生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 815-823. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015024
李家湘1,2,3, 张旭2, 谢宗强1,*(), 卢从发4, 涂向阳5, 寻院6
收稿日期:
2015-01-25
接受日期:
2015-08-29
出版日期:
2015-11-20
发布日期:
2015-12-02
通讯作者:
谢宗强
基金资助:
Jiaxiang Li1,2,3, Xu Zhang2, Zongqiang Xie1,*(), Congfa Lu4, Xiangyang Tu5, Yuan Xun6
Received:
2015-01-25
Accepted:
2015-08-29
Online:
2015-11-20
Published:
2015-12-02
Contact:
Xie Zongqiang
摘要:
灌丛是陆地生态系统中最重要的自然植被类型之一, 在植被演替、生物多样性保护和维持生态平衡等方面具有重要作用。本文基于2012年的样地资料, 对湖南大围山杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)灌丛的物种组成和群落结构进行了分析。结果表明: 群落内共有维管束植物58种, 隶属于36科50属, 其中木本植物19种, 草本植物39种, 缺乏木质藤本; 区系以温带性质为主, 兼受热带亚热带区系的强烈影响; 群落外貌矮平, 灌木层个体集中在1-2 m高度级; 植被分类上, 该群落归属于山地中生落叶阔叶灌丛, 隶属于温性落叶阔叶灌丛群系组; 生活型以地面芽和高位芽植物为主, 反映了亚热带中山山顶温凉湿润的气候特点; 群落各层次优势种明显, 具有较高的稳定性和均匀性; 高度级和基径级分析表明群落内中等大小个体具有保守的生活史策略, 优势种杜鹃为远期衰退种群。综合分析结果表明, 该杜鹃灌丛尚处于群落演替的中期或前中期, 最终将演替为亚热带中山常绿落叶阔叶混交林或常绿阔叶林。
李家湘, 张旭, 谢宗强, 卢从发, 涂向阳, 寻院 (2015) 湖南大围山杜鹃灌丛的群落组成及结构特征. 生物多样性, 23, 815-823. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015024.
Jiaxiang Li, Xu Zhang, Zongqiang Xie, Congfa Lu, Xiangyang Tu, Yuan Xun (2015) Community composition and structure of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain, Hunan Province. Biodiversity Science, 23, 815-823. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015024.
物种 Species | 株数 No. of individual | 平均基径 Mean BD | 最大基径 Maximum BD (cm) | 均高 Mean H (m) | 最大高 Maximum H (m) | 基面积 Basic area (m2/ha) | 相对密度RD (%) | 相对显著度RM (%) | 重要值 IV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii | 5,689 | 1.59 | 8.37 | 1.45 | 4.20 | 19.44 | 87.54 | 84.28 | 63.66 |
湖南白檀 Symplocos hunanensis | 455 | 1.65 | 9.82 | 1.34 | 4.89 | 2.57 | 7.00 | 11.13 | 12.43 |
四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis | 98 | 0.96 | 4.21 | 0.99 | 2.77 | 0.14 | 1.51 | 0.61 | 5.20 |
渐尖叶日本绣线菊 Spiraea japonica var. acuminata | 105 | 0.84 | 2.47 | 1.27 | 2.12 | 0.10 | 1.62 | 0.41 | 5.17 |
圆锥绣球 Hydrangea paniculata | 25 | 2.70 | 7.42 | 1.66 | 2.91 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 1.42 | 2.73 |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 29 | 1.10 | 3.23 | 1.00 | 2.42 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.24 | 2.36 |
波叶红果树 Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata | 16 | 1.04 | 2.38 | 1.07 | 1.93 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 1.54 |
尾叶樱桃 Cerasus dielsiana | 8 | 2.45 | 6.41 | 2.00 | 5.12 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 1.10 |
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae | 10 | 3.48 | 5.90 | 1.78 | 2.43 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.76 | 1.01 |
直角荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum | 37 | 0.77 | 4.36 | 1.06 | 1.78 | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.19 | 0.96 |
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica | 14 | 1.63 | 3.24 | 1.53 | 2.25 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.85 |
四照花 Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis | 3 | 1.34 | 1.98 | 1.64 | 2.51 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.74 |
中国绣球 Hydrangea chinensis | 3 | 2.05 | 3.73 | 1.54 | 2.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.52 |
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri | 2 | 2.14 | 2.40 | 1.82 | 1.92 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.50 |
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens | 1 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.25 |
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba | 1 | 2.07 | 2.07 | 2.82 | 2.82 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri | 1 | 2.04 | 2.04 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
小叶栎 Quercus chenii | 1 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 2.12 | 2.12 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.24 |
长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata | 1 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 1.76 | 1.76 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.24 |
合计 Total | 6,499 | 1.57 | 9.82 | 1.43 | 5.12 | 23.06 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
