昆仑山(青海片区)鸟类群落多样性格局及其驱动因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2023406

生物多样性

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

昆仑山(青海片区)鸟类群落多样性格局及其驱动因素

李斌^1,2,3, 宋鹏飞^1,2,3, 顾海峰^1,3, 徐波^1,2,3, 刘道鑫⁴, 江峰^1,3, 梁程博^1,2,3, 张萌^1,2,3, 高红梅^1,3, 蔡振媛^1,3*, 张同作^1,3*

1 (中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810001)

2 (中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)

3 (青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室, 西宁 810001)

4 (青海大学, 西宁 810001)

收稿日期:2023-10-24 修回日期:2024-01-21 出版日期:2024-04-17 发布日期:2024-04-17
通讯作者: 张同作

Bird community diversity patterns and drivers in the Qinghai region of Kunlun Mountains

Bin Li^1,2,3, Pengfei Song^1,2,3, Haifeng Gu^1,3, Bo Xu^1,2,3, Daoxin Liu⁴, Feng Jiang^1,3, Chengbo Liang^1,2,3, Meng Zhang^1,2,3, Hongmei Gao^1,3, Zhenyuan Cai^1,3*, Tongzuo Zhang^1,3*

1 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001

2 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

3 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001

4 Qinghai University, Xining 810001

Received:2023-10-24 Revised:2024-01-21 Online:2024-04-17 Published:2024-04-17
Contact: Tongzuo Zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 昆仑山脉独特的地理位置和气候条件孕育了诸多适应高海拔、寒旱气候的特有鸟类物种。为揭示昆仑山(青海片区)内鸟类群落在不同季节和海拔梯度的多样性分布格局及环境驱动因素, 我们于2021年12月(冬季)和2022年7月(夏季)在当地选取102个样方, 通过样线法对鸟类多样性进行了本底调查。并选取了不同的气候和人为干扰因子拟合多样性指数与因子之间非线性关系。结果表明: (1)昆仑山(青海片区)野外调查过程中共记录到鸟类14目31科59属87种, 其中国家重点保护野生鸟类16种, 新分布鸟类8种; (2)鸟类群落多样性分布格局分析结果显示, 夏季多样性显著高于冬季, 草甸和草原生境的鸟类群落多样性显著高于其他生境, 冬夏季鸟类群落多样性指数与海拔梯度变化趋势均呈单峰型; (3)环境因素驱动鸟类多样性指数呈现季节性差异, 最冷季节降水量对夏季物种丰富度指数影响最大, 冬季为年降水量; 此外, 等温性和温度季节性对冬夏季Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数影响最大。本研究揭示了水资源和稳定的气候对昆仑山(青海片区)鸟类群落多样性的重要性, 为昆仑山(青海片区)鸟类资源保护与管理以及未来国家公园的规划建设提供了数据支持。

关键词: 关键词: 昆仑山, 鸟类群落多样性, 海拔梯度

Abstract

Aim: Kunlun Mountains is a crucial part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau that presents a challenging environment for wildlife surveys and community research due to its high-altitude, cold, and hypoxic environment. This study aims to reveal patterns of avian community diversity across different regions, and their drivers.

Methods: Surveys were conducted on wild birds within the Qinghai region of the Kunlun Mountains between December 2021 and July 2022 using the Spline method. A total of 102 grids, each measuring 10 km × 10 km, with different altitudinal gradients and habitat types were investigated. Bird community diversity across different regions was calculated using R software. Subsequently, environmental variables were extracted using ArcGIS software, and a generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to fit the potential non-linear relationships between diversity indices and various variables.

Result: A total of 87 bird species representing 14 orders, 31 families, and 59 genera were recorded. Among these, 16 species were classified as State Key Protected Species and 8 species were identified as local new distributions. The analysis of distribution patterns demonstrated higher avian community diversity during summer compared to winter, with grassland and meadow habitats showing significantly greater diversity than other habitats. Furthermore, bird community diversity during both winter and summer exhibited similar patterns along the altitudinal gradient. Climate variables revealed seasonal differences in bird diversity, with precipitation during the coldest season significantly impacting richness during summer and annual precipitation during winter. Additionally, isothermality and temperature seasonality had the most substantial impact on the Shannon and Simpson indices in both winter and summer seasons. These findings underscored the significance of water resources and stable climatic conditions on bird community diversity in the Kunlun Mountains’ Qinghai region.

Conclusion: This study provides a scientific foundation for the conservation of the bird resources in the Kunlun Mountains, and offers crucial data for the planning and establishment of national parks in future.

Key words: Key words: Kunlun Mountains, bird community diversity, altitude gradient

李斌, 宋鹏飞, 顾海峰, 徐波, 刘道鑫, 江峰, 梁程博, 张萌, 高红梅, 蔡振媛, 张同作. 昆仑山(青海片区)鸟类群落多样性格局及其驱动因素. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023406.

Bin Li, Pengfei Song, Haifeng Gu, Bo Xu, DaoXin Liu, Feng Jiang, Chengbo Liang, Meng Zhang, Hongmei Gao, Zhenyuan Cai, Tongzuo Zhang. Bird community diversity patterns and drivers in the Qinghai region of Kunlun Mountains . Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023406.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023406

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昆仑山(青海片区)鸟类群落多样性格局及其驱动因素

Bird community diversity patterns and drivers in the Qinghai region of Kunlun Mountains

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