生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 21517. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021517
孙哲明1,2, 刘亚恒3, 彭秋桐1, 徐芷妍1, 杨予静1, 欧文慧4, 李中强1,*()
收稿日期:
2021-12-13
接受日期:
2022-02-21
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-04-20
通讯作者:
李中强
作者简介:
* E-mail: lizhq@hubu.edu.cn基金资助:
Zheming Sun1,2, Yaheng Liu3, Qiutong Peng1, Zhiyan Xu1, Yujing Yang1, Wenhui Ou4, Zhongqiang Li1,*()
Received:
2021-12-13
Accepted:
2022-02-21
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-04-20
Contact:
Zhongqiang Li
摘要:
极小种群野生植物是亟需保护、最为濒危的植物, 研究极小种群野生植物物种重要值和竞争格局对保护与恢复具有重要实践意义。本文通过野外群落调查, 研究了湖北省分布的7种极小种群野生植物大别山五针松(Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、峨眉含笑(Michelia wilsonii)、小勾儿茶(Berchemiella wilsonii)、长果秤锤树(Sinojackia dolichocarpa)、黄梅秤锤树(S. huangmeiensis)和庙台槭(Acer miaotaiense)的重要值及改进后的Hegyi竞争指数。结果表明: 从重要值来看, 水杉、长果秤锤树在各自所属的群落中具有较高的重要值及较低的变异系数, 为群落中的优势种; 庙台槭和黄梅秤锤树重要值较高, 为群落中的亚优势种; 大别山五针松、峨眉含笑、小勾儿茶重要值较低, 为群落伴生种。从改进后的Hegyi竞争指数来看, 湖北省7种极小种群野生植物受到的竞争压力的来源和强度存在较大差异, 大别山五针松、峨眉含笑、小勾儿茶、黄梅秤锤树主要受到种间竞争, 而水杉、长果秤锤树、庙台槭主要受到种内竞争, 因此在制定保护措施前要充分考虑物种间的竞争情况, 才能采取更有针对性的保护措施。
孙哲明, 刘亚恒, 彭秋桐, 徐芷妍, 杨予静, 欧文慧, 李中强 (2022) 湖北省极小种群野生植物在原生群落中的竞争地位及保护建议. 生物多样性, 30, 21517. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021517.
Zheming Sun, Yaheng Liu, Qiutong Peng, Zhiyan Xu, Yujing Yang, Wenhui Ou, Zhongqiang Li (2022) Competition status and conservation suggestions for Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations in primary communities in Hubei Province. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21517. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021517.
物种 Species | 分布区域 Distribution area | 保护等级 Protection level* | IUCN评级 IUCN grade | RLCHP评级 RLCHP grade** | 现存数量 Survival number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
大别山五针松 Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis | 英山县 Yingshan County | I | VU | - | 4 |
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 利川市 Lichuan City | I | EN | CR | 5,630 |
峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii | 利川市 Lichuan City | II | DD | VU | 8 |
小勾儿茶 Berchemiella wilsonii | 保康县、长阳县等 Baokang County, Changyang County, etc. | II | - | - | 113 |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 黄梅县 Huangmei County | II | VU | VU | 462 |
长果秤锤树 Sinojackia dolichocarpa | 秭归县 Zigui County | II | VU | EN | 13 |
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense | 神农架林区 Shennongjia Forestry District | II | VU | VU | 13 |
表1 湖北省分布的7种极小种群野生植物的分布及数量信息
Table 1 Distribution and quantity information of seven Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in Hubei Province
物种 Species | 分布区域 Distribution area | 保护等级 Protection level* | IUCN评级 IUCN grade | RLCHP评级 RLCHP grade** | 现存数量 Survival number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
大别山五针松 Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis | 英山县 Yingshan County | I | VU | - | 4 |
