生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24145.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024145  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024145

• 战略生物资源专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

北潦河金家水支流江西大鲵野外种群现状及栖息地评估

易木荣1,2#, 卢萍3#, 彭勇4, 汤勇4, 许久恒4, 尹浩萍1,2, 张路杨5, 翁晓东3, 底明晓3, 雷隽6, 卢宸祺1,2, 曹如君1,2, 戴年华3, 占德洋4, 童媚4, 楼智明4, 丁永刚4, 柴静 1*, 车静 1*   

  1. 1. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传进化与动物模型重点实验室, 昆明 650223; 2. 中国科学院大学昆明生命科学学院, 昆明 650204; 3. 江西省科学院生物资源研究所, 南昌 330096; 4. 江西九岭山国家级自然保护区管理局, 江西宜春 330600; 5. 北京山海录生态科技有限公司, 北京101100; 6. 北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875

  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2024-09-18
  • 通讯作者: 车静

Population status and habitat of critically endangered Jiangxi giant salamander (Andrias jiangxiensis)

Murong Yi1,2#,Ping Lu3#, Yong Peng4, Yong Tang4, Jiuheng Xu4,Haoping Yin1,2, Luyang Zhang5, Xiaodong Weng3, Mingxiao Di3, Juan Lei6, Chenqi Lu1,2, Rujun Cao1,2, Nianhua Dai3, Deyang Zhan4,Mei Tong4, Zhiming Lou4, Yonggang Ding4, Jing Chai1*, Jing Che1*   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China

    2 Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China

    3 Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China

    4 Jiangxi Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve, Yichun, Jiangxi 330600, China

    5 Beijing Mountains & Seas Eco Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 101100, China

    6 MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life

    Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

  • Received:2024-04-15 Revised:2024-07-15 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2024-09-18
  • Contact: Jing Che

摘要: 濒危物种的有效保护依赖于基础调查研究和评估数据, 依此制定相应的保护行动计划。受栖息地破坏和人类过度捕捞影响, 大鲵(Andrias spp.)野外种群稀少, 同时由于基础研究数据缺乏, 濒危程度的评估失去了科学基础。本研究于2021–2023年连续三年在江西靖安县北潦河金家水支流开展江西大鲵(A. jiangxiensis)野外种群的标志重捕调查与监测。累计目击成体、亚成体628尾次, 其中带标记个体543尾次, 至少重捕一次个体230尾次。综合分析结果显示: 经标志重捕Schnabel模型估算, 该种群大小为474尾(95% CI: 427–534), 种群密度为79尾/km (95% CI: 71–89), 1.31尾/100 m2 (95% CI: 1.19–1.48)。种群结构分析显示, 体长大于70 cm或小于30 cm个体的数量极少。同时调查中多次目击到幼鲵、亚成体被天敌或同类残食; 连续三年在9月或10月发现其野外繁殖场, 1–3月累计目击记录新孵化幼鲵738尾次, 4–12月全河段再次目击幼鲵的频率则极低(0.38尾/人·小时)。此外, 栖息地评估提示江西大鲵面临较大的生存威胁: 下游水坝的存在造就了目前物种野外种群呈现隔离状态, 有限的栖息地(3.6 ha)内环境波动剧烈, 春夏丰水季洪水泛滥、驳岸塌方, 秋冬枯水季河道干涸频发断流。综上, 本研究建议将江西大鲵的濒危等级评估为极危(CR), 野外种群列为国家一级保护动物, 亟待实施相应保护措施。

关键词: 濒危物种保护, 野外调查, 种群大小, 致危因素, 保护计划

Abstract

Aims: In order to support conservation efforts for the endangered Jiangxi giant salamander, we conducted a comprehensive long-term field monitoring project to assess population dynamics, species distribution, and potential threats to the species. The findings from this study will serve as crucial guidance for the development and implementation of conservation initiatives for this endangered species.

Methods: In this study we established long-term monitoring of both population ecology and habitat of the wild population of the Jiangxi giant salamander (Andrias jiangxiensis) in the Jinjia tributary of the Beiliao River between 2021 to 2023. The population status was evaluated using the mark-and-recapture method which allowed us to gather essential data on population characteristics, life history, habitat condition.

Results: A total of 628 adult and juvenile Jiangxi giant salamanders were successfully captured. Among them, 543 were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and 230 were recaptured at least once. Using the Schnabel model for estimating population size from mark-and-recapture, the population size was estimated to be 474 individuals (95% CI: 427–534). The calculated population density was 79 individuals/km (95% CI: 71–89) or 1.31 individuals/100 m2 (95% CI: 1.19–1.48). An analysis of population structure indicated that few individuals had a body size smaller than 30 cm or larger than 70 cm. During the three consecutive years of 2021 to 2023, a total of 738 larvae were observed between January and March, a time of the year when the newly hatched larvae swim out of their breeding cave and begin to forage. In contrast, only 12 larvae were seen across the whole habitat range between April and December, with an extremely low catch per unit effort (CPUE) (0.38 individuals/person·hour). Our observations indicate that larvae of the Jiangxi giant salamander face challenges from both predators and environmental factors, leading to a low survival rate in their natural habitat. Habitat assessments have revealed significant threats to the isolated population of this species, including environmental fluctuations such as floods and perturbations of water flow, which pose a risk to their survival.

Conclusion: This study recommends the evaluation of the Jiangxi giant salamander as Critically Endangered (CR) and a National Class I Protected species. Consequently, we urge the implementation of specific conservation actions.

Key words: endangered species conservation, field survey, population size, population status, assessment