基于被动声学监测技术的城市绿地景观格局与鸟类多样性关联分析

doi:10.17520/biods.2024296

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 24296. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024296 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024296

基于被动声学监测技术的城市绿地景观格局与鸟类多样性关联分析

李乐¹(), 张承云²(), 裴男才¹(), 高丙涛¹(), 王娜³(), 李嘉睿¹, 武瑞琛¹, 郝泽周¹^,^*()()

1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所, 广州 510520
2.广州大学电子与通信工程学院, 广州 510006
3.广东省科学院广州地理研究所广东省遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室/广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室, 广州 510070

收稿日期:2024-07-06 接受日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-26
通讯作者: *E-mail: zezhouhao@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资助(CAFYBB2023MA016);国家自然科学基金(32301669)

Correlation analysis of urban green landscape patterns and bird diversity based on passive acoustic monitoring technology

Le Li¹(), Chengyun Zhang²(), Nancai Pei¹(), Bingtao Gao¹(), Na Wang³(), Jiarui Li¹, Ruichen Wu¹, Zezhou Hao¹^,^*()()

1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
2. School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System/Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China

Received:2024-07-06 Accepted:2024-10-10 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-11-26
Contact: *E-mail: zezhouhao@caf.ac.cn
Supported by:
Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2023MA016);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301669)

1. 附录.pdf(327KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化导致的生境破碎化与生境质量下降对生物多样性造成了负面影响。鸟类是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分, 也是生态环境变化的重要指示物种。城市绿地在鸟类多样性保护中起着主导作用, 理解绿地景观特征与鸟类多样性的关系对城市景观可持续管理和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。为了探究不同取食集团鸟类多样性对城市绿地景观格局的响应差异, 本研究基于被动声学监测技术对广州市30个城市公园开展了为期6个月的同步连续监测, 并基于深度学习模型识别物种信息, 采用冗余分析、随机森林回归、分类和回归树模型量化了鸟类物种数量与绿地景观特征之间的关系。结果表明:较高绿地面积比例和较大斑块面积对鸟类物种数量有积极的影响, 而降低生境景观连通性对其有负面影响, 但不同食性的鸟类对景观特征的响应存在差异。杂食鸟类更加适应破碎化的环境, 食肉鸟对生境连通性高度敏感, 食虫鸟则依赖绿地平均斑块面积。此外, 夜间人造灯光与鸟类物种数量呈负相关关系, 食虫鸟对其的响应更加敏感。鸟类物种数量与绿地景观特征之间呈非线性关系, 具有不同的响应过程和阈值。当2 km圆形缓冲区内绿地平均斑块面积高于0.01-0.02 ha或孤岛面积比例低于0.92%-10.40%时, 有助于增加专一食性鸟类物种数量。为提升城市鸟类整体多样性, 建议减少人造灯光对鸟类的负面影响, 并在景观管理中保护和恢复以本地物种为主的残存栖息地、建立廊道和补充性新栖息地、增强生境连通性。

关键词: 被动声学监测, 鸟类多样性, 取食集团, 城市绿地, 景观连通性

Abstract

Aim: Urbanization-induced habitat fragmentation and habitat quality degradation have negatively impacts on biodiversity. Birds, as essential components of global biodiversity, act as critical indicators of ecological changes. Urban green spaces play a pivotal role in bird diversity conservation. Understanding the relationship between green space landscape characteristics and bird diversity is vital for sustainable urban landscape management and biodiversity conservation. This study aims to explore the response of bird diversity to urban green landscape pattern in different feeding guilds.

Methods: The synchronous continuous recordings were conducted by passive acoustic monitoring technology at 30 urban parks across Guangzhou for 6 months. Deep learning models were used to identify species information. Redundancy analysis, random forest regression, and classification and regression tree models were used to quantify the relationship between bird species and green space landscape characteristics.

Results: The analysis showed that higher green space ratios and patch areas positively affected bird species richness, while reduced habitat connectivity negatively affected species numbers. Birds with different feeding habits exhibited varying responses to landscape characteristics. Omnivorous birds were more adaptable to fragmented environment, carnivorous birds were highly sensitive to habitat connectivity, and insectivorous birds relied on larger green space patches. In addition, bird species richness showed a negative correlation with artificial nighttime light, with insectivorous birds being most sensitive to this disturbance. Nonlinear correlations were observed between bird species richness and green space landscape characteristics, with different response processes and thresholds. For example, exclusive feeding guild species richness increased when the average green space patch area exceeded 0.01-0.02 ha within a 2 km circular buffer zone or when isolated island area proportion were below 0.92%-10.40%.