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 利川市 Lichuan City | I | EN | CR | 5,630 |
峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii | 利川市 Lichuan City | II | DD | VU | 8 |
小勾儿茶 Berchemiella wilsonii | 保康县、长阳县等 Baokang County, Changyang County, etc. | II | - | - | 113 |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 黄梅县 Huangmei County | II | VU | VU | 462 |
长果秤锤树 Sinojackia dolichocarpa | 秭归县 Zigui County | II | VU | EN | 13 |
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense | 神农架林区 Shennongjia Forestry District | II | VU | VU | 13 |
物种 Species | 样方数 No. of samples | 最大值 Max. value (%) | 最小值 Min. value (%) | 标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Mean (%) | 变异系数 Variation coefficient (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大别山五针松 Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis | 4 | 21.10 | 8.45 | 5.10 | 15.56 | 32.77 |
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 10 | 81.26 | 21.54 | 19.36 | 51.82 | 37.37 |
峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii | 5 | 17.45 | 9.58 | 2.65 | 14.09 | 18.79 |
小勾儿茶 Berchemiella wilsonii | 2 | 10.55 | 7.61 | 1.47 | 9.08 | 16.19 |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 10 | 72.96 | 10.98 | 18.42 | 33.16 | 55.54 |
长果秤锤树 Sinojackia dolichocarpa | 7 | 91.88 | 46.69 | 13.64 | 66.77 | 20.43 |
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense | 4 | 70.99 | 8.51 | 24.82 | 36.03 | 68.89 |
表2 湖北省7个极小种群野生植物在群落中的重要值
Table 2 Importance values of seven Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in their communities in Hubei Province
物种 Species | 样方数 No. of samples | 最大值 Max. value (%) | 最小值 Min. value (%) | 标准差 Standard deviation | 平均值 Mean (%) | 变异系数 Variation coefficient (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大别山五针松 Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis | 4 | 21.10 | 8.45 | 5.10 | 15.56 | 32.77 |
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 10 | 81.26 | 21.54 | 19.36 | 51.82 | 37.37 |
峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii | 5 | 17.45 | 9.58 | 2.65 | 14.09 | 18.79 |
小勾儿茶 Berchemiella wilsonii | 2 | 10.55 | 7.61 | 1.47 | 9.08 | 16.19 |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 10 | 72.96 | 10.98 | 18.42 | 33.16 | 55.54 |
长果秤锤树 Sinojackia dolichocarpa | 7 | 91.88 | 46.69 | 13.64 | 66.77 | 20.43 |
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense | 4 | 70.99 | 8.51 | 24.82 | 36.03 | 68.89 |
图1 湖北省7个极小种群野生植物在群落中受到的竞争强度。A: 大别山五针松; B: 水杉; C: 峨眉含笑; D: 小勾儿茶; E: 黄梅秤锤树; F: 长果秤锤树; G: 庙台槭。
Fig. 1 The competition intensity of seven Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in their communities in Hubei Province. A, Pinus fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis; B, Metasequoia glyptostroboides; C, Michelia wilsonii; D, Berchemiella wilsonii; E, Sinojackia huangmeiensis; F, S. dolichocarpa; G, Acer miaotaiense.