表1 大围山杜鹃灌丛灌木层物种组成
Table 1 Species composition in the shrub layer of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain
物种 Species | 株数 No. of individual | 平均基径 Mean BD | 最大基径 Maximum BD (cm) | 均高 Mean H (m) | 最大高 Maximum H (m) | 基面积 Basic area (m2/ha) | 相对密度RD (%) | 相对显著度RM (%) | 重要值 IV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii | 5,689 | 1.59 | 8.37 | 1.45 | 4.20 | 19.44 | 87.54 | 84.28 | 63.66 |
湖南白檀 Symplocos hunanensis | 455 | 1.65 | 9.82 | 1.34 | 4.89 | 2.57 | 7.00 | 11.13 | 12.43 |
四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis | 98 | 0.96 | 4.21 | 0.99 | 2.77 | 0.14 | 1.51 | 0.61 | 5.20 |
渐尖叶日本绣线菊 Spiraea japonica var. acuminata | 105 | 0.84 | 2.47 | 1.27 | 2.12 | 0.10 | 1.62 | 0.41 | 5.17 |
圆锥绣球 Hydrangea paniculata | 25 | 2.70 | 7.42 | 1.66 | 2.91 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 1.42 | 2.73 |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 29 | 1.10 | 3.23 | 1.00 | 2.42 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.24 | 2.36 |
波叶红果树 Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata | 16 | 1.04 | 2.38 | 1.07 | 1.93 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 1.54 |
尾叶樱桃 Cerasus dielsiana | 8 | 2.45 | 6.41 | 2.00 | 5.12 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 1.10 |
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae | 10 | 3.48 | 5.90 | 1.78 | 2.43 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.76 | 1.01 |
直角荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum | 37 | 0.77 | 4.36 | 1.06 | 1.78 | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.19 | 0.96 |
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica | 14 | 1.63 | 3.24 | 1.53 | 2.25 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.85 |
四照花 Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis | 3 | 1.34 | 1.98 | 1.64 | 2.51 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.74 |
中国绣球 Hydrangea chinensis | 3 | 2.05 | 3.73 | 1.54 | 2.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.52 |
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri | 2 | 2.14 | 2.40 | 1.82 | 1.92 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.50 |
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens | 1 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.25 |
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba | 1 | 2.07 | 2.07 | 2.82 | 2.82 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri | 1 | 2.04 | 2.04 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
小叶栎 Quercus chenii | 1 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 2.12 | 2.12 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.24 |
长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata | 1 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 1.76 | 1.76 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.24 |
合计 Total | 6,499 | 1.57 | 9.82 | 1.43 | 5.12 | 23.06 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
物种 Species | 平均高 Mean hight (m) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 密度 Density (individual/m2) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 重要值 (%) IV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
短尖薹草 Carex brevicuspis | 0.19 | 32.27 | 18.11 | 44.44 | 18.86 |
香港双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum nienkui | 0.08 | 6.60 | 12.41 | 92.59 | 13.55 |
芒 Miscanthus sinensis | 0.74 | 28.46 | 2.89 | 62.96 | 12.00 |
十字苔草 Carex cruciata | 0.12 | 22.75 | 6.11 | 48.15 | 10.23 |
野青茅 Deyeuxia arundinacea var. arundinacea | 0.42 | 12.44 | 4.11 | 62.96 | 9.43 |
扬子小连翘 Hypericum faberi | 0.27 | 3.83 | 3.04 | 48.15 | 4.63 |
华东山芹 Ostericum huadongense | 0.52 | 5.22 | 1.30 | 55.56 | 4.34 |
翠云草 Selaginella uncinata | 0.10 | 4.83 | 3.74 | 29.63 | 4.18 |
九华蒲儿根 Sinosenecio jiuhuashanicus | 0.25 | 9.69 | 2.89 | 22.22 | 3.57 |
异叶茴芹 Pimpinella diversifolia | 0.22 | 12.42 | 1.63 | 18.52 | 2.77 |
珍珠菜 Lysimachia clethroides | 0.40 | 2.80 | 0.59 | 29.63 | 2.01 |
五岭龙胆 Gentiana davidii | 0.11 | 1.58 | 0.44 | 25.93 | 1.60 |
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum | 0.43 | 3.44 | 0.22 | 22.22 | 1.52 |
紫萼 Hosta ventricosa | 0.23 | 2.13 | 0.37 | 18.52 | 1.22 |
