湖南大围山杜鹃灌丛的群落组成及结构特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2015024

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 815-823. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015024

湖南大围山杜鹃灌丛的群落组成及结构特征

李家湘^1,^2,³, 张旭², 谢宗强^1,^*(), 卢从发⁴, 涂向阳⁵, 寻院⁶

1 (中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093)
2 (中南林业科技大学林学院, 长沙 410004)
3 (中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
4 (浏阳市林业局, 湖南浏阳 410300)
5 (湖南大围山国家森林公园, 湖南浏阳 410309)
6 (湖南大围山自然保护区管理所, 湖南浏阳 410309)

收稿日期:2015-01-25 接受日期:2015-08-29 出版日期:2015-11-20 发布日期:2015-12-02
通讯作者: 谢宗强
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项——应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题(XDA05050302)、中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室开放课题(2014kf02)和湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(14B194)

Community composition and structure of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain, Hunan Province

Jiaxiang Li^1,^2,³, Xu Zhang², Zongqiang Xie^1,^*(), Congfa Lu⁴, Xiangyang Tu⁵, Yuan Xun⁶

1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
2 College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4 Liuyang Forestry Bureau, Liuyang, Hunan 410300
5 Dawei Mountain National Forest Park, Liuyang, Hunan 410309
6 Administration Bureau of Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve, Liuyang, Hunan 410309

Received:2015-01-25 Accepted:2015-08-29 Online:2015-11-20 Published:2015-12-02
Contact: Xie Zongqiang

1. 附录1~3.pdf(1302KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌丛是陆地生态系统中最重要的自然植被类型之一, 在植被演替、生物多样性保护和维持生态平衡等方面具有重要作用。本文基于2012年的样地资料, 对湖南大围山杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)灌丛的物种组成和群落结构进行了分析。结果表明: 群落内共有维管束植物58种, 隶属于36科50属, 其中木本植物19种, 草本植物39种, 缺乏木质藤本; 区系以温带性质为主, 兼受热带亚热带区系的强烈影响; 群落外貌矮平, 灌木层个体集中在1-2 m高度级; 植被分类上, 该群落归属于山地中生落叶阔叶灌丛, 隶属于温性落叶阔叶灌丛群系组; 生活型以地面芽和高位芽植物为主, 反映了亚热带中山山顶温凉湿润的气候特点; 群落各层次优势种明显, 具有较高的稳定性和均匀性; 高度级和基径级分析表明群落内中等大小个体具有保守的生活史策略, 优势种杜鹃为远期衰退种群。综合分析结果表明, 该杜鹃灌丛尚处于群落演替的中期或前中期, 最终将演替为亚热带中山常绿落叶阔叶混交林或常绿阔叶林。

关键词: 中山山地灌丛, 温性落叶阔叶灌丛, 衰退种群, 演替前期, 亚热带

Abstract

As one of the most important natural vegetation types of terrestrial ecosystems, shrublands play an important role in vegetation succession, biodiversity conservation and ecological balance. Based on the data collected in six Rhododendron simsii shrubland permanent plots established in the Dawei Mountain Nature Reserve in Liuyang, Hunan Province, China in 2012, we analyzed species composition and community structure. The results were as follows: There were 36 families, 50 genera and 58 vascular plant species including 19 woody species and 39 herbaceous species in the community without woody vine species. Floristic composition was dominated by the temperate elements and affected strongly by tropical and subtropical flora. The physiognomy was short and the vertical structure of the community was distinct with obvious shrub and herb layers. Most individuals of shrub species were concentrated in the 1-2 m height class. The shrubland was a type of the montane mesophilius deciduous broad-leaved thickets, belonging to the temperate deciduous broad-leaved thicket formation group. The life-form spectrum reflected the cold climatic conditions due to the high percentage of phaenerophytes and hemicryptophytes in the community. There were obvious dominant species in the community that had a high stability and uniformity. The analysis of height and base area classes of the shrub layer indicated mid-size individuals had conservative life strategies in this community, and R. simsii was a future declining population. Generally, the results suggest that R. simsii shrubland is at an early or middle successional stage and will develop into a subtropical montane evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Key words: montane shrubland, temperate deciduous broad-leaved shrubland, declining population, early successional stage, subtropics

李家湘, 张旭, 谢宗强, 卢从发, 涂向阳, 寻院 (2015) 湖南大围山杜鹃灌丛的群落组成及结构特征. 生物多样性, 23, 815-823. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015024.

