海南热带雨林国家公园黎母山和尖峰岭溪流鱼类群落特征及其对土地利用的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2025374

生物多样性

海南热带雨林国家公园黎母山和尖峰岭溪流鱼类群落特征及其对土地利用的响应

高雯琪^1,2, 向景荣^1,3, 赵耀¹, 范灵霜¹, 谷圆^3,4, 邵韦涵^3,4, 李高俊^3,4, 赵光军^3,4, 陈明斌⁵, 蔡杏伟^3,4*, 陈凯^6*

1. 海南大学海洋生物与水产学院，海口 570228; 2. 海南大学生态学院，海口 570228; 3. 海南省海洋与渔业科学院, 海口 571126; 4. 海南淡水生物资源及生态环境保护研究中心, 海口 571126; 5. 海南热带雨林国家公园管理局黎母山分局, 琼中 572900；6. 南京林业大学生态与环境学院，南京 210037

收稿日期:2025-09-23 修回日期:2025-12-23
通讯作者: 蔡杏伟, 陈凯

Stream fish community characteristics and their response to land use in Limushan and Jianfengling of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

Wenqi Gao^1,2, Jingrong Xiang^1,3, Yao Zhao¹, Lingshuang Fan¹, Yuan Gu^3,4, Weihan Shao^3,4, Gaojun Li^3,4, Guangjun Zhao^3,4, Mingbin Chen⁵, Xingwei Cai^3,4*, Kai Chen^6*

1 School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228

2 School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228

3 Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126

4 Hainan Research Center for Freshwater Biological Resource and Ecological Environmental Protection, Haikou 571126

5 Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Limushan Management Bureau, Qiongzhong 572900

6 College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037

Received:2025-09-23 Revised:2025-12-23
Contact: Xingwei Cai, Kai Chen

1. 附录.pdf(8526KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海南热带雨林国家公园是我国重要的生物多样性热点区域之一，过去的几十年里受到森林砍伐、农业扩张和城镇化等土地利用改变的显著影响。目前，关于该区域溪流鱼类群落结构特征及其对土地利用变化响应特征的系统性研究仍较为缺乏。本研究于2024‒2025年期间，在海南热带雨林国家公园黎母山和尖峰岭及其周边溪流的40个点位进行了鱼类和环境数据的采集和调查工作。通过多元统计方法分析比较了黎母山和尖峰岭鱼类群落物种组成和多样性的空间分布格局及差异，采用相似性百分比分析识别了导致鱼类群落组成差异的显著物种，并利用随机森林模型解析土地利用变化影响下溪流鱼类多样性的关键影响因子及其非线性响应关系。研究结果表明，黎母山和尖峰岭的鱼类群落组成的空间分布格局存在显著性差异，细尾白甲鱼(Onychostoma lepturum)、拟细鲫(Aphyocypris normalis)、海南马口鱼(Opsariichthys hainanensis)和嘉积小鳔鮈(Microphysogobio kachekensis)是引起群落显著差异的关键物种。黎母山的溪流鱼类物种丰富度指数显著高于尖峰岭，尖峰岭鱼类群落多样性指数在各点位之间的变异性较低，分布更为均一。黎母山与尖峰岭鱼类群落多样性的主导因素及响应模式存在区域特异性，对土地利用及其影响下的环境因子存在显著的非线性响应特征。雨养耕地百分比与海拔是影响黎母山鱼类物种多样性的主要因子，草本覆盖耕地百分比、不透水面百分比、pH与电导率是尖峰岭鱼类多样性的主要影响因子。本研究结果有助于理解热带溪流鱼类群落组成和多样性对土地利用变化的响应特征，为热带雨林溪流生物多样性保护及区域土地利用规划提供理论基础和科学依据。

关键词: 物种组成, 生物多样性, 空间分布, 非线性响应, 随机森林模型

Abstract

Aims: Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is a key biodiversity hotspot in China, yet it has experienced increasing pressure in recent decades from land-use changes including deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization. However, a systematic understanding of the structural characteristics of stream fish communities in this region and their specific responses to these changes remains limited.

Methods: From 2024 to 2025, we collected data of fish assemblages and environmental variables across 40 stream sites in and around the Limushan and Jianfengling. We compared spatial patterns in fish community composition and diversity between the two regions using multiple statistical approaches. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis was applied to identify key species contributing most to community dissimilarities. We used random forest models to identify the key environmental factors of stream fish diversity under land-use change and to reveal their nonlinear response patterns. Results: Fish community composition differed significantly between Limushan and Jianfengling, with Onychostoma lepturum, Aphyocypris normalis, Opsariichthys hainanensis, and Microphysogobio kachekensis identified as the key species driving these distinctions. Species richness was significantly higher in Limushan than in Jianfengling, while fish diversity in Jianfengling also exhibited lower inter-site variability, indicating a more homogeneous spatial distribution. The major environmental drivers of fish diversity and their response patterns showed clear regional specificity and pronounced significant nonlinear relationships with land use and associated environmental variables. In Limushan, elevation and the percentage of rainfed cropland were the dominant factors, whereas in Jianfengling, the percentage of herbaceous cover cropland and impervious surfaces, pH, and conductivity played more prominent roles.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant spatial variation in stream fish community composition and diversity within Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, with diversity indices exhibiting nonlinear responses to land-use changes and environmental variables. These findings advance our understanding of how tropical rainforest stream fish communities are influenced by land-use change and provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable landscape planning in tropical rainforest regions.

Key words: species composition, biodiversity, spatial distribution, nonlinear response, random forest model

高雯琪, 向景荣, 赵耀, 范灵霜, 谷圆, 邵韦涵, 李高俊, 赵光军, 陈明斌, 蔡杏伟, 陈凯. 海南热带雨林国家公园黎母山和尖峰岭溪流鱼类群落特征及其对土地利用的响应. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025374.

Wenqi Gao, Jingrong Xiang, Yao Zhao, Lingshuang Fan, Yuan Gu, Weihan Shao, Gaojun Li, Guangjun Zhao, Mingbin Chen, Xingwei Cai, Kai Chen. Stream fish community characteristics and their response to land use in Limushan and Jianfengling of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025374.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025374

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