我国植物园体系如何更好地践行植物多样性保护?

doi:10.17520/biods.2024441

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 24441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024441 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024441

我国植物园体系如何更好地践行植物多样性保护?

金冬梅¹^,^#(), 何拓²^,^#(), 董晖², 马其侠¹, 胡永红¹^,^*()()

1.上海辰山植物园, 上海 201602
2.国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心, 北京 100714

收稿日期:2024-10-11 接受日期:2024-11-28 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-04-28
通讯作者: 胡永红
作者简介:第一联系人：
#共同第一作者

Conserving plant diversity: The role of a botanical garden network in China

Dongmei Jin¹^,^#(), Tuo He²^,^#(), Hui Dong², Qixia Ma¹, Yonghong Hu¹^,^*()()

1. Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
2. Wildlife Conservation Monitoring Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China

Received:2024-10-11 Accepted:2024-11-28 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-04-28
Contact: Yonghong Hu
About author:First author contact:
#Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人类活动、气候变化等因素引起的全球植物多样性丧失已严重威胁人类的生存与发展。在全球范围内, 植物园已经成为植物多样性研究与保护的重要力量。当前我国正在建设国家植物园体系, 旨在加强对野生植物的系统收集、科学保护、高水平研究和可持续利用。本研究全面调查、收集并分析了我国170座植物园的发展历史、隶属关系、人员构成及成果产出等信息, 以期在全面了解植物园基本情况的前提下，为我国植物园体系的发展提供建议。调研结果显示: 我国植物园90%属于公益性事业单位; 隶属于中国科学院的植物园科研实力突出, 隶属于政府部门的植物园在迁地保护、科普、游憩等方面贡献较大但科研实力较弱; 植物园之间缺乏实质性合作, 影响了整体成效。提出如下建议: 立足国家植物园体系, 覆盖本土、辐射全球; 建设植物多样性保护网络, 通过信息化与标准化加强统筹合作; 引入植物园认证、创新运营模式, 提升可持续性。未来, 期待构建科学、系统、完善的植物园体系, 更好地保护植物多样性, 实现可持续发展。

关键词: 国家植物园, 迁地保护, 信息化, 标准化, 保护网络, 可持续发展

Abstract

Aims: Global plant diversity has declined in recent decades, primarily due to human activities and climate change, posing a threat to human existence. In this context, botanical gardens have played a vital role in the research and protection of plant diversity. In China, a system of national botanical gardens is being developed to collect, protect, and study wild plants, thereby promoting their sustainable use. To support this effort, the goal of our paper is to analyze the current state of knowledge on botanical gardens in China and identify effective strategies for plant diversity conservation.

Methods: To accomplish this goal, we collected data from 170 botanical gardens located in China. General data included year of establishment, affiliations, and staff structure, while performance outcomes focused on conservation, research, education, horticulture, and amenities. These data were used to categorize the gardens into levels A through D, with Level A representing the highest level of performance and Level D the lowest.

Results: Our analyses revealed that 90% of botanical gardens in China are government-sponsored, public welfare institutions. Notably, gardens affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the leading contributors to scientific research. While gardens managed by government administrations made significant contributions to conservation, horticulture, education, and recreation, their research capacities were less developed. Lastly, the limited collaboration among gardens hindered their overall impact.

Conclusion: To bridge this gap, we propose three main strategies. First, establish a connected system of national, regional, and local botanical gardens to facilitate collaborative efforts in protecting China’s native flora and contributing to global plant conservation. Second, construct an integrated information facility for plant conservation, leveraging digitalization and standardization to strengthen cooperation among gardens. Finally, introduce botanical garden accreditation and innovative operational models to ensure long-term sustainability. We believe that these recommendations will enhance the efficiency of plant diversity conservation and contribute to sustainable development.

Key words: national botanical garden, ex situ conservation, digitalization, standardization, conservation network, sustainable development

金冬梅, 何拓, 董晖, 马其侠, 胡永红 (2025) 我国植物园体系如何更好地践行植物多样性保护?. 生物多样性, 33, 24441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024441.

Dongmei Jin, Tuo He, Hui Dong, Qixia Ma, Yonghong Hu (2025) Conserving plant diversity: The role of a botanical garden network in China. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024441.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024441

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I6/24441

图/表 5

图1 我国170座植物园的地理分布(天津、香港、澳门、台湾无数据)。图中蓝线示胡焕庸线(黑河-腾冲线), 背景颜色示海拔, 空间分辨率为2.5′ (Fick & Hijmans, 2017), 点的颜色示植物园分组。

Fig. 1 Distribution of 170 botanical gardens across China (excluding Tianjin, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan due to data unavailability). The blue line denotes the Hu Huanyong Line (Heihe-Tengchong Line), while background colors represent altitude at a spatial resolution of 2.5′ (Fick & Hijmans, 2017). Point colors indicate group affiliation for each garden.

图2 我国A-D组植物园建园年份分布

Fig. 2 Distribution of establishment years of group A-D of botanical gardens in China

图3 我国A-D组植物园构成及其比例

Fig. 3 Composition and ratio of group A-D of botanical gardens in China

表1 我国A-D组植物园在人员组成、迁地保护、科研、科普、园艺、游憩等领域的分组比较

Table 1 Comparisons of staff, ex situ conservation, research, education, horticulture, and amenities among group A-D of botanical gardens in China

指标 Indicator		A (n = 18)	B (n = 27)	C n = (27)	D (n = 98)
职工数量 Number of staff	均值 Mean	246^a	136^b	54^c	58^c
职工数量 Number of staff	总量 Total	4,422	3,681	1,470	5,660
研究人员数量 Number of researchers	均值 Mean	134^a	56^b	18^c	17^c
研究人员数量 Number of researchers	总量 Total	2,418	1,515	480	1,651
专职科普人员数量 Number of science popularization personnel	均值 Mean	16^a	11^ab	8^bc	5^c
专职科普人员数量 Number of science popularization personnel	总量 Total	288	305	204	508
迁地保护国家重点保护野生植物物种数量 Number of National Key Protected Wild Plant Species under ex situ conservation	均值 Mean	208^a	95^b	42^c	16^c
	总量 Total	3,736	2,572	1,127	1,546
2017-2021年发表SCI论文数量 Number of SCI-indexed papers published between 2017 and 2021	均值 Mean	675^a	33^b	9^b	1^b
	总量 Total	12,155	883	248	115
2017-2021年主持省部级以上项目数量 Number of projects led at provincial level or above between 2017 and 2021	均值 Mean	224^a	39^b	11^b	3^b
	总量 Total	4,040	1,041	294	299
专类园数量 Number of specialty gardens	均值 Mean	21^a	14^ab	12^b	6^c
专类园数量 Number of specialty gardens	总量 Total	372	379	313	556
年均举办科普活动数量 Number of science popularization events per year	均值 Mean	85^a	58^a	19^b	8^b
年均举办科普活动数量 Number of science popularization events per year	总量 Total	1,532	1,562	506	811
年均参观人数(万人次) Number of visitors per year (×10⁴)	均值 Mean	104^ab	113^a	38^bc	20^c
年均参观人数(万人次) Number of visitors per year (×10⁴)	总量 Total	1,866	3,052	1,035	1,349

图4 我国植物园在人员组成、迁地保护、科研、科普、园艺、游憩等领域的构成

Fig. 4 Compositions of staff, ex situ conservation, research, education, horticulture, and amenities in botanical gardens of China

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我国植物园体系如何更好地践行植物多样性保护?

Conserving plant diversity: The role of a botanical garden network in China

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