Jiaxiang Li, Xu Zhang, Zongqiang Xie, Congfa Lu, Xiangyang Tu, Yuan Xun (2015) Community composition and structure of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain, Hunan Province. Biodiversity Science, 23, 815-823. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015024.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015024

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I6/815

图/表 6

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物种 Species	株数 No. of individual	平均基径 Mean BD	最大基径 Maximum BD (cm)	均高 Mean H (m)	最大高 Maximum H (m)	基面积 Basic area (m²/ha)	相对密度RD (%)	相对显著度RM (%)	重要值 IV (%)
杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii	5,689	1.59	8.37	1.45	4.20	19.44	87.54	84.28	63.66
湖南白檀 Symplocos hunanensis	455	1.65	9.82	1.34	4.89	2.57	7.00	11.13	12.43
四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis	98	0.96	4.21	0.99	2.77	0.14	1.51	0.61	5.20
渐尖叶日本绣线菊 Spiraea japonica var. acuminata	105	0.84	2.47	1.27	2.12	0.10	1.62	0.41	5.17
圆锥绣球 Hydrangea paniculata	25	2.70	7.42	1.66	2.91	0.33	0.38	1.42	2.73
格药柃 Eurya muricata	29	1.10	3.23	1.00	2.42	0.05	0.45	0.24	2.36
波叶红果树 Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata	16	1.04	2.38	1.07	1.93	0.03	0.25	0.13	1.54
尾叶樱桃 Cerasus dielsiana	8	2.45	6.41	2.00	5.12	0.08	0.12	0.35	1.10
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	10	3.48	5.90	1.78	2.43	0.18	0.15	0.76	1.01
直角荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum	37	0.77	4.36	1.06	1.78	0.04	0.57	0.19	0.96
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica	14	1.63	3.24	1.53	2.25	0.05	0.22	0.22	0.85
四照花 Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis	3	1.34	1.98	1.64	2.51	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.74
中国绣球 Hydrangea chinensis	3	2.05	3.73	1.54	2.01	0.02	0.05	0.09	0.52
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	2	2.14	2.40	1.82	1.92	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.50
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	1	2.50	2.50	3.00	3.00	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.25
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	1	2.07	2.07	2.82	2.82	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.25
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri	1	2.04	2.04	1.70	1.70	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.25
小叶栎 Quercus chenii	1	1.38	1.38	2.12	2.12	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.24
长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata	1	0.89	0.89	1.76	1.76	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.24
合计 Total	6,499	1.57	9.82	1.43	5.12	23.06	100.00	100.00	100.00

物种 Species	株数 No. of individual	平均基径 Mean BD	最大基径 Maximum BD (cm)	均高 Mean H (m)	最大高 Maximum H (m)	基面积 Basic area (m²/ha)	相对密度RD (%)	相对显著度RM (%)	重要值 IV (%)
杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii	5,689	1.59	8.37	1.45	4.20	19.44	87.54	84.28	63.66
湖南白檀 Symplocos hunanensis	455	1.65	9.82	1.34	4.89	2.57	7.00	11.13	12.43
四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis	98	0.96	4.21	0.99	2.77	0.14	1.51	0.61	5.20
渐尖叶日本绣线菊 Spiraea japonica var. acuminata	105	0.84	2.47	1.27	2.12	0.10	1.62	0.41	5.17
圆锥绣球 Hydrangea paniculata	25	2.70	7.42	1.66	2.91	0.33	0.38	1.42	2.73
格药柃 Eurya muricata	29	1.10	3.23	1.00	2.42	0.05	0.45	0.24	2.36
波叶红果树 Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata	16	1.04	2.38	1.07	1.93	0.03	0.25	0.13	1.54
尾叶樱桃 Cerasus dielsiana	8	2.45	6.41	2.00	5.12	0.08	0.12	0.35	1.10
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	10	3.48	5.90	1.78	2.43	0.18	0.15	0.76	1.01
直角荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum	37	0.77	4.36	1.06	1.78	0.04	0.57	0.19	0.96
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica	14	1.63	3.24	1.53	2.25	0.05	0.22	0.22	0.85
四照花 Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis	3	1.34	1.98	1.64	2.51	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.74
中国绣球 Hydrangea chinensis	3	2.05	3.73	1.54	2.01	0.02	0.05	0.09	0.52
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	2	2.14	2.40	1.82	1.92	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.50
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	1	2.50	2.50	3.00	3.00	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.25
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	1	2.07	2.07	2.82	2.82	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.25
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri	1	2.04	2.04	1.70	1.70	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.25
小叶栎 Quercus chenii	1	1.38	1.38	2.12	2.12	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.24
长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata	1	0.89	0.89	1.76	1.76	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.24
合计 Total	6,499	1.57	9.82	1.43	5.12	23.06	100.00	100.00	100.00

