湖北神农架中亚热带山地落叶阔叶林25 ha动态监测样地群落物种组成与结构特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2023338

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 23338. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023338 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023338

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

湖北神农架中亚热带山地落叶阔叶林25 ha动态监测样地群落物种组成与结构特征

魏嘉欣¹^,², 姜治国³^,⁴, 杨林森³^,⁴, 熊欢欢³^,⁴, 金胶胶³^,⁴, 罗方林¹^,², 李杰华¹^,², 吴浩¹, 徐耀粘¹^,^*(), 乔秀娟¹, 魏新增¹, 姚辉³^,⁴, 余辉亮³^,⁴, 杨敬元³^,⁴, 江明喜¹

1.中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 武汉 430074
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.神农架国家公园科学研究院, 湖北神农架 442421
4.神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室, 湖北神农架 442421

收稿日期:2023-09-15 接受日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-06
通讯作者: *E-mail: xuyaozhan@wbgcas.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700356);神农架国家公园本底资源综合调查研究项目(SNJNP2022001);神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室开放课题(SNJGKL2022001)

Community composition and structure in a 25 ha mid-subtropical mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Shennongjia, Hubei, China

Jiaxin Wei¹^,², Zhiguo Jiang³^,⁴, Linsen Yang³^,⁴, Huanhuan Xiong³^,⁴, Jiaojiao Jin³^,⁴, Fanglin Luo¹^,², Jiehua Li¹^,², Hao Wu¹, Yaozhan Xu¹^,^*(), Xiujuan Qiao¹, Xinzeng Wei¹, Hui Yao³^,⁴, Huiliang Yu³^,⁴, Jingyuan Yang³^,⁴, Mingxi Jiang¹

1 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 Science Research Institute of Shennongjia National Park, Shennongjia, Hubei 442421
4 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Shennongjia Snub-nosed Monkeys, Shennongjia, Hubei 442421

Received:2023-09-15 Accepted:2023-12-22 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-06
Contact: *E-mail: xuyaozhan@wbgcas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

神农架落叶阔叶林是中亚热带北缘山地保存较好的典型森林植被类型。为探究中亚热带落叶阔叶林的物种多样性维持机制和森林动态, 中国科学院武汉植物园按照全球森林生物多样性监测网络(Forest Global Earth Observatory, ForestGEO)和中国森林生物多样性监测网络(Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network, CForBio)的建设标准, 于2022年在神农架南坡建设了一个25 ha的落叶阔叶林森林动态监测样地。本文基于样地内所有胸径 ≥ 1 cm的木本植物(不含竹、藤)调查数据, 分析了其物种组成、植物区系特征、群落结构。结果表明: 该样地海拔落差334 m, 含木本植物149种(包含变种), 61,054个独立个体(包括分枝共有97,664个体), 隶属于44科79属, 其中常绿和落叶树种分别为28种和121种; 稀有种(< 1株/ha)有44种(29.5%); 有萌枝的个体占总个体数的26.8%, 其物种数占样地物种总数的93.3%。样地科的分布以热带分布(19科, 43.2%)占优势, 属的分布以北温带分布(35属, 44.3%)占优势。该群落乔木层以锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata)和米心水青冈(Fagus engleriana)为优势种, 其重要值分别占7.5%和6.6%。样地树种的平均胸径为7.71 cm, 胸径 ≤ 10 cm的个体占优势(76.7%)。群落径级结构整体上呈倒“J”型, 优势物种的径级结构主要呈现类倒“J”型和正态分布型。神农架中亚热带山地落叶阔叶林具有丰富的物种多样性, 相较于纬度相近的样地, 其物种多样性更高; 植物区系多样; 群落结构稳定, 根萌比例高, 物种更新良好。

