物种受威胁状况评估: 研究进展与中国的案例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11145

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 612-622. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11145

所属专题：创刊20周年纪念专刊

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物种受威胁状况评估: 研究进展与中国的案例

蒋志刚¹^,^*(), 罗振华¹^,²

1 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
2 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2012-07-17 接受日期:2012-08-13 出版日期:2012-09-20 发布日期:2012-09-07
通讯作者: 蒋志刚
作者简介:*E-mail: jiangzg@ioz.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家环保部项目 “中国陆生脊椎动物受威胁状况评估”;“中国西南喀斯特地区野生动物资源重点调查”;“濒危动物评估标准及红色名录编制”;中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KSCX2-EW-Z-4)

Assessing species endangerment status: progress in research and an example from China

Zhigang Jiang¹^,^*(), Zhenhua Luo¹^,²

1 Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2012-07-17 Accepted:2012-08-13 Online:2012-09-20 Published:2012-09-07
Contact: Zhigang Jiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

评估物种濒危等级, 确定物种保护优先序, 是生物多样性保护的一项重要工作。通过不断的修订, IUCN红色名录濒危等级标准已经趋于完善。但是, 目前人们还在探索在无法获得物种的种群数量、生境、生活史数据时, 如何寻找替代指标评估物种濒危等级。我们综述了国内外物种濒危状况研究的进展, 提出了结合物种分布区、生活史、生态功能、人为干扰和特殊利用价值的评估物种受威胁状况的方法, 并以此方法评估了中国陆生脊椎动物的生存状况。结果表明, 列入灭绝级的物种有5个, 功能性灭绝级的物种有30个, 濒危级的物种有343个, 受胁级的物种有459个, 关注级的物种有439个, 无危级的物种有1,032个。

关键词: 物种濒危等级标准, 灭绝, 濒危物种, 受威胁物种, 哺乳类, 鸟类, 爬行类, 两栖类

Abstract

It is an important task in biodiversity conservation to assess species endangerment status and determine protection priorities. Although IUCN Redlist Criteria are improving through periodical revision, people are still developing different criteria because information about population census, habitat status and life history of a given species are often lacking. We reviewed the progress of assessing species endangerment status, both internationally and domestically, and propose that future designations combine distribution area, life history, ecological function, anthropogenic interference and special use data to more accurately assess endangerment status. As an example, we assessed the status of terrestrial vertebrates in China using this method. Our results showed that five species were listed in the category of extinct, 30 species were extinct, 343 species were endangered, 459 species were threatened, 439 species were concerned, and 1,032 species were least concerned.

Key words: Criteria for assessing species endangerment status, extinction, endangered species, threatened species, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians

蒋志刚, 罗振华 (2012) 物种受威胁状况评估: 研究进展与中国的案例. 生物多样性, 20, 612-622. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11145.

Zhigang Jiang, Zhenhua Luo (2012) Assessing species endangerment status: progress in research and an example from China. Biodiversity Science, 20, 612-622. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11145.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.11145

