城市化对鸟类群落组成及功能特征的影响——以京津冀地区为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2023473

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 23473. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023473 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023473

城市化对鸟类群落组成及功能特征的影响——以京津冀地区为例

段菲¹(), 刘鸣章²(), 卜红亮²(), 俞乐³(), 李晟²^,^*()()

1.国家自然博物馆, 北京 100050
2.北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871
3.清华大学地球系统科学系, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2023-12-16 接受日期:2024-05-14 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-06-21
通讯作者: *E-mail: shengli@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然博物馆整体提升研究型博物馆建设项目和科技部重点研发项目(2022YFF0802300)

Effects of urbanization on bird community composition and functional traits: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Fei Duan¹(), Mingzhang Liu²(), Hongliang Bu²(), Le Yu³(), Sheng Li²^,^*()()

1 National Natural History Museum of China, Beijing 100050, China
2 School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3 Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2023-12-16 Accepted:2024-05-14 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-06-21
Contact: *E-mail: shengli@pku.edu.cn
Supported by:
Comprehensive Enhancement Research Museum Construction Project of National Natural History Museum of China and National Key Program of Research and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFF0802300)

1. 附录.pdf(716KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

京津冀地区是中国经济发展的核心地区之一, 快速发展的城市化进程对生物多样性的作用与影响广受关注。鸟类是城市及市郊环境中分布最为广泛的野生动物类群之一, 对环境变化敏感, 是城市生物多样性的重要指示类群。本研究以京津冀地区鸟类为研究对象, 以“城市-乡村-郊野”分类体系图层为基础, 探究京津冀地区不同景观分区中鸟类多样性及其功能特征的差异。研究收集汇总来源于中国观鸟记录中心、GBIF数据库、ebird数据库等2000-2019年的鸟类实地观测数据58,620条, 筛选获得繁殖季(6-8月)和越冬季(12月至翌年2月)共计17,978条鸟类观测有效记录, 使用非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)、多元核密度估计(multivariate kernel density estimation)等方法, 分析不同分区内鸟类群落的物种组成与功能特征差异。研究结果显示, 京津冀地区2000-2019年共记录到鸟类482种, 分属于23目77科。经数据筛选后, 用于分析的总物种数为280种。其中, 乡村地区记录到的鸟类物种数最多(258种), 分属于20目64科, 占本研究京津冀地区记录鸟种总数的92.1%; 其次为城市(251种)和郊野地区(228种)。有70.7% (198种)的鸟种在3个分区中均有记录。就单个位点上鸟类局地群落的物种丰富度来看, 乡村和郊野地区均显著高于城市, 而乡村和郊野之间差异不显著。从物种组成来看, 城市、乡村和郊野3类分区的鸟类物种间存在较大重叠。不同分区下的鸟类功能特征分析结果显示: (1)城市和乡村局地群落内的鸟类体重均值显著高于郊野, 而城市和乡村之间无显著差异; (2)各分区之间鸟类的窝卵数没有明显区别; (3)城市中的鸟类多为广布种, 而郊野中的鸟类多为狭域种; (4)城市、乡村和郊野中鸟类物种整体上具有相似的食性特征。本研究揭示了生态良好、生境丰富的城市及周边环境能成为鸟类多样性的适宜载体, 城市化进程中伴随着鸟类对人类城乡景观的适应。对此, 我们建议持续探索高密度人口及高强度土地利用下的有效保护方式, 维持京津冀地区城市绿地公园、水域及湿地、乡村耕地等多类型野生动物栖息地的资源可用性。

关键词: 城市化, 城市-乡村-郊野梯度, 功能特征, 公民科学, 京津冀地区, 鸟类多样性

Abstract

Aims: The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, being at the forefront of China’s economic development, is undergoing rapid urbanization, posing potential effects on biodiversity. Birds, prevalent in urban and suburban landscapes, possess a sensitivity to environmental shifts and are crucial indicators of urban biodiversity. This research focuses on the avifauna of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, delving into differences in bird community structure and functional traits among urban, rural, and wild habitats.

Methods: A dataset of 58,620 observation records spanning 2000 to 2019 was compiled from China Bird Report, GBIF, ebird, and other databases. After excluding records outside the breeding and wintering seasons, 17,978 valid observations were retained for analysis. We employed non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), principal component analysis (PCA), multivariate kernel density estimation, and other analyses to examine the differences in species composition and functional traits across the three landscape zones.