物种 Species	平均高 Mean hight (m)	盖度 Coverage (%)	密度 Density (individual/m²)	频度 Frequency (%)	重要值 (%) IV
短尖薹草 Carex brevicuspis	0.19	32.27	18.11	44.44	18.86
香港双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum nienkui	0.08	6.60	12.41	92.59	13.55
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	0.74	28.46	2.89	62.96	12.00
十字苔草 Carex cruciata	0.12	22.75	6.11	48.15	10.23
野青茅 Deyeuxia arundinacea var. arundinacea	0.42	12.44	4.11	62.96	9.43
扬子小连翘 Hypericum faberi	0.27	3.83	3.04	48.15	4.63
华东山芹 Ostericum huadongense	0.52	5.22	1.30	55.56	4.34
翠云草 Selaginella uncinata	0.10	4.83	3.74	29.63	4.18
九华蒲儿根 Sinosenecio jiuhuashanicus	0.25	9.69	2.89	22.22	3.57
异叶茴芹 Pimpinella diversifolia	0.22	12.42	1.63	18.52	2.77
珍珠菜 Lysimachia clethroides	0.40	2.80	0.59	29.63	2.01
五岭龙胆 Gentiana davidii	0.11	1.58	0.44	25.93	1.60
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum	0.43	3.44	0.22	22.22	1.52
紫萼 Hosta ventricosa	0.23	2.13	0.37	18.52	1.22
金星蕨 Parathelypteris glanduligera	0.15	4.00	0.59	11.11	1.04
其他24种 Other 24 species	0.26	1.82	2.80		9.05
合计39种 Total 39 species	0.27	40.00			100.00

物种 Species	平均高 Mean hight (m)	盖度 Coverage (%)	密度 Density (individual/m²)	频度 Frequency (%)	重要值 (%) IV
短尖薹草 Carex brevicuspis	0.19	32.27	18.11	44.44	18.86
香港双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum nienkui	0.08	6.60	12.41	92.59	13.55
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	0.74	28.46	2.89	62.96	12.00
十字苔草 Carex cruciata	0.12	22.75	6.11	48.15	10.23
野青茅 Deyeuxia arundinacea var. arundinacea	0.42	12.44	4.11	62.96	9.43
扬子小连翘 Hypericum faberi	0.27	3.83	3.04	48.15	4.63
华东山芹 Ostericum huadongense	0.52	5.22	1.30	55.56	4.34
翠云草 Selaginella uncinata	0.10	4.83	3.74	29.63	4.18
九华蒲儿根 Sinosenecio jiuhuashanicus	0.25	9.69	2.89	22.22	3.57
异叶茴芹 Pimpinella diversifolia	0.22	12.42	1.63	18.52	2.77
珍珠菜 Lysimachia clethroides	0.40	2.80	0.59	29.63	2.01
五岭龙胆 Gentiana davidii	0.11	1.58	0.44	25.93	1.60
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum	0.43	3.44	0.22	22.22	1.52
紫萼 Hosta ventricosa	0.23	2.13	0.37	18.52	1.22
金星蕨 Parathelypteris glanduligera	0.15	4.00	0.59	11.11	1.04
其他24种 Other 24 species	0.26	1.82	2.80		9.05
合计39种 Total 39 species	0.27	40.00			100.00

分布区类型Areal-type	属数 No. of genera	比例 %
1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	5	-
2 泛热带分布 Pantropic	7	18.42
3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjointed	1	2.63
4 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	1	2.63
7 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	3	7.89
8 北温带分布 North Temperate	14	36.84
9 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia and North America disjointed	4	10.53
10 旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate	2	5.26
11 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	1	2.63
14 东亚分布 East Asia	5	13.16
合计 Total	43	100.00

湖南大围山杜鹃灌丛的群落组成及结构特征

Community composition and structure of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain, Hunan Province

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