生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 275-284. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016180
姚良锦1, 姚兰2, 易咏梅2, 艾训儒2, 冯广3, 刘峻城2, 林勇2, 黄伟2, 丁易1,4,*(), 臧润国1,4
收稿日期:
2016-07-04
接受日期:
2016-11-04
出版日期:
2017-03-20
发布日期:
2017-04-07
通讯作者:
丁易
基金资助:
Liangjin Yao1, Lan Yao2, Yongmei Yi2, Xunru Ai2, Guang Feng3, Juncheng Liu2, Yong Lin2, Wei Huang2, Yi Ding1,4,*(), Runguo Zang1,4
Received:
2016-07-04
Accepted:
2016-11-04
Online:
2017-03-20
Published:
2017-04-07
Contact:
Ding Yi
摘要:
亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林是亚热带山地中重要的森林植被类型之一, 是维持区域生态安全和保护生物多样性的重要屏障。为深入研究亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林中的生物多样性维持机理和动态过程, 我们在湖北恩施七姊妹山国家级自然保护区6 ha亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林动态监测样地调查了所有胸径(DBH) ≥ 1 cm的木本植物, 分析了其群落组成、径级结构和优势种的空间结构特征。共记录到木本植物50,316株, 其中独立个体有36,596株(去除分枝和萌生), 隶属于57科124属245种, 包括7种国家级保护植物和76种稀有种(每公顷个体数不超过1株)。样地内落叶物种分别占总物种数的61.2% (150种)和总个体数的52.6% (26,503株)。整个样地内植物个体胸径呈明显的倒“J”型分布, 平均胸径为4.38 cm。样地小径级木本植物较多, 胸径 ≥ 30 cm的木本植物仅175株。样地中重要值排名前4位的物种分别是川陕鹅耳枥(Carpinus fargesiana)、多脉青冈(Cyclobalanopsis multinervis)、交让木(Daphniphyllum macropodum)和缺萼枫香(Liquidambar acalycina)。这些优势种虽然在整个样地均有分布, 但大径级个体(DBH ≥ 10 cm)的空间分布差异较为明显。依据群落组成和径级结构特征, 湖北七姊妹山森林动态样地属于人为干扰后处于自然恢复中期的森林群落。针对该样地开展长期的森林动态监测, 将有助于深入了解亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林恢复过程中的群落构建规律和物种多样性维持机制。
姚良锦, 姚兰, 易咏梅, 艾训儒, 冯广, 刘峻城, 林勇, 黄伟, 丁易, 臧润国 (2017) 湖北七姊妹山亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的 物种组成和群落结构. 生物多样性, 25, 275-284. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016180.
Liangjin Yao, Lan Yao, Yongmei Yi, Xunru Ai, Guang Feng, Juncheng Liu, Yong Lin, Wei Huang, Yi Ding, Runguo Zang (2017) Species composition and community structure of a 6-ha subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest dynamics plot in the Qizimei Mountains, Hubei Province. Biodiversity Science, 25, 275-284. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016180.
图1 湖北七姊妹山6 ha森林动态监测样地的木本植物(A)种-面积曲线、(B)种-多度曲线、(C)种-多度等级分布曲线
Fig. 1 The species-area (A), species-abundance (B), and species-abundance rank distribution (C) curves for woody plants in the 6-ha Qizimei Mountains forest dynamics plot, Hubei Province
物种 | 多度 | 最大胸径 | 平均胸径 | 胸高断面积 | 重要值 | 叶习性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Abundance | Max DBH (cm) | Mean DBH (cm) | Basal area (m2) | Importance value | Leaf habit |
川陕鹅耳枥 Carpinus fargesiana | 3,738 | 60.0 | 7.03 | 15.00 | 8.23 | 落叶 Deciduous |
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis | 4,153 | 40.8 | 4.64 | 8.01 | 6.06 | 常绿 Evergreen |
交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum | 3,647 | 30.8 | 4.42 | 6.76 | 5.39 | 常绿 Evergreen |
缺萼枫香 Liquidambar acalycina | 479 | 65.0 | 16.00 | 8.72 | 3.70 | 落叶 Deciduous |
灯台树 Cornus controversa | 596 | 45.2 | 13.8 | 7.98 | 3.66 | 落叶 Deciduous |
四照花 Cornus kousa | 2,658 | 13.8 | 3.59 | 2.63 | 3.35 | 落叶 Deciduous |