对象木 Objective tree | 竞争木 Competitive tree | 样方出现 频率 Occurrence frequency (%) | 株数 Individual number | 竞争强度 Competition intensity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值 Max. | 最小值 Min. | 竞争指数 Competition intensity | 平均值 Mean | 占总竞争指数百分比 % of total competition intensity | 排名 Rank | ||||
大别山五针松 Pinus var. dabeshanensis | 黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis | 100.0 | 21 | 8.18 | 0.16 | 9.13 | 0.43 | 94.8 | 1 |
山梅花 Philadelphus incanus | 25.0 | 2 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 2.0 | 2 | |
紫茎 Stewartia sinensis | 50.0 | 2 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 1.9 | 3 | |
金缕梅 Hamamelis mollis | 25.0 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 4 | |
茅栗 Castanea seguinii | 50.0 | 2 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.1 | - | |
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 水杉 M. glyptostroboides | 90.0 | 33 | 3.27 | 0.20 | 10.58 | 0.32 | 80.9 | 1 |
柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis | 40.0 | 17 | 0.91 | 0.02 | 1.95 | 0.11 | 14.9 | 2 | |
毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis | 10.0 | 9 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 2.0 | 3 | |
棕榈 Trachycarpus fortunei | 20.0 | 3 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 2.0 | 4 | |
银杏 Ginkgo biloba | 10.0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.2 | - | |
峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii | 鸡爪槭 Acer palmatum | 20.0 | 2 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.47 | 21.2 | 1 |
北枳椇 Hovenia dulcis | 20.0 | 3 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.15 | 10.4 | 2 | |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 40.0 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 9.8 | 3 | |
长蕊杜鹃 Rhododendron stamineum | 80.0 | 9 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 8.0 | 4 | |
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii | 20.0 | 2 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 7.6 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 30 | - | - | 1.89 | - | 43.1 | - | |
小勾儿茶 Berchemiella wilsonii | 鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii | 100.0 | 5 | 0.52 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.17 | 30.1 | 1 |
湖北紫荆 Cercis glabra | 100.0 | 6 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 12.1 | 2 | |
朴树 Celtis sinensis | 50.0 | 3 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 11.7 | 3 | |
榔榆 Ulmus parvifolia | 50.0 | 1 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 8.0 | 4 | |
化香树 Platycarya strobilacea | 50.0 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 7.7 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 16 | - | - | 0.86 | - | 30.5 | - | |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 麻栎 Quercus acutissima | 50.0 | 15 | 33.76 | 4.14 | 75.72 | 5.05 | 51.8 | 1 |
枸骨 Ilex cornuta | 80.0 | 19 | 5.70 | 0.05 | 16.75 | 0.88 | 11.5 | 2 | |
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana | 10.0 | 2 | 11.89 | 4.80 | 16.70 | 8.35 | 11.4 | 3 | |
樟 Cinnamomum camphora | 30.0 | 6 | 7.26 | 0.54 | 8.65 | 1.44 | 5.9 | 4 | |
黄梅秤锤树 S. huangmeiensis | 100.0 | 43 | 1.65 | 0.04 | 8.13 | 0.19 | 5.6 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 28 | - | - | 20.34 | - | 13.9 | - | |
长果秤锤树 Sinojackia dolichocarpa | 长果秤锤树 S. dolichocarpa | 100.0 | 13 | 1.48 | 0.17 | 5.68 | 0.25 | 66.0 | 1 |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 42.9 | 3 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 1.08 | 0.36 | 12.5 | 2 | |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 14.3 | 1 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 7.1 | 3 | |
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides | 42.9 | 9 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.60 | 0.07 | 7.0 | 4 | |
朴树 Celtis sinensis | 57.1 | 4 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 5.3 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 3 | - | - | 0.18 | - | 2.1 | - | |
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense | 庙台槭 A. miaotaiense | 75.0 | 13 | 6.55 | 0.47 | 9.81 | 0.75 | 66.2 | 1 |
苦树 Picrasma quassioides | 25.0 | 8 | 1.94 | 1.94 | 1.94 | 0.24 | 13.1 | 2 | |
枫杨 Pterocarya stenoptera | 25.0 | 2 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 5.4 | 3 | |
房县槭 A. sterculiaceum subsp. franchetii | 25.0 | 4 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 3.6 | 4 | |
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis | 25.0 | 3 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 2.2 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 12 | - | - | 2.39 | - | 9.6 | - |
表3 湖北省7种极小种群野生植物主要竞争木种类组成和竞争强度
