中国灵长类学研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2025462

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 25462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025462 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025462

• 中国灵长类研究历史与进展——纪念Jane Goodall专题 • 上一篇下一篇

中国灵长类学研究进展

郭松涛(), 陈国梁, 李保国^*()()

西北大学生命科学学院陕西省秦岭珍稀濒危动物保育重点实验室, 西安 710069

收稿日期:2025-11-19 接受日期:2026-03-18 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: baoguoli@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2024YFF1307302);国家自然科学基金(32220103002);国家自然科学基金(32370534);国家自然科学基金(32371563);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2025SYS-SYSZD-072);西安市科技计划(2023JH-GHZ1-0004)

Advances in primatology in China

Songtao Guo(), Guoliang Chen, Baoguo Li^*()()

Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China

Received:2025-11-19 Accepted:2026-03-18 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-09
Contact: *E-mail: baoguoli@nwu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1307302);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32220103002);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370534);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371563);Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program(2025SYS-SYSZD-072);Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Project(2023JH-GHZ1-0004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灵长类是与人类进化关系最近的生物类群, 中国拥有丰富的灵长类多样性, 相关研究对生物多样性保护与理解人类自身具有重要意义。中国灵长类学研究自20世纪80年代起蓬勃发展, 通过成立灵长类专家组(1989年)及后续的中国灵长类学会(2017年), 中国学界构建了独立的学术体系, 并于2002年主办第十九届国际灵长类学会(International Primatological Society, IPS)大会, 于2014年成为IPS会员国, 国际影响力日益提升。中国学者在6个方面取得重要进展。(1)分类与分布: 发现了白颊猕猴(Macaca leucogenys)、高黎贡白眉长臂猿(Hoolock tianxing)等新物种, 确认中国拥有29种灵长类。(2)遗传与演化: 发起的灵长类基因组计划, 系统揭示了猕猴的辐射演化和金丝猴的杂交起源历史。(3)行为学与生理适应: 长期野外研究揭示了灵长类中的“重层社会”结构、复杂的交配策略、鸣唱、路径规划等行为及其规律; 解析了灵长类营养调控与肠道微生物的协同适应机制。(4)认知与脑神经: 在猕猴高级认知和情绪处理的神经基础研究上取得重要发现。(5)保护生物学: 系统评估了全球及中国灵长类的生存威胁, 针对珍稀物种开展了卓有成效的研究。(6)研究方法创新: 人工智能行为识别、无人机监测等新技术的应用推动了研究的自动化与智能化。中国灵长类学在多个关键领域形成了具有国际影响力的研究范式, 并已发展成为具有突出国际贡献的综合性交叉学科。未来研究将围绕国家公园建设、生物安全与脑科学等国家战略需求, 进一步整合跨学科方法, 推动灵长类遗传、行为与认知的基础研究, 并将研究成果向全球生物多样性保护实践转化, 为人类认知演化及人与自然和谐共生贡献中国智慧。

关键词: 灵长类, 研究进展, 分类, 遗传, 行为, 保护, 认知

Abstract

Background & Aims: Primates are the closest living relatives to humans. China harbors rich primate diversity, and research on this group is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and for understanding humanity itself. Chinese Primatology has boomed since the 1980s, with the establishment of a specialized academic system including the Primate Specialist Group (1989) and the China Primatological Society (2017).

Review Results: China hosted the 19th Congress of the International Primatological Society (IPS) in 2002 and became an IPS member in 2014, marking its growing international influence. Chinese primatology has evolved from basic species surveys to a comprehensive discipline integrating multiple fields, addressing global biodiversity conservation and human cognitive evolution needs. Chinese scholars have achieved pivotal progress in six key areas. In taxonomy and distribution, new species such as the white-cheeked macaque (Macaca leucogenys) and the skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) were discovered, confirming that China harbors 29 primate species from 3 families and 8 genera. Genetic and evolutionary studies, led by the Primate Genome Project, revealed the radiation evolution of macaques driven by Quaternary climate fluctuations and the hybrid origin of snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.), also elucidating primate extinction mechanisms and social evolution drivers. Behavioral and physiological research uncovered the “multilevel society” of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), gibbons’ song coordination and path-planning behaviors, and the synergistic adaptation of primate nutritional regulation and gut microbiota. Cognitive and neuroscientific studies identified neural bases for advanced cognition and emotional processing in macaques, establishing a complete research system from disease models to cellular atlases. Conservation research built a scientific system from risk assessment to targeted intervention, achieving remarkable results such as the doubling in number of white-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus). Methodological innovations applied AI-based behavior recognition and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring, forming an intelligent “sky-land-sound” observation system and promoting automated and intelligent research.

Prospects: Overall, Chinese primatology has formed internationally influential research paradigms in multiple key fields. It has developed into a comprehensive interdisciplinary discipline with prominent international contributions. Future research will focus on national strategic needs such as national park construction, biosafety, and brain science. It will further integrate cross-disciplinary methods, advance basic research on primate genetics, behavior and cognition, and translate research achievements into global biodiversity conservation practices, contributing Chinese wisdom to human cognitive evolution and the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.

Key words: primate, research progress, taxonomy, genetics, behavior, conservation, cognition

郭松涛, 陈国梁, 李保国 (2026) 中国灵长类学研究进展. 生物多样性, 34, 25462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025462.

Songtao Guo, Guoliang Chen, Baoguo Li (2026) Advances in primatology in China. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025462.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025462

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I3/25462

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中国灵长类学研究进展

Advances in primatology in China

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