生物多样性

• 研究报告: 生物安全与自然保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

近30年我国围填海对中华白海豚栖息地的影响

鲁夕霞1,2,3, 周冯祥1,2,3, 雍李明1,2,3, 曾千慧1,2,3, 赵丽媛1,2,3, 张语克1,2,3*, 王先艳1,2,3*   

  1. 1. 自然资源部第三海洋研究所, 福建厦门 361005; 2. 自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室, 福建厦门 361005; 3. 福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室, 福建厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-10-22 接受日期:2026-01-08 出版日期:2026-01-09 发布日期:2026-01-09
  • 通讯作者: 张语克, 王先艳

Impacts of coastal reclamation on Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis) habitats in China over the past 30 years

Xixia Lu1,2,3, Fengxiang Zhou1,2,3, Liming Yong1,2,3, Qianhui Zeng1,2,3, Liyuan Zhao1,2,3, Yuke Zhang1,2,3*, Xianyan Wang1,2,3*   

  1. 1 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China 

    2 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China 

    3 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China

  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-10-22 Accepted:2026-01-08 Online:2026-01-09 Published:2026-01-09
  • Contact: Yuke Zhang, Xianyan Wang

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摘要： 海岸带的快速开发对全球海洋生物多样性构成严峻挑战, 亟需对关键物种的栖息地变化开展大尺度、长时程的量化评估。本研究以中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)为关键指示物种, 耦合近30年的卫星遥感与社会经济数据, 系统解析了中国东南沿海围填海的空间格局及其驱动因素, 并评估了围填海造成的栖息地丧失与当前的保护空缺。结果表明: 在地区常住人口密度(r = 0.638, P < 0.001)和人均地区生产总值(r = 0.635, P < 0.001)等因素驱动下, 1990–2020年研究区累计围填海面积达1,683.20 km2, 年均围填海强度为0.30 ha·a–1·km–1, 整体呈现“北高南低, 河口集聚”的空间格局。广泛发生的围填海活动对中华白海豚各地方种群造成不同程度的影响: 厦门湾种群的栖息地丧失比例与栖息地内围填海强度最高(分别为9.03%, 0.46 ha·a–1·km–1), 其次是珠江口种群(4.63%, 0.43 ha·a–1·km–1), 海南西南水域种群栖息地丧失比例与栖息地内围填海强度最低(0.06%, 0.02 ha·a–1·km–1)。值得注意的是, 现有中华白海豚种群栖息地总体仅有8.25% (818.94 km2)位于保护区范围内, 存在巨大保护空缺。当前亟需将中华白海豚种群分布的河口地区纳入自然保护地体系, 构建陆海统筹的生态保护格局, 以保护现有的栖息地并提高其连通性。该成果可为优化我国海洋生态保护红线及制定濒危海洋物种保护策略提供科学依据。

关键词: 遥感影像, 归一化差异水体指数, 围填海强度, 栖息地, 保护空缺

Abstract

Background & Aims: The rapid development of the coastal zones poses a serious challenge to global marine biodiversity, highlighting the urgent need for large-scale and long-term quantitative assessments of habitat changes for key species. Using the Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis) as a key indicator species, this study integrates nearly three decades of satellite remote sensing and socioeconomic data to systematically analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of coastal reclamation in southeastern China, along with the resultant habitat loss and conservation gaps for this species. These findings provide scientific evidence for optimizing China’s marine ecological redlines and formulating conservation strategies for endangered marine species. 

Results: Driven primarily by regional population density (r = 0.638, P < 0.001) and per capita regional GDP (r = 0.635, P < 0.001), the cumulative coastal reclamation area in the study region reached 1,683.20 km2 between 1990 and 2020, with an annual average reclamation intensity of 0.30 ha·a–1·km–1. The reclamation exhibited a distinct spatial pattern characterized by “higher intensity in the north, lower in the south, and significant clustering in estuarine zones.” Extensive reclamation differentially impacted local Chinese white dolphin populations: the Xiamen Bay population experienced the highest proportion of habitat loss and the highest reclamation intensity within its habitat (9.03% and 0.46 ha·a–1·km–1, respectively), followed by the Pearl River Estuary population (4.63% and 0.43 ha·a–1·km–1), the population in the southwestern waters of Hainan was the least affected (0.06% and 0.02 ha·a–1·km–1). Notably, only 8.25% (818.94 km2) of the species’ current habitat was located within protected areas, revealing significant conservation gaps. 

Conclusion & Recommendation: Urgent actions are required to: (1) incorporate the estuarine habitats of Chinese white dolphin population into the natural protected area system; (2) establish an integrated land-sea conservation framework to protect the existing habitats and enhance connectivity.

Key words: remote sensing imagery, MNDWI, coastal reclamation intensity, habitat, conservation gaps

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