亮叶桦 Betula luminifera | 559 | 36.8 | 13.2 | 5.96 | 2.89 | 落叶 Deciduous |
翅柃 Eurya alata | 2,398 | 18.0 | 2.75 | 1.12 | 2.50 | 常绿 Evergreen |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 1,450 | 37.0 | 4.54 | 2.75 | 2.25 | 常绿 Evergreen |
黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata | 1,578 | 17.1 | 2.94 | 0.90 | 2.04 | 常绿 Evergreen |
尖叶四照花 Cornus elliptica | 1,332 | 16.3 | 3.87 | 1.62 | 2.04 | 常绿 Evergreen |
野漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum | 345 | 30.4 | 12.60 | 3.43 | 1.92 | 落叶 Deciduous |
梾木 Cornus macrophylla | 464 | 33.8 | 9.20 | 2.91 | 1.80 | 落叶 Deciduous |
日本锦带花 Weigela japonica | 881 | 22.0 | 6.12 | 1.95 | 1.77 | 落叶 Deciduous |
茶荚蒾 Viburnum setigerum | 1,362 | 18.0 | 1.97 | 0.31 | 1.68 | 落叶 Deciduous |
君迁子 Diospyros lotus | 459 | 31.0 | 8.49 | 2.58 | 1.57 | 落叶 Deciduous |
中华猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis | 1,071 | 12.5 | 2.89 | 0.52 | 1.51 | 落叶 Deciduous |
绿叶甘橿 Lindera neesiana | 1,360 | 8.2 | 1.58 | 0.18 | 1.51 | 落叶 Deciduous |
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri | 433 | 25.0 | 6.90 | 1.55 | 1.24 | 落叶 Deciduous |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 697 | 25.7 | 3.89 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 常绿 Evergreen |
宜昌木姜子 Litsea ichangensis | 807 | 7.8 | 2.24 | 0.24 | 1.09 | 落叶 Deciduous |
珍珠花 Lyonia ovalifolia | 627 | 15.4 | 5.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 落叶 Deciduous |
木姜子 Litsea pungens | 523 | 25.5 | 4.29 | 0.71 | 1.07 | 落叶 Deciduous |
南蛇藤 Celastrus orbiculatus | 652 | 8.9 | 2.21 | 0.18 | 1.04 | 落叶 Deciduous |
油茶 Camellia oleifera | 984 | 23.5 | 2.97 | 0.54 | 1.00 | 常绿 Evergreen |
表1 湖北七姊妹山6 ha森林动态监测样地的优势木本植物种类
Table 1 Dominant species of woody plants in the 6-ha Qizimei Mountains forest dynamics plot
物种 | 多度 | 最大胸径 | 平均胸径 | 胸高断面积 | 重要值 | 叶习性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Abundance | Max DBH (cm) | Mean DBH (cm) | Basal area (m2) | Importance value | Leaf habit |
川陕鹅耳枥 Carpinus fargesiana | 3,738 | 60.0 | 7.03 | 15.00 | 8.23 | 落叶 Deciduous |
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis | 4,153 | 40.8 | 4.64 | 8.01 | 6.06 | 常绿 Evergreen |
交让木 Daphniphyllum macropodum | 3,647 | 30.8 | 4.42 | 6.76 | 5.39 | 常绿 Evergreen |
缺萼枫香 Liquidambar acalycina | 479 | 65.0 | 16.00 | 8.72 | 3.70 | 落叶 Deciduous |
灯台树 Cornus controversa | 596 | 45.2 | 13.8 | 7.98 | 3.66 | 落叶 Deciduous |
四照花 Cornus kousa | 2,658 | 13.8 | 3.59 | 2.63 | 3.35 | 落叶 Deciduous |
亮叶桦 Betula luminifera | 559 | 36.8 | 13.2 | 5.96 | 2.89 | 落叶 Deciduous |
翅柃 Eurya alata | 2,398 | 18.0 | 2.75 | 1.12 | 2.50 | 常绿 Evergreen |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 1,450 | 37.0 | 4.54 | 2.75 | 2.25 | 常绿 Evergreen |
黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata | 1,578 | 17.1 | 2.94 | 0.90 | 2.04 | 常绿 Evergreen |
尖叶四照花 Cornus elliptica | 1,332 | 16.3 | 3.87 | 1.62 | 2.04 | 常绿 Evergreen |
野漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum | 345 | 30.4 | 12.60 | 3.43 | 1.92 | 落叶 Deciduous |
梾木 Cornus macrophylla | 464 | 33.8 | 9.20 | 2.91 | 1.80 | 落叶 Deciduous |
日本锦带花 Weigela japonica | 881 | 22.0 | 6.12 | 1.95 | 1.77 | 落叶 Deciduous |
茶荚蒾 Viburnum setigerum | 1,362 | 18.0 | 1.97 | 0.31 | 1.68 | 落叶 Deciduous |
君迁子 Diospyros lotus | 459 | 31.0 | 8.49 | 2.58 | 1.57 | 落叶 Deciduous |
中华猕猴桃 Actinidia chinensis | 1,071 | 12.5 | 2.89 | 0.52 | 1.51 | 落叶 Deciduous |
绿叶甘橿 Lindera neesiana | 1,360 | 8.2 | 1.58 | 0.18 | 1.51 | 落叶 Deciduous |
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri | 433 | 25.0 | 6.90 | 1.55 | 1.24 | 落叶 Deciduous |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 697 | 25.7 | 3.89 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 常绿 Evergreen |
宜昌木姜子 Litsea ichangensis | 807 | 7.8 | 2.24 | 0.24 | 1.09 | 落叶 Deciduous |
珍珠花 Lyonia ovalifolia | 627 | 15.4 | 5.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 落叶 Deciduous |
木姜子 Litsea pungens | 523 | 25.5 | 4.29 | 0.71 | 1.07 | 落叶 Deciduous |
南蛇藤 Celastrus orbiculatus | 652 | 8.9 | 2.21 | 0.18 | 1.04 | 落叶 Deciduous |
油茶 Camellia oleifera | 984 | 23.5 | 2.97 | 0.54 | 1.00 | 常绿 Evergreen |
图2 七姊妹山6 ha森林动态监测样地胸径 ≥ 1 cm木本植物径级分布
Fig. 2 Size-class distribution of diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1cm of woody plants in the 6-ha Qizimei Mountains forest dynamics plot, Hubei Province
起测胸径 Minimum DBH | 个体数 Number of individuals | 物种数 Number of species | 属数 Number of genera | 科数 Number of families |
---|---|---|---|---|
≥ 1.0 cm | 50,316 | 245 | 124 | 57 |
≥ 5.0 cm | 12,509 | 174 | 100 | 51 |
≥ 10.0 cm | 5,128 | 134 | 84 | 47 |
≥ 15.0 cm | 2,489 | 101 | 68 | 40 |
≥ 20.0 cm | 1,091 | 73 | 50 | 35 |
≥ 30.0 cm | 175 | 24 | 21 | 16 |
表2 湖北七姊妹山6 ha森林动态监测样地不同起测胸径的植株和科属种数量
Table 2 Number of stems, species, genera, and families with different minimum diameter at breast height (DBH) in the 6-ha Qizimei Mountains forest dynamics plot, Hubei Province
起测胸径 Minimum DBH | 个体数 Number of individuals | 物种数 Number of species | 属数 Number of genera | 科数 Number of families |
---|---|---|---|---|
≥ 1.0 cm | 50,316 | 245 | 124 | 57 |
≥ 5.0 cm | 12,509 | 174 | 100 | 51 |
≥ 10.0 cm | 5,128 | 134 | 84 | 47 |
≥ 15.0 cm | 2,489 | 101 | 68 | 40 |
≥ 20.0 cm | 1,091 | 73 | 50 | 35 |
≥ 30.0 cm | 175 | 24 | 21 | 16 |
图3 七姊妹山6 ha森林动态监测样地6种植物的空间分布图。灰色圆圈代表DBH < 10 cm, 黑色圆圈代表DBH ≥ 10 cm。(A)川陕鹅耳枥; (B)多脉青冈; (C)交让木; (D)缺萼枫香; (E)灯台树; (F)翅柃。
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution map of six species in the 6-ha Qizimei Mountains forest dynamics plot, Hubei Province. Gray circles represents stems DBH < 10 cm, black circles represents stems ≥ 10 cm DBH. (A) Carpinus fargesiana; (B) Cyclobalanopsis multinervis; (C) Daphniphyllum macropodum; (D) Liquidambar acalycina; (E) Cornus controversa; (F) Eurya alata.
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