金星蕨 Parathelypteris glanduligera | 0.15 | 4.00 | 0.59 | 11.11 | 1.04 |
其他24种 Other 24 species | 0.26 | 1.82 | 2.80 | 9.05 | |
合计39种 Total 39 species | 0.27 | 40.00 | 100.00 |
表2 大围山杜鹃灌丛草本层物种重要值
Table 2 Importance values (IV) of species in herb layer of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain
物种 Species | 平均高 Mean hight (m) | 盖度 Coverage (%) | 密度 Density (individual/m2) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 重要值 (%) IV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
短尖薹草 Carex brevicuspis | 0.19 | 32.27 | 18.11 | 44.44 | 18.86 |
香港双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum nienkui | 0.08 | 6.60 | 12.41 | 92.59 | 13.55 |
芒 Miscanthus sinensis | 0.74 | 28.46 | 2.89 | 62.96 | 12.00 |
十字苔草 Carex cruciata | 0.12 | 22.75 | 6.11 | 48.15 | 10.23 |
野青茅 Deyeuxia arundinacea var. arundinacea | 0.42 | 12.44 | 4.11 | 62.96 | 9.43 |
扬子小连翘 Hypericum faberi | 0.27 | 3.83 | 3.04 | 48.15 | 4.63 |
华东山芹 Ostericum huadongense | 0.52 | 5.22 | 1.30 | 55.56 | 4.34 |
翠云草 Selaginella uncinata | 0.10 | 4.83 | 3.74 | 29.63 | 4.18 |
九华蒲儿根 Sinosenecio jiuhuashanicus | 0.25 | 9.69 | 2.89 | 22.22 | 3.57 |
异叶茴芹 Pimpinella diversifolia | 0.22 | 12.42 | 1.63 | 18.52 | 2.77 |
珍珠菜 Lysimachia clethroides | 0.40 | 2.80 | 0.59 | 29.63 | 2.01 |
五岭龙胆 Gentiana davidii | 0.11 | 1.58 | 0.44 | 25.93 | 1.60 |
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum | 0.43 | 3.44 | 0.22 | 22.22 | 1.52 |
紫萼 Hosta ventricosa | 0.23 | 2.13 | 0.37 | 18.52 | 1.22 |
金星蕨 Parathelypteris glanduligera | 0.15 | 4.00 | 0.59 | 11.11 | 1.04 |
其他24种 Other 24 species | 0.26 | 1.82 | 2.80 | 9.05 | |
合计39种 Total 39 species | 0.27 | 40.00 | 100.00 |
分布区类型Areal-type | 属数 No. of genera | 比例 % |
---|---|---|
1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 5 | - |
2 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 7 | 18.42 |
3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjointed | 1 | 2.63 |
4 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic | 1 | 2.63 |
7 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia | 3 | 7.89 |
8 北温带分布 North Temperate | 14 | 36.84 |
9 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia and North America disjointed | 4 | 10.53 |
10 旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate | 2 | 5.26 |
11 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia | 1 | 2.63 |
14 东亚分布 East Asia | 5 | 13.16 |
合计 Total | 43 | 100.00 |
表3 大围山杜鹃灌丛种子植物属的分布区类型
Table 3 The areal-types of genera of seed plants in Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain
分布区类型Areal-type | 属数 No. of genera | 比例 % |
---|---|---|
1 世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 5 | - |
2 泛热带分布 Pantropic | 7 | 18.42 |
3 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjointed | 1 | 2.63 |
4 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic | 1 | 2.63 |
7 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia | 3 | 7.89 |
8 北温带分布 North Temperate | 14 | 36.84 |
9 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia and North America disjointed | 4 | 10.53 |
10 旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate | 2 | 5.26 |
11 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia | 1 | 2.63 |
14 东亚分布 East Asia | 5 | 13.16 |
合计 Total | 43 | 100.00 |
图2 大围山杜鹃灌丛物种基径级结构。横坐标上的数字分别代表10个基径级: < 1 cm, 1-2 cm, 2-3 cm, 3-4 cm, 4-5 cm, 5-6 cm, 6-7 cm, 7-8 cm, 8-9 cm, > 9 cm。
Fig. 2 Basal diameter (BD) size-class distribution of all species and dominant species in Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain. The digitals under the x-coordinates represent the ten classes of basal diameter, respectively: < 1 cm, 1-2 cm, 2-3 cm, 3-4 cm, 4-5 cm, 5-6 cm, 6-7 cm, 7-8 cm, 8-9 cm, > 9 cm.
图3 大围山杜鹃灌丛物种高度结构。横坐标上的数字分别代表6个高度级: < 0.5 m, 0.5-1.0 m, 1.0-1.5 m, 1.5-2.0 m, 2.0-2.5 m, > 2.5 m。
Fig. 3 The height structure of all species and dominant species in Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the Dawei Mountain. The digitals under the x-coordinates represent the six height classes, respectively: < 0.5 m, 0.5-1.0 m, 1.0-1.5 m, 1.5-2.0 m, 2.0-2.5 m, > 2.5 m.
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