关键词: 中亚热带, 动态监测样地, 生物多样性, 植物区系, 重要值, 群落结构

Abstract

Aims: The deciduous broad-leaved forest in Shennongjia is a typical ecosystem that is well preserved on the northern edges of the middle subtropical zone. In order to explore underlying mechanisms of species diversity maintenance and forest dynamics in a mid-subtropical mountain region, a 25 ha forest dynamics plot of deciduous broad-leaved forest was constructed on the southern slope of Shennongjia in 2022, following the protocol of the Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) and the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network (CForBio). The establishment of this plot had complemented the forest dynamics monitoring network in China.
Methods: Based on the survey data of all woody plants (omitting bamboo and vines) with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm, the plot was analyzed based on community composition, plant flora, and community structure. All of these individuals had been subjected to species identification, DBH measurement and coordinate measurement.
Results: Results suggested that the plot, characterized by an elevation difference of 334 m, accommodated 61,054 surviving individuals (total 97,664 individuals including branches) belonging to 149 species (including varieties), 79 genera and 44 families of woody plants. There were 28 evergreen and 121 deciduous tree species, respectively, and 44 (29.5%) rare species (< 1 ind./ha) were recorded in the plot. Individuals with sprouts accounted for 26.8% of the total population, while species with sprouts accounted for 93.3% of the total number of the plot. The plot had typical transitional characteristics from the middle subtropical zone to the north subtropical zone, dominated by both tropical families (43.2%, 19 families) and north temperate genera (44.3%, 35 genera). The canopy layer was dominated by Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata and Fagus engleriana, with importance values of 7.5% and 6.6%. The average DBH of trees species was 7.71 cm, and individuals with DBH ≤ 10 cm were dominant (76.7%). The size class distribution of dominant species mainly showed both an inverted “J” type and a normal distribution type.
Conclusion: Shennongjia mid-subtropical montane deciduous broad-leaved forest is rich in species diversity and diverse in flora, compared to plots at similar latitudes. The community structure is stable, with a high root sprouting ratio and successful regeneration.

Key words: mid-subtropical zone, forest dynamics plot, biodiversity, flora, importance value, community structure

魏嘉欣, 姜治国, 杨林森, 熊欢欢, 金胶胶, 罗方林, 李杰华, 吴浩, 徐耀粘, 乔秀娟, 魏新增, 姚辉, 余辉亮, 杨敬元, 江明喜 (2024) 湖北神农架中亚热带山地落叶阔叶林25 ha动态监测样地群落物种组成与结构特征. 生物多样性, 32, 23338. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023338.

Jiaxin Wei, Zhiguo Jiang, Linsen Yang, Huanhuan Xiong, Jiaojiao Jin, Fanglin Luo, Jiehua Li, Hao Wu, Yaozhan Xu, Xiujuan Qiao, Xinzeng Wei, Hui Yao, Huiliang Yu, Jingyuan Yang, Mingxi Jiang (2024) Community composition and structure in a 25 ha mid-subtropical mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23338. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023338.

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https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I3/23338

图/表 6

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物种名 Species name	所属科 Family name	多度 Abundance	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²/ha)	重要值 Importance value	生活型 Life form	所在林层 Stratum
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata	壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,141	136.1234	0.0749	D	C
五裂槭 Acer oliverianum	无患子科 Sapindaceae	7,556	109.6617	0.0742	D	U
米心水青冈 Fagus engleriana	壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,345	95.9016	0.0663	D	C
红桦 Betula albosinensis	桦木科 Betulaceae	1,670	50.5613	0.0571	D	C
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	樟科 Lauraceae	2,552	50.5005	0.0455	D	U
四蕊槭 Acer stachyophyllum subsp. betulifolium	无患子科 Sapindaceae	3,284	31.8017	0.0310	D	U
荚蒾 Viburnum dilatatum	五福花科 Adoxaceae	3,089	22.9315	0.0277	D	S
水榆花楸 Sorbus alnifolia	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	1,951	19.0111	0.0248	D	C
漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	924	17.2718	0.0247	D	C
宜昌木姜子 Litsea ichangensis	樟科 Lauraceae	2,075	15.0823	0.0223	D	U
扇叶槭 Acer flabellatum	无患子科 Sapindaceae	1,700	13.4471	0.0211	D	U
藏刺榛 Corylus ferox var. thibetica	桦木科 Betulaceae	1,376	12.9734	0.0190	D	U
五角槭 Acer pictum subsp. mono	无患子科 Sapindaceae	1,679	12.9289	0.0190	D	U
老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus	安息香科 Styracaceae	1,208	12.2187	0.0183	D	U
江南花楸 Sorbus hemsleyi	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	805	11.8934	0.0176	D	U