Conclusion: It is suggested to reduce the negative impact of artificial lighting on birds in order to enhance overall urban bird diversity. It is also necessary to protect and restore residual habitats dominated by native species, establish corridors and new complementary habitats and enhance habitat connectivity in landscape management.

Key words: passive acoustic monitoring, bird diversity, avian feeding guild, urban green space, landscape connectivity

李乐, 张承云, 裴男才, 高丙涛, 王娜, 李嘉睿, 武瑞琛, 郝泽周 (2024) 基于被动声学监测技术的城市绿地景观格局与鸟类多样性关联分析. 生物多样性, 32, 24296. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024296.

Le Li, Chengyun Zhang, Nancai Pei, Bingtao Gao, Na Wang, Jiarui Li, Ruichen Wu, Zezhou Hao (2024) Correlation analysis of urban green landscape patterns and bird diversity based on passive acoustic monitoring technology. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24296. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024296.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024296

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I10/24296

图/表 9

图1 广州市被动声学录音点分布图(a)与土地利用图(b)

Fig. 1 Distribution map of passive acoustic recording sites (a) and land use map (b) in Guangzhou City, China

图2 被动声学监测设备安装示意图

Fig. 2 Installation diagram of passive acoustic monitoring equipment

表1 城市声场景分类模型的训练结果与分类精度

Table 1 Training results and classification accuracy of acoustic scene classification

编号 Code	声场景类型 Acoustic scene	精确率 Precision rate	召回率 Recall rate	F1得分 F1 score
1	鸟类 Brid	0.96	0.95	0.96
2	鸟类-昆虫 Bird-insect	0.98	0.98	0.98
3	鸟类-人工 Bird-human	0.96	0.98	0.98

图3 录音点鸟类物种数量统计图。CH: 从化文化公园; CQ: 传祺公园; CX: 创新公园; DF: 大夫山森林公园; FR: 芙蓉嶂水库; HD: 花都湖湿地公园; HG: 黄阁镇体育公园; HN: 华南农业大学树木园; HS: 黄山鲁旁林地; HZ1: 海珠湿地四号地块; HZ2: 海珠湿地研学空间; LJ: 鹿颈公园; LS: 龙山古树公园; LT: 龙头山森林公园; LZ: 荔枝文化公园; MA: 马鞍山公园; MF: 帽峰山森林公园; NG: 牛牯岭; SL: 石马龙湿地公园; SM: 石门森林公园; TH: 天河公园; TZ: 太子坑森林公园; WQ: 温泉镇林地; XG: 晓港公园; XW: 夏湾拿湿地公园; YC: 盈翠公园; YX: 越秀公园; ZE: 纵二路旁林地; ZJ: 珠江公园; ZX: 中心湖公园。

Fig. 3 Statistical map of bird species numbers at recording sites. CH, Conghua Cultural Park; CQ, Chuanqi Park; CX, Chuangxin Park; DF, Dafu Mountain Forest Park; FR, Furongzhang Reservoir; HD, Huadu Lake Wetland Park; HG, Huangge Town Sports Park; HN, South China Agricultural University Arboretum; HS, Huangshanlu Forest; HZ1, Haizhu Wetland Plot No. 4; HZ2, Haizhu Wetland Research Learning Space; LJ, Lujing Park; LS, Longshan Ancient Tree Park; LT, Longtou Mountain Forest Park; LZ, Lychee Cultural Park; MA, Ma’anshan Park; MF, Maofeng Mountain Forest Park; NG, Niuguling Forest; SL, Shimalong Wetland Park; SM, Shimen Forest Park; TH, Tianhe Park; TZ, Taizikeng Forest Park; WQ, Wenquan Town Forest; XG, Xiaogang Park; XW, Xiawanna Wetland Park; YC, Yingcui Park; YX, Yuexiu Park; ZE, Zongerlu Forest; ZJ, Pearl River Park; ZX, Central Lake Park.