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I5/612

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标准等级 Standard	分布面积 Distribution area	种群数量 Population size	种群下降速率 Rate of population decline	种群隔离程度 Degree of population isolation	预计种群下降速率 Rate of population decline foreseen	生境下降速率 Rate of habitat loss	r 对策的经济指标 The economic index for r-strategist
灭绝级 Ex Extinct, Ex	至少50年野外已无该物种分布记录 At least there is no record of individuals of the species in the field for 50 years
功能性灭绝级 FE Functional extinct, FE	在近期多次野外考察中未发现个体, 野外可能仍存在少数个体, 但其在生态系统的功能已经丧失。 No individual was discovered in recent field surveys. Some individuals may still live in field, but the ecological function of the species in ecosystem is lost
濒危级 En Endangered, En	两栖爬行类<100 km²; 鸟类兽类<10,000 km²(或小于10个县) For amphibians & reptiles <100 km², for birds & mammals<10,000 km²(or less in 10 counties)	<1,000	50年内下降90% Declined 90% in 50 years	仅余少数完全隔离的种群 Only several completely isolated populations left	3年中75% 75% in 3 years	50年中90% 90% in 50 years	经济灭绝* Economic extinct*
受胁级 T Threatened, T	两栖爬行类<1,000 km²; 鸟类兽类<30,000 km²(或小于30个县) For amphibians & reptiles <1,000 km²; for birds & mammals <30,000 km²(or less than 30 counties)	<2,500	50年内下降75% 75% in 50 years	种群存在不完全隔离; Incompletely isolation of populations	50年中75% 75% in 5 years	50年中75% 75% in 5 years	猎捕量上升、价格上升且主要种群下降、分布萎缩 Harvest increases, price increases and decline of major populations, shrinking of distribution
关注级 C Concern, C	两栖爬行类<10,000 km²; 鸟类兽类: <100,000 km²(或小于50个县) For amphibians & reptiles <10,000 km²; birds & mammals <100,000 km²(or less than 50 counties)	<5,000	50年内下降50% 50% in 50 years	部分种群存在不完全隔离 Incompletely isolation of some populations	50年中50% 50% in 50 years	100年中25% 25% in 100 years	需求量上升 Increase of demand
无危级 Lc Least concern	尚未达到关注级的标准 Not qualified for the criterion of Concern C
数据缺乏 DD Data deficit	数据缺乏不宜进行评估 Not suitable for assessment due to lack of data

标准等级 Standard	分布面积 Distribution area	种群数量 Population size	种群下降速率 Rate of population decline	种群隔离程度 Degree of population isolation	预计种群下降速率 Rate of population decline foreseen	生境下降速率 Rate of habitat loss	r 对策的经济指标 The economic index for r-strategist
灭绝级 Ex Extinct, Ex	至少50年野外已无该物种分布记录 At least there is no record of individuals of the species in the field for 50 years
功能性灭绝级 FE Functional extinct, FE	在近期多次野外考察中未发现个体, 野外可能仍存在少数个体, 但其在生态系统的功能已经丧失。 No individual was discovered in recent field surveys. Some individuals may still live in field, but the ecological function of the species in ecosystem is lost
濒危级 En Endangered, En	两栖爬行类<100 km²; 鸟类兽类<10,000 km²(或小于10个县) For amphibians & reptiles <100 km², for birds & mammals<10,000 km²(or less in 10 counties)	<1,000	50年内下降90% Declined 90% in 50 years	仅余少数完全隔离的种群 Only several completely isolated populations left	3年中75% 75% in 3 years	50年中90% 90% in 50 years	经济灭绝* Economic extinct*
受胁级 T Threatened, T	两栖爬行类<1,000 km²; 鸟类兽类<30,000 km²(或小于30个县) For amphibians & reptiles <1,000 km²; for birds & mammals <30,000 km²(or less than 30 counties)	<2,500	50年内下降75% 75% in 50 years	种群存在不完全隔离; Incompletely isolation of populations	50年中75% 75% in 5 years	50年中75% 75% in 5 years	猎捕量上升、价格上升且主要种群下降、分布萎缩 Harvest increases, price increases and decline of major populations, shrinking of distribution
关注级 C Concern, C	两栖爬行类<10,000 km²; 鸟类兽类: <100,000 km²(或小于50个县) For amphibians & reptiles <10,000 km²; birds & mammals <100,000 km²(or less than 50 counties)	<5,000	50年内下降50% 50% in 50 years	部分种群存在不完全隔离 Incompletely isolation of some populations	50年中50% 50% in 50 years	100年中25% 25% in 100 years	需求量上升 Increase of demand
无危级 Lc Least concern	尚未达到关注级的标准 Not qualified for the criterion of Concern C
数据缺乏 DD Data deficit	数据缺乏不宜进行评估 Not suitable for assessment due to lack of data

物种受威胁状况评估: 研究进展与中国的案例

Assessing species endangerment status: progress in research and an example from China

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