Table 3 Species composition of competitive tree and the competition intensity of seven Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in Hubei Province
对象木 Objective tree | 竞争木 Competitive tree | 样方出现 频率 Occurrence frequency (%) | 株数 Individual number | 竞争强度 Competition intensity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值 Max. | 最小值 Min. | 竞争指数 Competition intensity | 平均值 Mean | 占总竞争指数百分比 % of total competition intensity | 排名 Rank | ||||
大别山五针松 Pinus var. dabeshanensis | 黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis | 100.0 | 21 | 8.18 | 0.16 | 9.13 | 0.43 | 94.8 | 1 |
山梅花 Philadelphus incanus | 25.0 | 2 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 2.0 | 2 | |
紫茎 Stewartia sinensis | 50.0 | 2 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 1.9 | 3 | |
金缕梅 Hamamelis mollis | 25.0 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 4 | |
茅栗 Castanea seguinii | 50.0 | 2 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.1 | - | |
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 水杉 M. glyptostroboides | 90.0 | 33 | 3.27 | 0.20 | 10.58 | 0.32 | 80.9 | 1 |
柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis | 40.0 | 17 | 0.91 | 0.02 | 1.95 | 0.11 | 14.9 | 2 | |
毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis | 10.0 | 9 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 2.0 | 3 | |
棕榈 Trachycarpus fortunei | 20.0 | 3 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 2.0 | 4 | |
银杏 Ginkgo biloba | 10.0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.2 | - | |
峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii | 鸡爪槭 Acer palmatum | 20.0 | 2 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.47 | 21.2 | 1 |
北枳椇 Hovenia dulcis | 20.0 | 3 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.15 | 10.4 | 2 | |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 40.0 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 9.8 | 3 | |
长蕊杜鹃 Rhododendron stamineum | 80.0 | 9 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 8.0 | 4 | |
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii | 20.0 | 2 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 7.6 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 30 | - | - | 1.89 | - | 43.1 | - | |
小勾儿茶 Berchemiella wilsonii | 鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii | 100.0 | 5 | 0.52 | 0.33 | 0.85 | 0.17 | 30.1 | 1 |
湖北紫荆 Cercis glabra | 100.0 | 6 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 12.1 | 2 | |
朴树 Celtis sinensis | 50.0 | 3 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 11.7 | 3 | |
榔榆 Ulmus parvifolia | 50.0 | 1 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 8.0 | 4 | |
化香树 Platycarya strobilacea | 50.0 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 7.7 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 16 | - | - | 0.86 | - | 30.5 | - | |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 麻栎 Quercus acutissima | 50.0 | 15 | 33.76 | 4.14 | 75.72 | 5.05 | 51.8 | 1 |
枸骨 Ilex cornuta | 80.0 | 19 | 5.70 | 0.05 | 16.75 | 0.88 | 11.5 | 2 | |
枫香树 Liquidambar formosana | 10.0 | 2 | 11.89 | 4.80 | 16.70 | 8.35 | 11.4 | 3 | |
樟 Cinnamomum camphora | 30.0 | 6 | 7.26 | 0.54 | 8.65 | 1.44 | 5.9 | 4 | |
黄梅秤锤树 S. huangmeiensis | 100.0 | 43 | 1.65 | 0.04 | 8.13 | 0.19 | 5.6 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 28 | - | - | 20.34 | - | 13.9 | - | |
长果秤锤树 Sinojackia dolichocarpa | 长果秤锤树 S. dolichocarpa | 100.0 | 13 | 1.48 | 0.17 | 5.68 | 0.25 | 66.0 | 1 |
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 42.9 | 3 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 1.08 | 0.36 | 12.5 | 2 | |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 14.3 | 1 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 7.1 | 3 | |
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides | 42.9 | 9 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.60 | 0.07 | 7.0 | 4 | |
朴树 Celtis sinensis | 57.1 | 4 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 5.3 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 3 | - | - | 0.18 | - | 2.1 | - | |
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense | 庙台槭 A. miaotaiense | 75.0 | 13 | 6.55 | 0.47 | 9.81 | 0.75 | 66.2 | 1 |
苦树 Picrasma quassioides | 25.0 | 8 | 1.94 | 1.94 | 1.94 | 0.24 | 13.1 | 2 | |
枫杨 Pterocarya stenoptera | 25.0 | 2 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 5.4 | 3 | |
房县槭 A. sterculiaceum subsp. franchetii | 25.0 | 4 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 3.6 | 4 | |
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis | 25.0 | 3 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 2.2 | 5 | |
其他伴生种 Other trees | - | 12 | - | - | 2.39 | - | 9.6 | - |
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