Results: Initial records documented 482 bird species in the region, representing 23 orders and 77 families. Following data screening, rural areas exhibited the highest species diversity (258 species) compared to the urban and wild zones. These species, spanning 20 orders and 64 families, accounted for 92.1% of the total number of species richness in the region. Urban and wild zones harbored 251 and 228 species, respectively, with 198 species (70.7%) shared among all zones. Species richness per sampling location was significantly greater in rural and wild areas compared to urban zones, with comparable levels between rural and wild habitats. Notable species composition overlaps were observed among the three habitat types. Functional traits analysis revealed that birds in urban and rural areas had higher mean body mass than those in wild areas, with no significant difference between urban and rural zones. Clutch size exhibited no significant variation among the zones. Urban habitats supported wide-ranging species, while wild areas hosted primarily narrow-ranging species. Despite these distinctions, dietary composition showed similarity across urban, rural, and wild landscapes.

Conclusions: Our investigation underscores the capacity of well-designed urban and suburban ecologies to sustain diverse avian populations. Noteworthy is the adaptability of birds to both urban and rural terrains amid the ongoing urbanization trend. Against this backdrop, we advocate for further research into conservation strategies tailored for regions with dense human populations and intensive land utilization. Future research endeavors should focus on safeguarding crucial resources within urban green spaces, water bodies, wetlands, rural agricultural lands, and paddy fields across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Key words: urbanization, urban-rural-wild gradient, functional traits, citizen science, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, bird diversity

段菲, 刘鸣章, 卜红亮, 俞乐, 李晟 (2024) 城市化对鸟类群落组成及功能特征的影响——以京津冀地区为例. 生物多样性, 32, 23473. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023473.

Fei Duan, Mingzhang Liu, Hongliang Bu, Le Yu, Sheng Li (2024) Effects of urbanization on bird community composition and functional traits: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23473. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023473.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023473

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I8/23473

图/表 7

图1 京津冀地区2000-2019年鸟类观测记录位点

Fig. 1 The sites of bird observation records in the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei region between 2000 and 2019

表1 京津冀地区2000-2019年3个景观分区繁殖季和越冬季的有效鸟类物种记录

Table 1 Valid bird species records during the breeding and wintering seasons in the three landscape zones of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region between 2000 and 2019

分区 Zones	有效记录条目数 No. of valid records	位点数 No. of sites	目 Order	科 Family	种 Species	受威胁物种数 No. of threatened species	重采样99次 Resampling 99 times
分区 Zones	有效记录条目数 No. of valid records	位点数 No. of sites	目 Order	科 Family	种 Species	受威胁物种数 No. of threatened species	中位数 Median	四分位距 Interquartile range
城市 Urban	7,427	1,422	20	63	251	13	215	9
乡村 Rural	6,309	776	20	64	258	14	247	4
郊野 Wild	4,242	491	19	56	228	9	-	-
合计 Total	17,978	2,689	20	64	280	16	-	-

图2 京津冀地区2000-2019年观测位点繁殖季和越冬季记录鸟类物种数情况。(a) 3类景观分区中物种累积曲线; (b)单个位点记录到的物种数。ns: P > 0.05; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Bird species recorded at observation sites during the breeding and wintering seasons in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region between 2000 and 2019. (a) Species accumulation curves in the three landscape zones; (b) Number of species recorded at each site. ns, P > 0.05; ***P < 0.001.

图3 京津冀地区3类景观分区的鸟类物种组成情况。(a)不同分区鸟种数韦恩图, 数字表示物种数; (b)不同地区非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)排序图。

Fig. 3 Bird species composition in the three landscape zones of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. (a) Venn diagram of bird species in different regions. Number indicates the number of species; (b) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) for different zones.

图4 京津冀地区2000-2019年3类景观分区中繁殖季和越冬季物种记录位点数占比排名前10鸟种

Fig. 4 The top ten bird species by the proportion of sites recorded during the breeding and wintering seasons in the three landscape zones of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

图5 京津冀地区3类景观分区间鸟类局地群落的性状分布情况。箭头表示用于分析的3个连续功能性状向量的方向和权重。颜色梯度表示物种出现的相对概率。用等值线表示出现概率为0.90分位数。

Fig. 5 Distribution of traits at each local community in the three landscape zones of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Solid arrows indicate directions and weighs of vectors representing the three continuous traits analyzed. The color gradient represents the relative probability of sites occurrence. Quantiles of 0.90 in the occurrence probability are represented by contour lines.

图6 京津冀地区3类景观分区间鸟类局地群落的性状比较。ns: P > 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Comparison of traits of bird local communities among the three landscape zones of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. ns, P > 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

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城市化对鸟类群落组成及功能特征的影响——以京津冀地区为例

Effects of urbanization on bird community composition and functional traits: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

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