表2 景观特征与鸟类物种数量的冗余分析结果

Table 2 Redundancy analysis results of the relationship between landscape features and bird species numbers

	排序轴 Sorting axis			总解释方差 Total explained variance (%)
	轴I Axis I	轴II Axis II	轴III Axis III	总解释方差 Total explained variance (%)
特征值 Eigenvalues	1.081	0.506	0.199	44.67
特征解释量 Eigenvalues explained (%)	27.05	12.66	4.96
特征累计解释量 Cumulative eigenvalues explained (%)	27.05	39.71	44.67

图4 景观特征和鸟类物种数量的冗余分析(RDA)排序图(红色箭头为目标变量, 蓝色箭头为解释变量)。PLAND-gs: 绿地面积比例; MPS-gs: 绿地平均斑块面积; ENN-gs: 绿地斑块平均邻近距离; PLAND-islet: 孤岛面积比例; PD-gallery: 廊道斑块密度; PD-core: 核心斑块密度; MPS-gallery: 廊道平均斑块面积; ALAN: 人造夜间灯光。

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination plot of landscape features and bird species numbers (Red arrows represent target variables, blue arrows represent explanatory variables). PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; ENN-gs, Mean nearest-neighbor distance of green patches; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; PD-gallery, Patch density of gallery; PD-core, Patch density of core; MPS-gallery, Mean patch size of gallery; ALAN, Artificial night-time light.

图5 随机森林回归(RFR)模型中预测变量对鸟类物种数量的相对重要性。括号中为Pearson相关系数; ALAN: 人造夜间灯光; NDVI: 归一化植被指数; PLAND-gs: 绿地面积比例; MPS-gs: 绿地平均斑块面积; ENN-gs: 绿地斑块平均邻近距离; PLAND-islet: 孤岛面积比例; PD-gallery: 廊道斑块密度; PD-core: 核心斑块密度; MPS-gallery: 廊道平均斑块面积; COHESOON-gs: 绿地斑块结合度; MESH-gs: 绿地有效粒度尺寸; MPS-islet: 孤岛平均斑块面积; PLAND-gallery: 廊道面积比例; PLAND-core: 核心面积比例; MPS-core: 核心斑块平均面积; PD-gs: 绿地斑块密度; PD-islet: 孤岛斑块密度; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Relative importance of predictor variables in the random forest regression (RFR) model for bird species numbers. Parentheses contain the Pearson correlation coefficient. ALAN, Artificial night-time light; NDVI, Normalized difference vegetation index; PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; ENN-gs, Mean nearest-neighbor distance of green patches; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; PD-gallery, Patch density of gallery; PD-core, Patch density of core; MPS-gallery, Mean patch size of gallery; COHESOON-gs, Cohesion index of green patches; MESH-gs, Effective mesh size of green space; MPS-islet, Mean patch size of islet; PLAND-gallery, Proportion of gallery; PLAND-core, Proportion of core; MPS-core, Mean patch size of core; PD-gs, Patch density of green space; PD-islet, Patch density of islet. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.

图6 预测鸟类物种数量的回归树。NDVI: 归一化植被指数; PLAND-gs: 绿地面积比例; MPS-gs: 绿地平均斑块面积; PLAND-islet: 孤岛面积比例; MPS-islet: 孤岛平均斑块面积。

Fig. 6 Regression tree for bird species numbers as the dependent variable. NDVI, Normalized difference vegetation index; PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; MPS-islet, Mean patch size of islet.

图7 景观指数与鸟类物种数量的散点矩阵与Loess拟合曲线(蓝色虚线为置信区间, 黑色实线为景观阈值)。NDVI: 归一化植被指数; PLAND-gs: 绿地面积比例; MPS-gs: 绿地平均斑块面积; PLAND-islet: 孤岛面积比例; MPS-islet: 孤岛平均斑块面积。

Fig. 7 Scattered matrix and loess fitting curve of landscape metrics and bird species numbers (Blue dashed line represents the lower and upper confidence limits, black solid line represents the landscape threshold). NDVI, Normalized difference vegetation index; PLAND-gs, Proportion of green space; MPS-gs, Mean patch size of green space; PLAND-islet, Proportion of islet; MPS-islet, Mean patch size of islet.

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基于被动声学监测技术的城市绿地景观格局与鸟类多样性关联分析

Correlation analysis of urban green landscape patterns and bird diversity based on passive acoustic monitoring technology

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