物种名 Species name	所属科 Family name	多度 Abundance	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²/ha)	重要值 Importance value	生活型 Life form	所在林层 Stratum
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata	壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,141	136.1234	0.0749	D	C
五裂槭 Acer oliverianum	无患子科 Sapindaceae	7,556	109.6617	0.0742	D	U
米心水青冈 Fagus engleriana	壳斗科 Fagaceae	2,345	95.9016	0.0663	D	C
红桦 Betula albosinensis	桦木科 Betulaceae	1,670	50.5613	0.0571	D	C
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	樟科 Lauraceae	2,552	50.5005	0.0455	D	U
四蕊槭 Acer stachyophyllum subsp. betulifolium	无患子科 Sapindaceae	3,284	31.8017	0.0310	D	U
荚蒾 Viburnum dilatatum	五福花科 Adoxaceae	3,089	22.9315	0.0277	D	S
水榆花楸 Sorbus alnifolia	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	1,951	19.0111	0.0248	D	C
漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	924	17.2718	0.0247	D	C
宜昌木姜子 Litsea ichangensis	樟科 Lauraceae	2,075	15.0823	0.0223	D	U
扇叶槭 Acer flabellatum	无患子科 Sapindaceae	1,700	13.4471	0.0211	D	U
藏刺榛 Corylus ferox var. thibetica	桦木科 Betulaceae	1,376	12.9734	0.0190	D	U
五角槭 Acer pictum subsp. mono	无患子科 Sapindaceae	1,679	12.9289	0.0190	D	U
老鸹铃 Styrax hemsleyanus	安息香科 Styracaceae	1,208	12.2187	0.0183	D	U
江南花楸 Sorbus hemsleyi	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	805	11.8934	0.0176	D	U

编号 Code	分布类型 Distribution type	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera
1	世界分布 Cosmopolitan	7	1
2	泛热带分布 Pantropic	7	7
3	热带亚洲及热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	7	3
4	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics		1
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	1	1
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1
7	热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	2	2
	热带成分(分布型2-7)小计 Subtotal of tropical (Distribution type 2-7)	19	14
8	北温带分布 North Temperate	14	35
9	东亚及北美间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted	2	11
10	旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate		2
14	东亚分布 East Asia	3	14
15	中国特有 Endemic to China		2
	总计 Total	44	79

编号 Code	分布类型 Distribution type	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera
1	世界分布 Cosmopolitan	7	1
2	泛热带分布 Pantropic	7	7
3	热带亚洲及热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	7	3
4	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics		1
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	1	1
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1
7	热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	2	2
	热带成分(分布型2-7)小计 Subtotal of tropical (Distribution type 2-7)	19	14
8	北温带分布 North Temperate	14	35
9	东亚及北美间断分布 East Asia & North America disjuncted	2	11
10	旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate		2
14	东亚分布 East Asia	3	14
15	中国特有 Endemic to China		2
	总计 Total	44	79

物种 Species	萌枝个体数 No. of sprouting individuals (%)
四蕊槭 Acer stachyophyllum subsp. betulifolium	1,499 (45.65)
米心水青冈 Fagus engleriana	1,283 (54.71)
荚蒾 Viburnum dilatatum	1,063 (32.37)
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba	998 (39.11)
宜昌木姜子 Litsea ichangensis	751 (36.19)
藏刺榛 Corylus ferox var. thibetica	625 (45.42)
五裂槭 Acer oliverianum	603 (7.98)
钝叶木姜子 Litsea veitchiana	575 (39.85)
蜡瓣花 Corylopsis sinensis	356 (76.89)
披针叶胡颓子 Elaeagnus lanceolata	355 (60.14)

湖北神农架中亚热带山地落叶阔叶林25 ha动态监测样地群落物种组成与结构特征

Community composition and structure in a 25 ha mid-subtropical mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Shennongjia, Hubei, China

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