11	0.73	腐生 Saprophytic	小鬼伞属 Coprinellus	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
环柄菇属 Lepiota	11	0.73	共生 Symbiotic	鬼伞属 Coprinus	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
松塔牛肝菌属 Strobilomyces	11	0.73	共生 Symbiotic	靴耳属 Crepidotus	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
粉孢牛肝菌属 Tylopilus	11	0.73	共生 Symbiotic	老伞属 Gerronema	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
木耳属 Auricularia	10	0.66	腐生 Saprophytic	亚侧耳属 Hohenbuehelia	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
线虫草属 Ophiocordyceps	10	0.66	寄生 Parasitic	大环柄菇属 Macrolepiota	5	0.33	共生 Symbiotic
褶孔牛肝菌属 Phylloporus	10	0.66	共生 Symbiotic	小奥德蘑属 Oudemansiella	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
拟锁瑚菌属 Clavulinopsis	9	0.60	腐生 Saprophytic	粉末牛肝菌属 Pulveroboletus	5	0.33	共生 Symbiotic
虫草菌属 Cordyceps	9	0.60	寄生 Parasitic	干皮菌属 Skeletocutis	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
蜡伞属 Hygrophorus	9	0.60	共生 Symbiotic	银耳属 Tremella	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
马勃属 Lycoperdon	9	0.60	共生 Symbiotic	绒盖牛肝菌属 Xerocomus	5	0.33	共生 Symbiotic
微皮伞属 Marasmiellus	9	0.60	腐生 Saprophytic	趋木齿菌属 Xylodon	5	0.33	腐生 Saprophytic
鬼笔属 Phallus	9	0.60	腐生 Saprophytic	总计 Total	939	62.39